Substantia NigraNeuronsDopaminergic NeuronsNerve DegenerationMPTP PoisoningParkinsonian DisordersOxidopamineDopamineTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseLewy BodiesParkinson DiseaseCorpus StriatumRetinal DegenerationMacular Degenerationalpha-SynucleinNeurons, AfferentMotor NeuronsWallerian DegenerationParkinson Disease, SecondaryIntervertebral Disc DegenerationAction PotentialsAxonsNerve Tissue ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalRetrograde DegenerationMesencephalon1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineImmunohistochemistryCells, CulturedFrontotemporal Lobar DegenerationBrainDendritesWet Macular DegenerationMice, Inbred C57BLNeostriatumRats, Sprague-DawleyCerebral CortexHippocampusgamma-Aminobutyric AcidRetinaMotor Neuron DiseaseElectric StimulationNeuroprotective AgentsSpinal CordPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionGanglia, SpinalGABAergic NeuronsCell CountMice, TransgenicElectrophysiologyPatch-Clamp TechniquesGlial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic FactorTime FactorsBehavior, AnimalRats, WistarSensory Receptor CellsNeurogliaIntervertebral DiscCell DeathNerve Growth FactorsCholinergic NeuronsAnimals, NewbornNeurodegenerative DiseasesFetal Tissue TransplantationMice, KnockoutThalamusOlfactory Receptor NeuronsElectroretinographyApomorphine3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidNordefrinMembrane PotentialsBrain Tissue TransplantationNeurons, EfferentGlutamic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsCell SurvivalLevodopaNeural InhibitionRed NucleusVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsModels, NeurologicalMutationAgingPyramidal CellsNuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2Dopamine AgentsChoroidal NeovascularizationDopamine AgonistsMedulla OblongataGlobus PallidusCatsSpinocerebellar DegenerationsInterneuronsRetinitis PigmentosaAnalysis of VarianceCerebellumNeuropeptides