• The concept of altruism has a history in philosophical and ethical thought. (wikipedia.org)
  • And he's deeply influenced by effective altruism, a philosophical and social movement that's defined by maximizing good through a data-driven framework - an unusual lens for engaging with politics. (politico.com)
  • Other approaches to the evolutionary puzzle of altruism also appeared in the next half-century: the ability to expect and receive reciprocal altruism, the benefits to an individual's reputation, cooperation in games where the cumulative payoff beats defection, and other models. (prospect.org)
  • They do favors for unrelated individuals because they expect a favor in return - a clinical transaction known as reciprocal altruism. (time.com)
  • A favor done by Hare today might not be returned by Ellington for months - far longer than the quick quid pro quo of reciprocal altruism. (time.com)
  • Reciprocal altruism-temporary altruism with the expectation of more than compensating future aid (reciprocation) on the part of the beneficiary-requires meticulous contemporaneous controls on cheating and is therefore probably restricted to intelligent animals, the only documented example being in man. (uchicago.edu)
  • I stress the significance of intersubjectivity, of shared cognition, for extraterrestrial intelligence and interstellar communication, and argue that it is in fact crucial and indispensable for any successful interstellar communication, and in the end also for the concepts that are focus of this volume, empathy and altruism in space. (lu.se)
  • For instance, following excerpts from The Fountainhead are discussions by Rand of the nature of rational selfishness and the evil of altruism, themes that figure prominently in the novel. (aynrand.org)
  • Kin-selection theory outlines certain limits to selfishness as well as the conditions under which altruism is advantageous. (uchicago.edu)
  • In the Science of ethology (the study of animal behaviour), and more generally in the study of social evolution, altruism refers to behavior by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our altruism may be more hard-wired than previously thought," said Leonardo Christov-Moore, a postdoctoral fellow at UCLA's Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior. (disabled-world.com)
  • Subordinant behavior among primates and other animals living in groups of relatives may sometimes represent a kind of altruism that is advantageous (in terms of inclusive fitness) to the subordinant individual, providing the subordinant individual is a reproductively inferior relative of the dominant individual and contributes sufficiently to the dominant individual's reproduction. (uchicago.edu)
  • We define altruism something like a behavior of an animal that benefits another at its own expense. (boingboing.net)
  • This note describes the evolution of the notion of alms (and by extension of altruism) from the notion of sacrifice. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thrust of these lines of criticism will be to suggest that there are certain difficulties with Sellars' use of the notion of intrinsic reasonableness to characterize intentions, and that these difficulties call into question his overall defense of altruism. (ditext.com)
  • Altruism is the principle and moral practice of concern for the welfare and happiness of other human beings or animals, resulting in both material and spiritual quality of life. (disabled-world.com)
  • There are two moral questions which altruism lumps together into one 'package-deal': (1) What are values? (aynrand.org)
  • it evades the task of defining a code of moral values, thus leaving man, in fact, without moral guidance. (aynrand.org)
  • While the recent attempts of Thomas Nagel and Alan Gewirth to forward the basically Kantian enterprise of showing that altruism is a rational requirement on action have been much discussed by moral philosophers, Wilfrid Sellars' attempt to argue for a similar thesis has been largely ignored. (ditext.com)
  • Aims:The aim of this narrative synthesis was to explore the necessary and sufficient conditions required to define moral distress.Background:Moral distress is said to occur when one has made a moral judgement but is unable to act upon it. (philpapers.org)
  • Altruism, as observed in populations of organisms, is when an individual performs an action at a cost to themselves (in terms of e.g. pleasure and quality of life, time, probability of survival or reproduction) that benefits, directly or indirectly, another individual, without the expectation of reciprocity or compensation for that action. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two related strands of research on altruism have emerged from traditional evolutionary analyses and evolutionary game theory: a mathematical model and analysis of behavioral strategies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Group selection departs from the more familiar model of individual selection that sees the evolutionary prize going to the individual, male or female, who has more surviving offspring, regardless of health and life-span, much less altruism. (prospect.org)
  • Altruism is the principle and practice of concern for the well-being and/or happiness of other humans or animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whilst ideas about altruism from one field can affect the other fields, the different methods and focuses of these fields always lead to different perspectives on altruism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Does this view of altruism also depend on the idea of rational irrationality? (econlib.org)
  • 2 I would like instead to set out as briefly as I can Sellars' defense of the thesis that altruism is a rational requirement on action, and then to treat it to some critical attention. (ditext.com)
  • Effective altruism is the use of evidence and reason to determine the most effective ways to benefit others. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the end, trying to talk about climate activism and the importance of storytelling at the same time may have proved to be too tall an order, but I still think it's important to hear Robert's account of what it was like to experience the effective altruism community at a main event like a conference without any pre-existing affiliation or association. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • What follows are See Through News's ponderings, reflections and analysis following our three days at the Effective Altruism Global x (EAGx)conference, held in Berlin Sept 16-18 2022. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • It ends with a listicle of Nine Things we think Effective Altruism can improve on, but we hope you won't be too impatient to get there. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • In so doing, we're trying to demonstrate what we think Effective Altruism is missing. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • We appreciate that Effective Altruism took a punt in inviting See Through News. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • We're writing it because, well, communication is what we do, we'd like to bring both See Through News and Effective Altruism to broader attention, but mainly because our experience of EA suggests some people would be happy to have these things said. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • When booking us, the Berlin conference organisers half promised, half warned, us Effective Altruism delegates pull no punches. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • Several Effective Altruism insiders explained this was what Effective Altruism does - subject everything to intense and probing scrutiny. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • We were intrigued why Effective Altruism was so insistent on the matter. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • 'EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM' - Washington's newest political mega-donor is a 30-year-old crypto king who drives a hybrid Toyota Corolla. (politico.com)
  • No longer the new kid on the block, Effective Altruism (EA) has evolved from its early days in the quadrangles of the University of Oxford to become a thriving community with a well-established architecture of philanthropic institutions. (cgdev.org)
  • How does Effective Altruism approach cause prioritisation? (cgdev.org)
  • Once you grasp the logic of collective action, basic economics strongly supports a conclusion that economists rarely advertise: Genuine altruism is all around us. (econlib.org)
  • The elasticity of intergenerational substitution, parental altruism, and fertility choice ," ISU General Staff Papers 201406010700001025, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. (repec.org)
  • The Elasticity of Intergenerational Substitution, Parental Altruism, and Fertility Choice ," Working Paper 5658, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh. (repec.org)
  • The Elasticity of Intergenerational Substitution, Parental Altruism, and Fertility Choice ," Staff General Research Papers Archive 37765, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. (repec.org)
  • What's missing is the true generosity, communication, long-term commitment and sacrifice that defines human friendship, right? (time.com)
  • In simple terms, altruism is caring about the welfare of other people and acting to help them. (wikipedia.org)
  • The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as "a motivational state to increase another's welfare. (disabled-world.com)
  • The latter are predicated upon social relationships, whilst altruism does not consider relationships. (wikipedia.org)
  • An index of the liklihood that altruism will occur in different social and ecological situations. (uchicago.edu)
  • HTA is a multidisciplinary health policy process that evaluates the medical, social, economic, and ethical implications of health technologies (defined broadly to include not only drugs, medical devices and so on but any health service or policy). (cgdev.org)
  • Whether "true" altruism is possible in human psychology is a subject of debate. (wikipedia.org)
  • We conclude that a set of finite human values can be defined and adapted to the stable life tasks that AI systems will be called upon to accomplish. (springer.com)
  • The term altruism may also refer to an ethical doctrine that claims that individuals are morally obliged to benefit others. (wikipedia.org)
  • This will necessitate my spending some time setting out the main outline of Sellars' ethical theory in order that his defense of altruism can be seen as an integral part of it. (ditext.com)
  • In fact, he never, to my knowledge, uses the expression 'altruism' in developing his ethical views. (ditext.com)
  • My strategy here will be, in section I, to sketch in the main lines of his ethical theory relevant to his discussion of altruism and in the following two sections to raise two related lines of criticism. (ditext.com)
  • I define it as cognitive flexibility, an ability to adjust to changes in the physical and socio-cultural environment. (lu.se)
  • and (6) Defining realistic approaches to support staff mental health and mass casualty preparation. (safetylit.org)
  • Defining terms scientifically is often difficult even with concepts that everyone agrees exist (e.g., intelligence, happiness, hunger). (skeptic.com)
  • How, exactly, do we define-in statistical and computational terms-the principles, rights, and ideals articulated by the law? (springer.com)
  • A second difficulty is that Sellars does not himself frame his discussion of the foundations of ethics in terms of a defense of altruism. (ditext.com)
  • Kin-selection theory (Hamilton's "genetical theory") explains how aid that is self-sacrificing (in terms of classical individual fitness), or "altruism," can evolve if sufficiently beneficial to relatives. (uchicago.edu)
  • A General expression is derived which defines inclusive fitness in terms of a classical and a kinship component. (uchicago.edu)
  • If a gene affects altruism in such a way that the altruism is more likely to be directed at close relatives, the gene can spread in the population despite the cost imposed on the altruist. (prospect.org)
  • Specific cases of altruism are discussed with attention to costs and benefits in orden to show how kin selection can operate even among quite distant relatives. (uchicago.edu)
  • This paper defines the concept of elasticity of intergenerational substitution (EGS), and extends a standard dynastic model in order to disentangle the EGS from the EIS, or elasticity of intertemporal substitution. (repec.org)
  • But on reflection, the logic of collective action is compelling evidence for the power of altruism. (econlib.org)
  • Altruism declares that any action taken for the benefit of others is good, and any action taken for one's own benefit is evil. (aynrand.org)
  • As defined by its chief exponents, however, communitarianism is a doctrine of 'community through coercion. (bibleinschools.net)
  • Granted, people are often not required to precisely define concepts that they are discussing, so the fact that spirituality means different things to different people is largely irrelevant in everyday conversation. (skeptic.com)
  • 1/r, the relationship of benefit/cost and relatedness necessary for advantageous altruism, is reformulated so as to be applicable to altruism by descendents, and from the point of view of any member of a population (e.g., affected parties other than the altruist). (uchicago.edu)
  • There are no benefit pensions, while taking away retirement security and killing questions, but it does give people the opportunity to get their point of off a good defined benefit plan that people have worked for and that view on the record and be part of the pre-budget consultations. (who.int)
  • Selfish-gene theory allowed, however, for an explanation of altruism that arose in the 1960s and became known as "kin selection. (prospect.org)
  • A synthesis of current ideas on the evolution of insect sociality shows how mutualism, parental manipulation, and kin selection could all have operated, either in conjunction or independently, to produce extreme altruism (worker sterility) starting with different kinds of primitice groups. (uchicago.edu)
  • Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty or concern for the common good. (wikipedia.org)
  • The guitarist then defined a good leader as "someone with integrity, honesty and altruism, and a general sense of what is right and what's wrong. (ultimateclassicrock.com)
  • Discrimination against or hostility towards Jewish people, whether they are religiously or ethnically defined. (bvsalud.org)
  • More importantly, he develops his defense of altruism within the context of the comprehensive theory of practical reason he has developed over the years, and this theoretical background makes his views on ethics of special interest. (ditext.com)