Line of defenseBacteriaInnateStyle QuestionnaireSurvivalNonspecificAntimicrobialPathogensBacteriumPathwaysProtective mechanismsMetabolicEnzymeHumansUnconsciousDifferencesExpressionPredatorsFreudMolecularStudyStrategiesOrganismsSubstancesFeelingsCellEffectiveHumanProtectWhite bloodFormProductionMembranePhysicalPainNaturalServeDevelop
- This is accomplished by the first line of defense-chemical and physical surface barriers. (schoolbag.info)
- The second line of defense consists of internal cellular and chemical defenses that become active if the surface barriers are penetrated. (schoolbag.info)
- The third line of defense is the immune response, which destroys specific targets (usually disease-causing organisms) and remembers those targets so that a quick response can be mounted if they enter the body again. (schoolbag.info)
- We acquire the third line of defense, the immune response, which is an adaptive, specific mechanism of defense. (schoolbag.info)
- The skin and mucous membranes that form the first line of defense are physical barriers that help keep foreign substances from entering the body (Figure 13.2). (schoolbag.info)
- The body's first line of defense consists of physical and chemical barriers that serve as innate, nonspecific defenses against any threats to our well-being. (schoolbag.info)
- Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the forefront of innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. (nih.gov)
- Macrophages have evolved a myriad of defense strategies to combat infection with intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
- This review provides an overview of innate immune defense of macrophages directed against intracellular bacteria with a focus on M. tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
- Scientists have combined chemistry and biology research techniques to explain how certain bacteria grow structures on their surfaces that allow them to simultaneously cause illness and protect themselves from the body's defenses. (redorbit.com)
- Professor Ray Dixon and his research team from Georgia Institute of Technology, US and the John Innes Center, UK have found a mechanism by which the pathogenic bacteria defends itself from the defense mechanism of the host. (medindia.net)
- The researchers feel that by finding a mechanism by which the activation of NorR is prevented, it is possible to find new therapeutics and drugs for controlling food poisoning bacteria, which has showed an increase in drug resistance. (medindia.net)
- Bacteria possess an ingenious mechanism for preventing oxygen from harming the building blocks of the cell. (phys.org)
- Overall, this study reports an unexpected role for MCs during infection with intracellular bacteria and suggests that MC response to C. burnetii infection is a protective defense mechanism during pregnancy. (asm.org)
- We propose that bacteria-dependent cleavage of lacritin releases a potent gram negative and positive bactericidal activity that functions under physiological conditions in a synergistic mechanism with other antimicrobial factors found in human tear film. (arvojournals.org)
- We are born with these defense mechanisms, so they are described as innate responses. (schoolbag.info)
- One resource used to evaluate these mechanisms is the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). (scribd.com)
- Using samples of 517 women and 124 men, this study aimed to examine the extent to which a proxy of the DFS model of defence mechanisms, and the model underlying the Defense Style Questionnaire, can be adequately applied to men and women. (ijpsy.com)
- On the other hand, M. tuberculosis, as a prime example of a well-adapted facultative intracellular bacterium, has learned during evolution to counter-balance the host's immune defense strategies to secure survival or multiplication within this otherwise hostile environment. (nih.gov)
- As predator and prey are locked in an arms race for survival, the prey develop defense mechanisms and strategies to avoid becoming lunch. (sciforums.com)
- Thus, our results show that HG sustains TXNIP up-regulation in Muller glia and evokes a program of cellular defense/survival mechanisms that ultimately lead to oxidative stress, ER stress/inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
- Changes occur in almost every mechanism supporting cell survival, including cell growth-promoting pathways, apoptosis, developmental pathways, DNA damage repair, and endocytosis. (aspetjournals.org)
- however, the mechanisms enabling its survival in the host are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, the first and second lines of defense consist of nonspecific mechanisms that are effective against any foreign organisms or substances. (schoolbag.info)
- This study showed a new and effective antimicrobial mechanism of MCs against Coxiella burnetii , an intracellular bacterium whose infection during pregnancy is associated with abortion, preterm labor, and stillbirth. (asm.org)
- In general, phenolics participate in pre-formed defenses (toxins, cell wall associated compounds) as well as in active defense reactions (antimicrobial phytoalexins). (biomedcentral.com)
- Numerous pathogens contain an 'internal time bomb', a deadly mechanism that can be used against them. (phys.org)
- Taken together, our results suggest that MCs use an extracellular sophisticated mechanism of defense to eliminate intracellular pathogens, such as C. burnetii , before their entry into host cells. (asm.org)
- The three lines of defense against pathogens are summarized in Figure 13.1. (schoolbag.info)
- The researchers found that E. coli produces a protein called NorR which contains a iron molecule which binds to the nitric oxide produced by the host and protects the bacterium against host defense. (medindia.net)
- Its effectiveness seems to be due to the unique properties of cisplatin, which enters cells via multiple pathways and forms multiple different DNA-platinum adducts while initiating a cellular self-defense system by activating or silencing a variety of different genes, resulting in dramatic epigenetic and/or genetic alternations. (aspetjournals.org)
- These findings add to the information about the role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the evolution of plant defense mechanisms against insect pests and provide substantial potential for the functional characterization of several not yet resolved alternative pathways in plant defenses. (biomedcentral.com)
- With respect to the protective mechanisms of gastroduodenal mucosa, the concept of prostaglandin cytoprotection or the role of free radicals would be of great importance. (nii.ac.jp)
- Drought also expedites the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a cascade of antioxidative defense mechanisms, and affects many other metabolic processes as well as affecting gene expression. (springer.com)
- Marine algae utilize secondary metabolic products in order to provide themselves with a form of chemical defense against micro-organisms and predators. (eurekalert.org)
- We examined if HG-induced TXNIP expression evokes host defense mechanisms in rMC1 in response to metabolic abnormalities. (hindawi.com)
- Chakraborty U, Pradhan B (2012) Oxidative stress in five wheat varieties ( Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to water stress and study of their antioxidant enzyme defense system, water stress responsive metabolites and H 2 O 2 accumulation. (springer.com)
- Why haven't other animals developed effective defense mechanisms against humans? (sciforums.com)
- So why is it that despite the pressure from humans, animals seem incapable of developing an effective defense to fool, scare, fend off, and kill humans or even, as far fetched as it may seem, cancel out our technological advantage? (sciforums.com)
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological strategies brought into play by various entities to cope with reality and to maintain self-image. (scribd.com)
- To reduce these negative feelings, the ego might use defense mechanisms (conscious or unconscious blockage of the id impulses). (scribd.com)
- This process ranges from fully conscious (e.g. to present an external defense against ridicule from others) to mostly unconscious (e.g. to create a block against internal feelings of guilt or shame). (wikipedia.org)
- The significance of the molecular differences in the defense mechanisms of eggs and fry are unknown. (nii.ac.jp)
- DNA Methylation: A Defense Mechanism Against the Expression of Foreign DNA? (springer.com)
- This study aimed to reveal the mechanism controlling TpxD expression under H 2 O 2 stress. (frontiersin.org)
- The African crested rat is a fascinating example of how a species can evolve a unique set of defenses in response to pressure from predators," said study co-author Tim O'Brien of the Wildlife Conservation Society in a WCS release Tuesday. (ehspest.com)
- Dissociation IS a defense mechanism, at least according to Freud. (city-data.com)
- These are the building blocks for cells and form the molecular mechanisms of life. (phys.org)
- Furthermore, the mechanisms of endogenous prostaglandin production have been revealed by employing this system from the standpoint of molecular biology. (nii.ac.jp)
- The importance of specialized phenolic compounds for plant chemical defense has been the subject of intensive study in angiosperms ([ 11 , 12 ]), however, knowledge in gymnosperm lineages is sparse. (biomedcentral.com)
- Defense mechanisms are sometimes confused with coping strategies. (scribd.com)
- For poplar, gene families involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis exhibit an expansion and diversification in comparison to short-lived annuals [ 14 ], suggesting diversification of chemical defense strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
- What we have here is an environmentally compatible component of a new generation of anti-fouling coatings that simulate the natural defense systems employed by marine organisms. (eurekalert.org)
- Defense Mechanisms in Eggs and Fry by Immunological Substances from Mother Fish. (nii.ac.jp)
- In psychology and logic, rationalization or rationalisation (also known as making excuses) is a defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable-or even admirable and superior-by plausible means. (wikipedia.org)
- a protective defense mechanism and a very important and effective one. (coursera.org)
- human ego defense mechanism. (scribd.com)
- Pain is one of the main defense mechanisms of the human body. (coursera.org)
- The purpose of ego defense mechanisms is to protect the mind/self/ego from anxiety, social sanctions or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot currently cope. (scribd.com)
- When anxiety becomes too overwhelming, it is then the place of the ego to employ defense mechanisms to protect the individual. (scribd.com)
- We were introduced to white blood cells and their roles in body defenses. (schoolbag.info)
- In trees, a substantial amount of carbon is directed towards production of phenolics for development and defense. (biomedcentral.com)
- The mechanism of bactericidal activity involves rapid membrane permeabilization. (arvojournals.org)
- An ego defense mechanism becomes pathological only when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behavior such that the physical and/or mental health of the individual is adversely affected. (scribd.com)
- Is pain truly a defense mechanism? (coursera.org)
- if pain remain protective defense mechanism under all circumstances? (coursera.org)
- This natural defense process has been mimicked by the Mainz-based team of chemists using nanoparticles of cerium dioxide. (eurekalert.org)
- Does it still serve as a defense mechanism? (coursera.org)
- Can you develop dissociative personality disorder as a kind of defense mechanism? (city-data.com)