AnatomyDiseases
Spermatic Cord TorsionSpermatic CordGenital Neoplasms, MaleVas DeferensTorsion AbnormalityFasciaAbdominal MusclesHernia, InguinalFemoral Neuropathy
EpididymisTesticleDuctus deferensExternal spermaTunica vaginalisTestisAssociated with testicularScrotal painInguinalTesticlesEpididymitisExtravaginalNervesScrotumDeformityIntravaginalOccursDiagnosisSpermOrchitisVasectomyCremastericNeonatesSevereFasciaSurgical emergencyTissueSymptomsInflammationBloodPresentationPainSurgeryCommon
Epididymis14
  • The vas deferens is the duct that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts before ejaculation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Another condition that mimics testicular torsion in presentation is torsion of the appendix testis or appendix epididymis, which is most commonly seen in older prepubertal boys. (medscape.com)
  • Left caudal epididymis and ductus deferens tissues were placed in sperm wash solution (at 37°C) and dissected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Any portion of the male reproductive tract, such as the vas deferens, the epididymis, or the ejaculatory duct inside the prostate can be obstructed, preventing normal transport of sperm from the testicles to the urethra, where it leaves the body during ejaculation. (ssmr.org)
  • A spermatocele, also known as a spermatic or epididymal cyst, is typically a painless, noncancerous (benign) fluid filled cyst that is a sack of fluid arising from the epididymis. (ssmr.org)
  • Noticeable swelling of the highly convoluted duct (epididymis) behind the testicle (testis) along which sperm passes to the vas deferens. (willyworries.com)
  • This is the blockage of your vas deferens in the epididymis. (cadabamsdiagnostics.com)
  • The tunica vaginalis testis (a remnant of the processus vaginalis) envelopes the testis in a double layer, except at the superior and posterior borders where the spermatic cord and epididymis adhere to the testes. (medscape.com)
  • The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis testis is closely applied to the testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens. (medscape.com)
  • Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis , the tubular structure in which sperm mature and which connects the testicle to the vas deferens. (healthtwentyfour.com)
  • Further increase in the cyst causes excessive pressure on the vas deferens of the epididymis, which leads to disruption of the normal flow of seminal fluid. (dawasante.net)
  • In males with acute scrotal pain, exclude testicular torsion unless findings are clearly limited to the epididymis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sperm is produced in the testes and is conveyed through the ductus deferens, epididymis, urethra, and ejaculatory duct. (healthtian.com)
  • It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD. (rush.edu)
Testicle14
  • The spermatic cord is the cord-like structure in males formed by the vas deferens (ductus deferens) and surrounding tissue that runs from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spermatic cord is sensitive to torsion, in which the testicle rotates within its sac and blocks its own blood supply. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular torsion may result in irreversible damage to the testicle within hours. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular torsion is a serious medical condition that occurs when the spermatic cord twists, like a candy cane, and cuts off the blood supply to the testicle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Torsion occurs when the blood supply to the testicle in the spermatic cord is twisted on itself, preventing the flow of blood to the testis. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • Some men experience intermittent torsion where the testicle will twist and un-twist spontaneously. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • Intermittent torsion can lead to the same devastating consequence of loss of the testicle. (vasectomy-information.com)
  • Pediatric testicular torsion is an acute vascular event in which the spermatic cord becomes twisted on its axis, so that the blood flow to or from the testicle becomes interrupted. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular torsion refers to the torsion of the spermatic cord structures and subsequent loss of the blood supply to the ipsilateral testicle. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular torsion is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord and the blood supply to the testicle (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • With mature attachments, the tunica vaginalis is attached securely to the posterior lateral aspect of the testicle, and, within it, the spermatic cord is not very mobile. (medscape.com)
  • If the attachment of the tunica vaginalis to the testicle is inappropriately high, the spermatic cord can rotate within it, which can lead to intravaginal torsion. (medscape.com)
  • It is thought that the increased weight of the testicle after puberty, as well as sudden contraction of the cremasteric muscles (which inserts in a spiral fashion into the spermatic cord), is the impetus for acute torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular torsion, or twisting of the testicle resulting in a strangulation of the blood supply, occurs in men whose tissue surrounding the testicle is not well attached to the scrotum. (ssmr.org)
Ductus deferens1
External sperma2
  • The spermatic cord is ensheathed in three layers of tissue: external spermatic fascia, an extension of the innominate fascia that overlies the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • It extends through the scrotum and around the testis, being situated deep to the external spermatic fascia. (verenigdlinks.eu)
Tunica vaginalis6
  • The tunica vaginalis is located in front of the spermatic cord, outside it. (wikipedia.org)
  • The left femoral triangle The scrotum The right testis, exposed by laying open the tunica vaginalis Spermatic cord Spermatic cord Superficial veins oflower limb. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular torsion can take place either inside the tunica vaginalis (intravaginal) or outside it (extravaginal). (medscape.com)
  • In this disorder, incomplete attachment of the gubernaculum and testicular tunics to dartos fascia causes the cord to twist above the level of the testis and tunica vaginalis. (aafp.org)
  • This occurs because the tunica vaginalis is not yet secured to the gubernaculum and, therefore, the spermatic cord, as well as the tunica vaginalis, undergo torsion as a unit. (medscape.com)
  • The parietal layer of tunica vaginalis is adjacent to the internal spermatic fascia, is more extensive, and extends superiorly into the distal part of the spermatic cord. (medscape.com)
Testis11
  • Hi, I had a vasectomy 15 years ago, could you tell me whether it is possible to have torsion of the testis? (vasectomy-information.com)
  • I believe I may have partial torsion, but surely after a vasectomy the spermatic cord wouldn't be attached to the testis to cause this problem? (vasectomy-information.com)
  • The spermatic cord (artery, vein, vas, and supporting structures) passes through the canal, out the external inguinal ring, over the pubic tubercle, and into the scrotum, where it meets the testis. (medscape.com)
  • In a minority, a predisposing factor such as horizontal-lie/bell-clapper deformity makes the opposite testis prone to torsion. (medscape.com)
  • The testicular vasculature originates near the renal arteries on the abdominal aorta, but the testis gains additional supporting blood supply through the arteries of the vas deferens and cremaster muscle. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The testis becomes ischemic with torsion because all three of its supporting arteries become occluded in the spermatic cord. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The patient should perform the Valsalva maneuver while standing so he can be evaluated for a mass of dilated testicular veins in the spermatic cord forming a varicocele above and behind the testis. (aafp.org)
  • Funiculitis, an inflammation of cord structures, may cause inguinal or scrotal pain, but the testis is normal. (aafp.org)
  • The free-floating testis is more likely to twist on its cord and strangulate its blood supply through intra-vaginal torsion. (aafp.org)
  • Superiorly, it is suspended by the spermatic cord, with the left testis often sitting lower than the right testis. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular Torsion Testicular torsion is an emergency condition due to rotation of the testis and consequent strangulation of its blood supply. (msdmanuals.com)
Associated with testicular1
  • Family physicians must keep in mind the emergency or "must not miss" diagnoses associated with testicular masses, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer. (aafp.org)
Scrotal pain3
  • Testicular torsion presents as acute-onset severe scrotal pain, commonly with associated scrotal swelling and erythema (redness of the scrotal skin). (medscape.com)
  • Patients with testicular torsion often present with sudden, severe, unilateral scrotal pain that is often associated with nausea and vomiting. (aafp.org)
  • It is capable of differentiating the most important etiologies of acute scrotal pain and swelling, including epididymitis and testicular torsion, and is the imaging modality of choice in acute scrotal trauma. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Inguinal4
  • The ilioinguinal nerve is not actually located inside the spermatic cord, but runs outside it in the inguinal canal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The contents of the abdominal cavity may protrude into the inguinal canal, producing an indirect inguinal hernia Varicose veins of the spermatic cord are referred to as varicocele. (wikipedia.org)
  • The testicular arteries arise from the abdominal aorta and pass inferolaterally through the retroperitoneum to the internal inguinal ring, where they meet the vasa deferentia and enter the inguinal canal. (medscape.com)
  • The inguinal canals should be explored for hernias or cord tenderness. (aafp.org)
Testicles4
Epididymitis1
Extravaginal4
  • Extravaginal testicular torsion is commonly seen in perinatal cases. (medscape.com)
  • Extravaginal torsion, which is far less common than intravaginal torsion, occurs exclusively in neonates. (aafp.org)
  • By contrast, neonates more often have extravaginal torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Extravaginal torsion is not associated with bell clapper deformity. (medscape.com)
Nerves3
  • During its descent it carries along with it the vas deferens, its vessels, nerves etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • In such cases, the nerves, blood vessels and the tubes (comprise the spermatic cord) that carry semen between the testes to the penis gets twisted. (metromaleclinic.com)
  • Testicular torsion is a condition in men characterized by the bending of the arteries, veins, nerves and spermatic cord, which causes blockage of the circulation of seminal fluid. (healthtwentyfour.com)
Scrotum2
  • Because testicular torsion is a potentially reversible condition when diagnosed and treated early, the emphasis should be on prompt evaluation of children who present with acute scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • The scrotum is swelling of the perineum and holds some abdominal tissues into its cavity including the testicular vein and artery, and the pampiniform plexus (which forms the principal mass of the spermatic cord, it also functions in venous return from the testes, the pampiniform plexus also plays a vital role in regulating the temperature of the testes. (healthtian.com)
Deformity1
  • In cases of testicular torsion, an anatomic deformity allows the spermatic cord to twist, resulting in occlusion of testicular blood flow. (aafp.org)
Intravaginal5
  • Intravaginal testicular torsion (see the image below) is far more common and represents almost all torsion events in older boys. (medscape.com)
  • Intravaginal testicular torsion with ischemia in adolescent boy. (medscape.com)
  • Intravaginal testicular torsion occurs most often in young men but can also affect middle-aged men. (aafp.org)
  • Intravaginal torsion most commonly occurs in adolescents. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Of course, neonates can have intravaginal torsion and this should be managed in the same manner as adolescents. (medscape.com)
Occurs1
  • According to the American Urological Association , testicular torsion typically occurs on the left side more than the right. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Diagnosis5
  • Hence, the diagnosis is often made late, long after the torsion event has taken place. (medscape.com)
  • Such a history favors the diagnosis of torsion. (aafp.org)
  • Diagnosis of testicular torsion is clinical, and diagnostic testing should not delay treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Torsion of the spermatic cord (testicular torsion) - the main differential diagnosis - which is a surgical emergency. (willyworries.com)
  • When all spermatic cord structures also are involved, the diagnosis is funiculitis. (msdmanuals.com)
Sperm1
Orchitis2
  • Chronic testicular lesions, including orchitis and testicular torsion, can cause unilateral or bilateral testicular atrophy. (aafp.org)
  • If it can be arranged without delay, colour Doppler ultrasound is useful to help differentiate between Epididymo-Orchitis and torsion of the spermatic cord. (willyworries.com)
Vasectomy5
Cremasteric3
  • High birth weight, difficult labor, breech presentation, and overreactive cremasteric reflex have been proposed as possible causes for perinatal torsion. (medscape.com)
  • Apr 12, 2023 · The cremasteric muscle fibers unite with the surrounding loose connective tissue to comprise a thin covering for the spermatic cord known as the cremasteric fascia. (verenigdlinks.eu)
  • The most sensitive physical finding in testicular torsion is the absence of the cremasteric. (verenigdlinks.eu)
Neonates1
  • Testicular torsion is primarily a disease of adolescents and neonates. (medscape.com)
Severe1
  • Sometimes, the pain can be so severe that it is similar to testicular torsion , which is a medical emergency. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Fascia1
Surgical emergency1
  • Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency, and all efforts should be aimed at bringing the patient to the operating room as quickly as possible within the limits of surgical and anesthetic safety. (medscape.com)
Tissue1
  • These fascicules are united by loose areolar tissue to form a sac-like investment for the spermatic. (verenigdlinks.eu)
Symptoms1
  • Initiating factors for torsion can include trauma or vigorous exercise, but symptoms may also occur during sleep. (aafp.org)
Inflammation1
Blood2
Presentation1
  • The distinction is important because the two forms of torsion are associated with different ages of presentation and etiologies. (medscape.com)
Pain3
  • The pain from testicular torsion is sometimes gradual. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The pain may be localized or may radiate along the spermatic cord into the lower abdomen. (aafp.org)
  • Scrotal ultrasound can sometimes be an emergency in cases of acute pain in order to determine if there is any torsion that can be reversed. (cadabamsdiagnostics.com)
Surgery1
Common1
  • Torsion is more common in men who are under 20 years of age - predominantly adolescents - but it can occur at any age. (willyworries.com)