Defensin peptides. Medical search. Frequent questions

AIM: To characterize the functional activity of the antimicrobial peptides LL-37 (human cathelicidin) and human β-defensin (hBD)-2 keratinocytes were infected with VZV, in a skin-infection model. (ox.ac.uk)
An investigation of human beta-defensins and cathelicidin expression in patients with pterygium. (antikoerper-online.de)
Our research aimed to use synthetized aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) to induce the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) to minimize the necessity of antibiotic use during infection. (researchgate.net)
By now we know some human defensins and one human cathelicidin,named LL-37. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Microbial agglutination is part of the protective activities of a wide range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), consistent with the recent identification of Aβ as an AMP. (alzforum.org)

Cationic and amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as α-defensins and cathelicidins are factors related to innate immunity. (elsevierpure.com)
There are several families of antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidins and human β-defensins. (ox.ac.uk)
Defensins and cathelicidins constitute the two major groups of antimicrobial peptides in most mammalian species. (vin.com)

α-defensins are proteins found in neutrophils and intestinal epithelia . (eurogentec.com)
Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins across cellular life, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants, and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Characteristic disulphide linkages The name 'defensin' was coined in the mid-1980s, though the proteins have been called 'Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins,' 'Neutrophil peptides,' 'Gamma thionins' amongst others. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins called 'defensins' are not all evolutionarily related to one another. (wikipedia.org)
Mature defensins are cationic proteins with three intramolecular disulfides and a characteristic triple-stranded beta-sheet. (rndsystems.com)
At the amino acid sequence level, human beta-Defensin 2 shares 98% and 51% homology with the proteins from rhesus monkey and rat, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
The β-defensin proteins are expressed as the C-terminal portion of precursors, and are released by proteolytic cleavage of a signal sequence and, in some cases, a propeptide sequence. (peprotech.com)
Here, we investigated both the role of p63 proteins in the regulation of HβDs and the implication of these antimicrobial peptides in tumor (lymph)angiogenesis. (oncotarget.com)

In general, both α- and β-defensins are encoded by two-exon genes, where the first exon encodes for a hydrophobic leader sequence (removed after translation) and the cysteine-rich sequence (the mature peptide). (wikipedia.org)
Pyroglutamyl (pGlu) peptides may spontaneously form when either Glutamine (Q) or Glutamic acid (E) is located at the sequence N-terminus. (anaspec.com)
To facilitate defensin peptide purification, the sequence fragment was fused in -frame with a GST tag. (ekb.eg)
In the present work, a cDNA sequence encoding a new big defensin homologue was characterized from the scallop Argopecten purpuratus, namely ApBD1. (pucv.cl)
The deduced protein sequence contains 124 amino acids with a molecular weight of 13.5 kDa, showing characteristic motifs of the big defensin family and presenting 76% identity with the big defensin from the scallop A. irradians. (pucv.cl)
Structure Determination of Human and Murine Beta-Defensins Reveals Structural Conservation in the Absence of Significant Sequence Similarity. (expasy.org)
Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. (antikoerper-online.de)
Thus, we have shown that covalent, dimeric molecules based on the Defr1 beta-defensin sequence demonstrate antimicrobial activity even in the absence of the canonical cysteine motif. (ed.ac.uk)

These biological oligomers and polymers can be Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), or in continue produced for custom peptide synthesis projects. (b-defensin.com)
The High-efficiency solid phase peptide synthesis (HE-SPPS) is give very low production costs. (b-defensin.com)
Peptides represent over decades of innovative peptide synthesis expertise. (anaspec.com)
The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
The aim of this chapter is to review some applications of synthetic peptides providing a brief knowledge about peptide synthesis. (intechopen.com)
In the first part, information about the peptide synthesis was given in a very simple and readable format under the title of solid-phase peptide synthesis including a brief history, solid supports, linkers, protecting groups, and analysis method sections. (intechopen.com)
The synthesis of the peptides may provide sufficient material to enable further studies and to determine the structure-activity relationships or may provide discovery of new analogues with improved properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. (intechopen.com)

Human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1-3 are microbicidal and cytotoxic defensins derived from a 94-amino acid prepro HNP1-94, co-translationally proteolyzed to proHNP20-94, then converted by removal of the anionic propiece to mature HNP65-94 (HNP-1 and -3) and HNP66-94 (HNP-2). (eurogentec.com)
The results suggest that the terminal residues in defensins are crucial functional elements that determine their microbicidal potency. (sciencecentral.in)
The enhanced microbicidal activity observed for defensin peptides with Arg (RR) residues could be due to optimization of amphiphilicity of the structure, which could facilitate specific interactions with the microbial membranes. (sciencecentral.in)
Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. (antikoerper-online.de)
Defensins are members of a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides produced by neutrophils. (rndsystems.com)

In all families, the underlying genes responsible for defensin production are highly polymorphic. (wikipedia.org)
The activation of the TLRs and the NF- κ B pathway is responsible for the induction of the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes, including beta-defensins. (vin.com)
Arabidopsis contains 317 genes for defensin-like (DEFL) peptides. (bvsalud.org)

human, mouse or other beta β- and alpha α- defensins are expressed by neutrophils ( α- ), lymphocytes and epithelial cells. (b-defensin.com)

Paneth cells secrete GROWTH FACTORS, digestive enzymes such as LYSOZYME and antimicrobial peptides such as cryptdins (ALPHA-DEFENSINS) into the crypt lumen. (bvsalud.org)

An organism usually produces many different defensins, some of which are stored inside the cells (e.g. in neutrophil granulocytes to kill phagocytosed bacteria), and others are secreted into the extracellular medium. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we examined the protective effects of two AMPs, human neutrophil peptide-3 and α-defensin-5, against the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). (elsevierpure.com)

Plant defensins are cysteine -rich small cationic peptides, whose tertiary structure is greatly stable due to the presence of disulfide bonds. (ekb.eg)
alpha, beta, theta (circle w/horizontal line)] Mammalian defensins are endogenous cysteine-rich peptide antibiotics classically produced either by epithelial cells of the respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts, or by circulating cells including granulocytes and macrophages. (vin.com)
β-defensins are structurally defined by the conserved cysteine-rich motif forming three disulphide bonds, which stabilize a β-sheet formation. (vin.com)
Beta defensins comprise a family of cationic, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, predominantly expressed at epithelial surfaces. (ed.ac.uk)

The defensins are a large family of small, cationic, cysteine- and arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides. (eurogentec.com)
Human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) is one of a number of small cationic host-defense peptides. (tmu.edu.tw)
Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic peptides which are generated by epithelial cells and effect like endogen antibiotics. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
It is generally assumed that butyrat is able to induce a variety of changes within the Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic peptides which are generated by epithelial cells and effect like endogen antibiotics. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Mammalian defensins are small molecules (18-45 residues) that are cysteine, arginine rich compounds. (sciencecentral.in)
In an Advanced Online Publication in Nature , Nita Salzman and colleagues at the Medical College of Wisconsin , Wisconsin, US, provide direct evidence of the crucial role of antimicrobial peptides in mammalian host protection and envision new therapeutic applications for these molecules ( Nature , 10.1038/nature01520, March 19, 2003). (the-scientist.com)

They are classified into alpha-, beta-, and theta-defensins based on their sizes and intramolecular disulfide bond patterns. (rndsystems.com)
The α-defensins are distinguished from the β-defensins by the pairing of their three disulfide bonds. (peprotech.com)
β-defensins contain a six-cysteine motif that forms three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. (peprotech.com)

Bacterial defensins have also been identified, but are by far the least studied. (wikipedia.org)
Although AMPs often neutralize bacterial bioactive products, neither α-defensin reduced the proteolytic activity of GelE, a toxic protease from E. faecalis. (elsevierpure.com)
We reported that anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities of native defensins is increased significantly by adding Arg (RR) residues at both the termini while the substitution of Arg (RR) with Asp (DD), eliminate anti-HIV and antimicrobial activity against all bacterial species tested. (sciencecentral.in)

These gene-encoded, ribosome-synthesized peptides are among the major effectors of innate immunity , an ancient defense system present in all multicellular organisms. (the-scientist.com)
ERAP1 is a gene that encodes an endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase, which acts on amino acid terminals in peptides that are then involved in HLA class I molecules, affecting their length for optimum major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I binding. (medscape.com)
This gene encodes defensin, beta 103B, which has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and may play an important role in innate epithelial defense. (antikoerper-online.de)
Antimicrobial peptide gene cecropin-2 and defensin respond to peptidoglycan i. (invivogen.com)

Many organisms use antimicrobial peptides to fend off microbial pathogens. (the-scientist.com)
The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the airway epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and antimicrobial peptides produced by these cells. (cdc.gov)
These peptides, in combination with phagosomes (phagocytes containing engulfed pathogens), disrupt the cell membrane of the bacteria and destroy the pathogen. (holtorfmed.com)

Mice endogenously synthesize defensin-related peptides, termed cryptdins . (the-scientist.com)

Human antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 reduce viral replication in keratinocytes infected with varicella zoster virus. (ox.ac.uk)
Results demonstrate that hBD-1 peptide alters human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signal transduction and represses retroviral-mediated transgene expression in cancer cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
genetically modified mice to produce defensin HD-5, a human intestinal antimicrobial peptide. (the-scientist.com)
Human papillomavirus oncogenic E6 protein regulates human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) expression via the tumor suppressor protein p53. (antikoerper-online.de)
Bourgade K, Garneau H, Giroux G, Le Page AY, Bocti C, Dupuis G, Frost EH, Fülöp T Jr . β-Amyloid peptides display protective activity against the human Alzheimer's disease-associated herpes simplex virus-1 . (alzforum.org)
Human beta-Defensin 2 expression is induced by inflammatory signals in multiple tissues, including airway epithelial cells and keratinocytes. (rndsystems.com)
Constitutively produced or induced in inflammatory conditions, human beta-defensins (HβDs) are cationic peptides involved in host defenses against bacteria, viruses and fungi. (oncotarget.com)
Since Tyler began as a graduate research student, he has studied the effects and modes of action of the antimicrobial peptide, human beta defensin-2. (calstatela.edu)
Listen to Hiutung Chu, graduate student, Exit Seminar, Dr. Bevin's Lab and Graduate Group in Immunology, speak on "A novel mechanism in defensin-mediated mucosal immunity: human definsin 6 protects by self-assembled peptide nanonets. (theaggie.org)

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 19 (3). (sciencecentral.in)

Big defensins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are proposed as important effectors of the immune response in mollusks, chelicerates and chordates. (pucv.cl)
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of promising antibiotic molecules as they present broad action spectrum, potent activity, and do not easily induce resistance. (frontiersin.org)

Aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) are novel modulators of innate immunity with respect to enhancing the expression of antimicrobial peptides and maintaining epithelial barrier integrity. (researchgate.net)
These peptides are ancient and universal molecules of innate immunity with functions extending far beyond simple antibiotics, including anti-tumor and mitogenic activity, as well as immunomodulation and signal transduction characteristics. (vin.com)

Defensins found in mammals belong to mainly two subfamilies α- and β-defensins. (sciencecentral.in)

Specific antibodies blocked the antiviral action exhibited by these antimicrobial peptides. (ox.ac.uk)
Western blotting was made using anti -glutathione - S - transferase (GST) antibodies, to detect the production of Pv -Def peptide (of ~ 4 KDa) linked to the GST tag (~ 26 KDa) of an approximate total molecular weight ~30 KDa. (ekb.eg)

GENTAUR supplies anti-defensins, monclonals, polyclonals antisera and recombinant DEFs or peptides of defensin.Peptides short amino acid chains or epitopes or blocking antagonists. (b-defensin.com)
The pGEX -4 T -1 containing recombinant defensin (pGEX -4 T - 1 -Pv -Def) was transformed into the E. coli strain BL21. (ekb.eg)
Glutathione affinity chromatography method of purification yielded 3.7 mg/L of recombinant peptide. (ekb.eg)

To investigate the structure and activity relationship, amino acid substitutions that alter charge were introduced into synthetic defensin peptides by adding 2-2 Arg (RR) and Asp (DD) at both the terminal and tested their effects on HIV-1, E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. (sciencecentral.in)
In the present study, we have chemically synthesized native defensin peptides and their variants with Arg (RR) and Asp (DD) amino acid residues at N- and C-termini. (sciencecentral.in)
aa 24 - 64) also known as defensin beta 2 (DEFB-2), is a secreted, 41 amino acid residue anti-microbial protein belonging to the defensin family. (rndsystems.com)

BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence that antimicrobial peptides have an important role in cutaneous defence, but the expression of these antimicrobial peptides in atopic eczema (AE) is still unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
Evidence of the relationship between antimicrobial peptide expression and higher susceptibility to infections in AE skin is still emerging. (ox.ac.uk)
Expression of xenobiotic peptide in mice increases antimicrobial protection. (the-scientist.com)
Exploring Pleiotropic Functions of Canine β-Defensin 103: Nasal Cavity Expression, Antimicrobial Activity, and Melanocortin Receptor Activity. (antikoerper-online.de)
Radiotherapy for oral cancer decreases the cutaneous expression of host defence peptides. (antikoerper-online.de)
β-defensin-1 mRNA expression has been identified in the heart of mice (murine beta-defensin-1, mBD1), pig (porcine beta-defensin-1, pBD1), and horse (equine beta-defensin-1, eBD1). (vin.com)
Colonic MUC2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of Î²-defensin 2. (peprotech.com)

Epithelial β-defensins constitute a rapidly mobilized local defense against microbial intruders at the epithelial and mucosal surfaces, and different studies have reported induction of epithelial β-defensins at sites of inflammation, injury, infection as well as other disease processes. (vin.com)

In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered by cells overexpressing DEFB1 , suggesting that this may be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Some antimicrobial defensins also have enzyme inhibitory activity, and some DLPs function primarily as enzyme inhibitors, acting as antifeedants (discouraging animals from eating them). (wikipedia.org)

In addition to the defensins involved in host defence, there are a number of related Defensin-Like Peptides (DLPs) that have evolved to have other activities. (wikipedia.org)

citation needed] Vertebrate defensins are primarily α-defensins and β-defensins. (wikipedia.org)

With over 25 years of peptide manufacturing experience, AnaSpec is your trusted source of highly complex peptides. (anaspec.com)
AnaSpec manufactures many categories of peptides in Fremont, California, USA. (anaspec.com)

β-defensins are expressed on some leukocytes and at epithelial surfaces. (peprotech.com)

Developing novel antiviral therapies based on antimicrobial peptides may provide improved treatment options for patients with AE. (ox.ac.uk)
The antimicrobial peptide, β-defensin-1, has antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that β-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)

The α-defensins had dose-dependent bactericidal activity, whereas they showed no synergistic effect on the antimicrobial actions of antibiotics. (elsevierpure.com)

till polypeptides that are long, continuous, and unbranched synthetic peptide chains. (b-defensin.com)
The use of synthetic peptides approved by the health authorities for vaccine, for cancer, and in drug delivery systems is increasing with these developments. (intechopen.com)
Then the synthetic peptide vaccine application of peptides was reviewed. (intechopen.com)

Defensins (alpha and beta) are cationic peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that comprise an important arm of the innate immune system. (peprotech.com)

The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
More recently, however, β-defensins have also been identified in the heart of different species. (vin.com)
Both beta-defensins and their signaling molecules, Toll-Like Receptors, have been identified in the heart of various species. (vin.com)

Theta defensins form a single beta-hairpin structure and represent a distinct group. (wikipedia.org)

They are host defense peptides, with members displaying either direct antimicrobial activity, immune signaling activities, or both. (wikipedia.org)
Previously we identified a unique five-cysteine defensin-related peptide (Defr1) that, when synthesized, is a mixture of dimeric isoforms and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (ed.ac.uk)
The At3g59930 peptide had only weak antimicrobial activity against Botrytis cinerea. (bvsalud.org)

The defensin cDNA was successfully obtained from the total RNA extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Cv. (ekb.eg)

The aim of this book chapter is to review the recent developments in the use of peptides in the diagnosis of drug and vaccine systems and to present them to the reader with commercially available illustrations. (intechopen.com)

Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epith. (researchgate.net)

Only alpha and beta-defensins are expressed in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Publication: Mouse beta-defensin 3 is an inducible antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epithelia of multiple organs. (michael-nehls.de)
beta-Defensin 2 " has 2 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)
Peptides are produced that contain components to kill bacteria such as cathelocidin and beta defensin 4. (holtorfmed.com)

They include variants with only four cysteines, whereas defensins from eukaryote defensins almost all have six or eight. (wikipedia.org)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science3

Cathelicidin5

Range of antimicrobial peptides1

Cathelicidins3

Proteins8

Sequence8

Synthesis7

Microbicidal5

Genes3

Neutrophils1

ALPHA-DEFENSINS1

Neutrophil2

Cysteine-rich4

Small cationic4

Mammalian2

Disulfide3

Bacterial3

Gene4

Pathogens3

Cryptdins1

Human9

Therapeutics1

AMPs2

Innate immunity2

Found in mammals1

Antibodies2

Recombinant3

Amino acid3

Expression7

Mucosal1

Regulates1

Inhibitors1

Host defence1

Citation1

AnaSpec2

Epithelial surfaces1

Antiviral3

Antibiotics1

Synthetic3

Broad-spectrum1

Species3

Theta1

Activity3

CDNA1

Vaccine1

Defense1

Beta4

Cysteines1