Defective hiv provirus proviruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most proviruses persisting in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are defective. (nature.com)
Although HIV infection can be suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART), latent HIV-1 proviruses persist in the genomes of long-lived CD4+ T cells in people living with HIV 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Although an HIV-1 infection can be effectively treated, its cure is impeded by the persistence of the latent HIV-1 reservoir, which is invisible to the host immune surveillance and unsusceptible to antiretroviral therapy. (usz.ch)
Antiretroviral therapy has turned a deadly infection with HIV-1 into a chronic life-long disease. (usz.ch)
If antiretroviral therapy is stopped or interrupted, some proviruses can reactivate, allowing HIV to make copies of itself and resume infection of other immune cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
HIV can persist in a latent form as integrated DNA (provirus) in resting CD4 + T cells of infected individuals and as such is unaffected by antiretroviral therapy (ART). (bvsalud.org)
The latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) and precludes cure. (bvsalud.org)
Do HIV-specific CTL continue to have an antiviral function during antiretroviral therapy? (frontiersin.org)
Pharmacological reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression from latent proviruses coupled with fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been suggested as a strategy to eradicate HIV infection. (frontiersin.org)
McManus M, Henderson J, Gautam A, Brody R, Weiss ER, Persaud D, Mick E, Luzuriaga K, Investigators P. Quantitative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Antibodies Correlate With Plasma HIV-1 RNA and Cell-associated DNA Levels in Children on Antiretroviral Therapy. (umassmed.edu)
Cell-free residual HIV-1 virions (RVs) persist in plasma below 20-50 vRNA copies/ml in most patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). (biomedcentral.com)
The major obstacle to cure of HIV type-1 infection is the presence of the HIV reservoir, hidden from the immune system and insensitive to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). (biomedcentral.com)

Ho has an additional R61 grant from NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse to understand how medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder impacts the reactivation of HIV provirus for those infected with HIV to reduce the likelihood of reseeding illness. (wikipedia.org)

These findings show that the vast majority of HIV-1 proviruses within expanded T cell clones, including intact proviruses, may be transcriptionally silent at any given time, implying that infected T cells may be able to be activated to proliferate without inducing the expression of the integrated provirus or, alternatelively, may be able to proliferate without cellular activation. (frontiersin.org)
Latent HIV-1 proviruses are transcriptionally silent. (usz.ch)
The main hurdle towards a cure of HIV-1 is the presence of the HIV-1 latent reservoir, which is defined as transcriptionally inactive, integrated HIV-1 proviruses that persist life-long in the human body, hidden from the immune system. (usz.ch)
An intrinsic limitation of these assays is the fact that while the production of ca-RNA reflects transcriptionally competent provirus, it also detects defective genomes that can be partially or entirely transcribed. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)

was also a source of persistent viremia on ART, begging the question of how the AMBI-1 clone can survive despite infection with a replication-competent, actively-expressing provirus. (frontiersin.org)
Her finding presents an obstacle to anti-retroviral therapies currently used to treat HIV infection, which only target actively replicating virus rather than those proviruses laying dormant in host genomes, which have the potential to reseed infection. (wikipedia.org)
CAR T cells have proven highly effective against certain blood cancers, but less so against HIV-partly because they are susceptible to infection and destruction by the virus. (amfar.org)
Most invariant (i) NKT cells do not carry the CD4 protein on their surface and thus should be resistant to HIV infection. (amfar.org)
Senior study investigator Robert Siliciano, M.D., Ph.D., who in 1995 first showed that reservoirs of dormant HIV were present in immune cells, says that while the latest study results show most proviruses in the latent reservoir are defective, curing the disease will depend on finding a way to target all proviruses with the potential to restart the infection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Study results showed that among 213 HIV proviruses isolated from the reservoirs of eight patients and initially unresponsive to highly potent biological stimuli, some 12 percent could later still become active, and were capable of replicating their genetic material and transmitting infection to other cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In addition, intact HIV-1 and SIV genomes undergo complex, multiphasic decay observable when new infection events are blocked by ART. (bvsalud.org)
Similar to other retroviruses, BLV integrates into the host genome as a provirus and induces lifelong infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection. (jamanetwork.com)
Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. (jamanetwork.com)
HIV infection is efficiently controlled but not cured by Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) (Deeks et al. (europa.eu)
The success of clinical trials aiming to eradicate latent reservoirs of HIV infection may therefore depend on the presence of functional HIV-specific CTL in patients who have experienced several years of ART. (frontiersin.org)
Four distinct lines of evidence indicate that CTL limit HIV replication in both the acute and chronic phase of untreated HIV infection. (frontiersin.org)
For each of these types of evidence, I will briefly summarize what the approach has revealed about the CTL response during untreated HIV infection, then review the relevant data in patients on ART, in order to assess to what extent HIV-specific CTL continue to have an antiviral function during ART. (frontiersin.org)
In untreated HIV infection, associations between HLA genetic polymorphism and disease progression were identified in several studies, using both candidate gene (reviewed in Carrington and O'Brien, 2003 ), and genome-wide strategies ( The International HIV Controllers Study, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
HIV is a virus that inserts its own DNA into the host DNA upon infection. (hivcure.com.au)

As a result, the latent reservoir has largely been thought to be defective. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, these mutant proviruses were thought to be defective and therefore harmless, but Ho and her colleagues demonstrated that at least some of these mutants produce proteins the host immune system recognizes as HIV. (wikipedia.org)
Siliciano says that all of these non-induced proviruses had previously been thought to be defective, with no possible role in resumption of the disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

HIV-1 proviruses can persist during ART in clonally-expanded populations of CD4+ T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Significance statement: HIV can persist in a latent reservoir unaffected by antiretroviral drugs. (bvsalud.org)

We show that intact SHIV genomes in circulating CD4+ T cells undergo biphasic decay during the first year of ART, with a rapid first phase (t1/2 = 30.1 d) and a slower second phase (t1/2 = 8.1 mo) that is still more rapid that the slow decay observed in people with HIV-1 on long-term ART (t1/2 = 3.7 y). (bvsalud.org)
can reactivate HIV expression from latent proviral genomes. (frontiersin.org)

The persistence of HIV in treated patients results from the establishment of a viral reservoir insensitive to ART and poorly visible to the immune system. (europa.eu)
Thus, understanding HIV persistence and developing drugs able to flush out HIV, in order to achieve viral eradication or "sterilizing cure" remain outstanding challenges. (europa.eu)
Indeed, we were successful in identifying key regulators of HIV persistence and permissiveness. (europa.eu)
2011). Addressing the source of HIV persistence is required to achieve a cure for HIV. (europa.eu)
Thus, targeting the sources of HIV persistence is required to achieve HIV cure in addition to ART. (europa.eu)
Nonetheless, persistence of the HIV reservoir over time, in the presence of cART, has yet to be analyzed in this in vivo model. (biomedcentral.com)

In a cover-story report on the research to be published in the journal Cell online Oct. 24, Johns Hopkins infectious disease experts say the amount of potentially active, dormant forms of HIV hiding in infected immune T cells may actually be 60-fold greater than previously thought. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
That approach refers to forcing dormant proviruses to "turn back on," making them "visible" and vulnerable to the immune system's cytolytic "killer" T cells, and then eliminating every last infected cell from the body while antiretroviral drugs prevent any new cells from becoming infected. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
She says the team's original method of calculating only reactivated proviruses yielded numbers that were 300-fold lower than a DNA-based technique used to gauge how many total proviral copies, both dormant and reactivated, are present. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This "provirus" can remain dormant, or latent, for a long time. (hivcure.com.au)

During that time, she continued to characterize proviruses in the latent reservoir. (wikipedia.org)

To date, few examples of an expanded clones containing replication-competent proviruses exist, although it is suspected to be common. (frontiersin.org)
With the increasing number of therapeutic strategies tested in humans to reduce the size of the latent reservoir, the development of a robust, precise and clinical trial scalable assay that measures the frequency of infected cells carrying inducible replication-competent HIV is urgently needed. (biomedcentral.com)
The size of the pool of cells carrying replication-competent HIV is largely overestimated by DNA assays, as a result of a large proportion of defective viruses, and underestimated by co-culture outgrowth assays. (biomedcentral.com)

However, higher fractions and levels of RNA were found in cells with proviruses containing multiple drug resistance mutations, including those contributing to rebound viremia. (frontiersin.org)
Other intriguing findings are differences in the continuous accumulation of majority mutations, i.e., fixation of viral variants in HIV-1 populations, and the different dynamics of viral diversity in the two environments. (usz.ch)
We are working on determining the prevalence and recent trends in the emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations in untreated HIV patients from Cameroon, using a Next-Generation Sequencing assay suitable for all HIV-1 subtypes. (usz.ch)
Second, we seek to target different regions of HIV-1 to excise crucial viral genes and/or to introduce mutations to render the provirus replication defective. (usz.ch)
Analysis of the remaining (88 percent of) non-induced proviruses showed that all were defective, possessing genetic deletions and mutations that would forestall viral replication. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Her research is supported by a National Institutes of Health R01 Research Grant awarded through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to study the clonal expansion of HIV-infected T cells, which can contribute to viral rebound if T cells containing intact provirus are activated, presenting an obstacle to HIV treatment. (wikipedia.org)
In this project, we will investigate in detail low level virus replication and clonal expansion of persistently HIV-1 infected cells from HIV-1 infected individuals, two potential driving forces of viral reservoir stability. (usz.ch)

If medical researchers are ever going to lure out and reactivate latent HIV, then we need to better understand exactly how much of it is really there," says Ho. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
When assayed by VOA, the relative distribution of clones is definitely dynamic in that the number of cells that reactivate a specific latent provirus regularly differs between time points (17, 22). (koeki-data.org)

She has collaborated with Akiko Iwasaki's laboratory at Yale to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of HIV latency. (wikipedia.org)
We are interested in the genomic organisation, diversity & evolution of HIV-1 and their consequences on pathogenesis, drug resistance, latency, and transmission. (usz.ch)
Our current research projects comprise investigations on (1) the evolution of HIV-1 and the mechanisms of viral escape from the selective pressure of antiretroviral drugs (2) identifying factors underlying latency and the impact of HIV-1 integration sites on pathogenesis, and (3) the development of gene therapy approaches to combat HIV-1. (usz.ch)
Here, we demonstrated the stability of this reservoir in humanized mice irrespective of the length of cART, confirming the relevancy of this model for HIV latency eradication investigations. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, hu-mice represent a very valuable HIV latency model. (biomedcentral.com)
However, this model has yet to be validated for some key aspects of HIV latency such as for its stability over time. (biomedcentral.com)
Two recent papers in PLoS Pathogens report that combinations of candidate latency-reversing agents can potently activate HIV production by latently infected CD4 T cells in laboratory experiments. (hivcure.com.au)

New culture methods that measure the inducible HIV reservoir have been proposed as alternate assays to estimate the size of the HIV reservoir. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we observed a correlation between the percentage of splenic human CD4+ T-cells with total HIV DNA, between the number of human CD38 + CD8+ T-cells in the spleen with the amount of integrated HIV DNA, and eventually between the hCD4/hCD8 ratio in the spleen with integrated as well as total HIV DNA implying that the CD8+ T cells influence the size of the HIV reservoir. (biomedcentral.com)

These assays designate proviral DNA as intact or defective based on hybridization of PCR-amplified proviral DNA to probes in two to five relatively conserved locations on the HIV-1 genome. (nature.com)
When host T cells are activated, the latent provirus can become induced to release active virus, though the vast majority of them do not due to mutation events while incorporated in the host genome. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of the infectious cycle, viruses reach target lymphocytes by cell-to-cell transfer and establish by entry of viral single-stranded RNA, reverse transcription of the viral RNA, integration as a provirus into the host genome, expression of viral proteins, and budding of new virions. (biomedcentral.com)
Rabbit Polyclonal to IRAK2 a near full-size HIV-1 genome is definitely expected because a portion of defective proviruses retains undamaged (21). (koeki-data.org)

At Johns Hopkins, she worked in the laboratory of Robert F. Siliciano studying the human immunodeficiency virus's (HIV) interactions with the CD4+ T cells the virus targets and infects. (wikipedia.org)
Siliciano, a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator, says his team's latest study findings pose a serious problem to prevailing hopes for the so-called "shock and kill" approach to curing HIV. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Siliciano says this new discovery could boost support for alternative approaches to a cure, including renewed efforts to develop a therapeutic vaccine to stimulate immune system cells that attack and kill all HIV. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The genetic variation of this latent virus population is a major obstacle for eradication efforts, but also a clue to when HIV variants are deposited in the reservoirs. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, for interventions tested during 2nd phase decay, a caveat is that the intervention may not be equally effective in people with HIV on long-term ART whose reservoirs are dominated by latently infected cells with a slower decay rate. (bvsalud.org)
If this is due to functional impairment or a quantitative deficit of HIV-specific CTL during ART, then therapeutic vaccination may improve the prospects for eradicating latent reservoirs. (frontiersin.org)
However, data from the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model indicate that in vivo , SIV-specific CTL are only effective during the early stages of the viral replication cycle, and this constitutes an alternative explanation why HIV-specific CTL do not appear to have an impact on HIV reservoirs during ART. (frontiersin.org)

Highest levels of HIV-1 RNA were found in the effector memory (EM) T cell subset. (frontiersin.org)

This discovery will certainly open new research avenues towards the characterization, control and eradication of the latent HIV reservoir. (europa.eu)

They were also encouraged to target both fully functional proviruses and the vast majority that are defective, since these can lead to inflammation that causes serious health conditions, even if they can't produce new viruses. (amfar.org)

The hidden HIV, researchers say, is part of the so-called latent reservoir of functional proviruses that remains long after antiretroviral drug therapy has successfully brought viral replication to a standstill. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In the field of HIV cure research, the prospect of being able to excise the virus wherever it has inserted itself into host DNA is a tantalizing one. (amfar.org)
This discovery will likely have a tremendous impact on the research conducted in the field of HIV cure both at basic and therapeutic approaches. (europa.eu)

They found that the protein Apobec3A blocks HIV reactivation by binding to the region of HIV DNA that would otherwise allow the virus to replicate. (wikipedia.org)
Further lab experiments on the cloned proviruses showed that the intact, non-induced proviruses could be reconstructed to produce active virus, which in turn could replicate in human immune cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Using a combination of molecular and genetic techniques, however, Ho found that the latent HIV provirus reservoir persists at much higher levels than previously believed. (wikipedia.org)

Both assays admitted similar ratios of intact to total HIV DNA, but IPDA found ~40-fold more intact proviruses. (nature.com)
We conclude that sensitive multi-probe assays combined with specific nfl-verified assays would be optimal to document absolute and changing levels of intact HIV proviruses. (nature.com)
In these induction assays, CD4 + T cells from virally suppressed individuals are activated and HIV RNA is measured in cell extracts or cell supernatants. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we summarize the principle and outcomes of these assays and discuss the potential of these methods in the evaluation of HIV eradication strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
These are the quickest and easiest assays to measure the frequency of HIV-infected cells, but they largely overestimate the size of the reservoir by detecting defective proviruses [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Another significant advantage of inducible HIV RNA assays is that they do not rely on a virus propagation step by co-culture, which may be a limiting step of the QVOA. (biomedcentral.com)
The term latent reservoir is primarily reserved for latently infected cells which retain the capacity to produce infectious virus particles [ 20 ] and requires assays measuring virus particle production or transcribed HIV mRNA following activation of latently HIV-infected cells [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) 17 targets the HIV-1 Packaging Signal (Ψ) and the Envelope/Rev Responsive Element (RRE). (nature.com)
and as this inevitably occurs in a normal environment, HIV replication continually reignites from the smoldering ember of proviral DNA, leading to rebound viremia and a resumption of disease progression when ART is discontinued. (frontiersin.org)

A major obstacle to an HIV cure is the lack of a biomarker to differentiate reservoir cells from healthy, uninfected cells. (amfar.org)

The partners in this collaborative research project consortium have long-term expertise in studying HIV-1/SIV replication and pathogenesis. (europa.eu)
Here we explored the intricate network between the HIV reservoir and its potential impact on HIV pathogenesis in HIV-infected hu-mice. (biomedcentral.com)

In the latest study, researchers sequenced, or spelled out, the entire genetic code of HIV proviruses that reactivated and those that could not be induced to do so. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
To reexamine the genetic variation of HIV in CD4 + T cells during ART, we determined the divergence in envelope sequences collected from 10 SIV infected rhesus macaques. (bvsalud.org)

The major breakthrough is the identification of a biomarker of HIV persistent cells in vivo. (europa.eu)
and (4) ability of CTL to inhibit HIV replication ex vivo . (frontiersin.org)
The intermittent but prolonged detection of this replication-defective HIV variant in the patient′s plasma among other viral populations strongly suggests that this variant is released from highly stable productively infected cells present in vivo during therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Her research centers on the interaction between HIV and the host's immune system with the ultimate goal of curing HIV/AIDS. (wikipedia.org)
NEW YORK, August 4, 2021 - amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, has awarded approximately $600,000 in new funding to researchers pioneering gene therapy approaches to target and eliminate the HIV reservoir-the primary barrier to a cure-with far greater specificity than is currently possible. (amfar.org)
About amfAR amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research, is one of the world's leading nonprofit organizations dedicated to the support of AIDS research, HIV prevention, treatment education, and advocacy. (amfar.org)
Comparison of risk and age at diagnosis of myocardial infarction, end-stage renal disease, and non-AIDS-defining cancer in HIV-infected versus uninfected adults. (jamanetwork.com)
Major advances in HIV/AIDS treatment regimens have fundamentally altered the natural history of the disease and sharply reduced HIV-related morbidity and mortality in countries where such treatments are accessible. (europa.eu)
The Australasian HIV&AIDS Conference (commonly known as ASHM after the organiser, the Australasian Society for HIV Medicine) was held online from 16-20 November 2020. (hivcure.com.au)
The HIV Cure & Cancer Forum brought cancer and HIV researchers together in Paris, as a prelude to the International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science. (hivcure.com.au)

However, rarer intact proviruses almost always reinitiate viral rebound if ART stops. (nature.com)
Therefore, assessing therapies to prevent viral rebound hinges on specifically quantifying intact proviruses. (nature.com)

We aim to utilize the state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in two different strategies to uncover and eliminate these latently HIV-1 infected cells. (usz.ch)
In the first approach, we aim to activate the latent proviruses by using a CRISPR activation system. (usz.ch)

We found that 2.3% of cells within the AMBI-1 clone contained unspliced HIV-1 RNA. (frontiersin.org)
The fraction of cells within clones that contained HIV-1 RNA was not different in clones with intact (median 2.3%) versus defective (median 3.5%) proviruses ( p = 0.2). (frontiersin.org)
In its request for proposals, amfAR charged researchers with devising creative ways of using the provirus-HIV that has integrated into a host cell's DNA-to flag the presence of HIV and to zero in on reservoir cells. (amfar.org)
The interventions will be tested in HIV-infected mice populated with human immune cells and are designed to target only those cells that are infected with HIV. (amfar.org)
Unlike conventional T cells, there is little variability in iNKT cells among the human population, so it may be possible to design "off the shelf" CAR-iNKT cells that would work in most people with HIV, rather than having to manufacture CAR T cells from each individual patient. (amfar.org)
Lead study investigator and Johns Hopkins postdoctoral fellow Ya-Chi Ho, M.D., Ph.D., says the team's investigation of "the true size" of the latent reservoir was prompted by a large discrepancy between the two established techniques for measuring how much provirus is in immune system cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Quantifying the frequency of cells harbouring persistent HIV is critical to evaluating strategies to eliminate them, but the low frequency of these cells makes this extremely challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
In order for this strategy to be effective, latently infected cells must be killed either by the cytopathic effect of reactivated HIV gene expression, or by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
However, a review of current data reveals little evidence that CTL retain an antiviral effector capacity in patients on fully suppressive ART, implying that the HIV-specific CTL present in these patients will not be able to eliminate HIV-infected CD4 + T cells effectively. (frontiersin.org)
In that case, immunotoxins that target HIV-expressing cells may be a more promising approach for HIV eradication. (frontiersin.org)
However, this strategy for the eradication of HIV hinges on the assumption that latently infected cells will be killed by the reactivation of latent proviruses, either as a result of cytopathic effects of HIV gene expression, or through lysis by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
The vDNA clones, when transfected into TZM-bl cells, released HIV-p24 into the culture media at extremely low levels. (biomedcentral.com)
The potential implication of this observation is that the elimination of such productively infected cells that contribute to residual viremia during suppressive therapy could be an important first step towards achieving a cure for HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, we also found correlates between the frequency of CD4+ T-cells, their activation status and viral parameters, which were analogous to the ones in HIV-infected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, we quantified the HIV DNA in hu-mice treated for different length with cART and explored whether it correlated with the viral load before cART, the number of target cells and immune activation markers. (biomedcentral.com)
WHAT: Scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have created a protein that awakens resting immune cells infected with HIV and facilitates their destruction in laboratory studies. (hivcure.com.au)

To address this question, we determined the fraction of HIV-1 proviruses within the AMBI-1 clone that expresses unspliced cell-associated RNA during ART and compared this fraction to 33 other infected T cell clones within the same individual. (frontiersin.org)

We will explicitly use the term HIV reservoir as measuring HIV DNA will capture defective as well as infectious HIV particles [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle, integrates into host DNA as a provirus, and induces malignant B-cell lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that the incorporation of this point mutation by itself could cause defects in the replication of a standard HIV strain (JRCSF) in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)

She found that proteins derived from mutant proviruses upon CD4+ T cell activation elicit an immune response from cytotoxic T cell. (wikipedia.org)

This is the first identification of a natural point mutation (GU-to-GC) in the conserved 5′-MSD motif of HIV genomic RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

The model also demonstrates how misclassification can lead to underestimated efficacy of therapies that exclusively reduce intact proviruses. (nature.com)

Inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals. (jamanetwork.com)
Do biomarkers of inflammation, monocyte activation, and altered coagulation explain excess mortality between HIV infected and uninfected people? (jamanetwork.com)
Arterial inflammation in patients with HIV. (jamanetwork.com)
Cellular factors which play role in host defense mechanisms against HIV were identified and their role in HIV induced inflammation was established. (europa.eu)

To reconcile this difference, we modeled additional longitudinal IPDA data and showed that decelerating intact decay could arise from very long-lived intact proviruses and/or misclassified defective proviruses: slowly decaying defective proviruses that are intact in IPDA probe locations (estimated up to 5%, in agreement with sequence library based predictions). (nature.com)
If both regions are amplified within a single provirus, the sequence is said to be intact, and if only one of the two probes is positive the provirus is determined to be defective 17 . (nature.com)
Recognition of Intact Proviruses. (koeki-data.org)

Researchers have revealed the final results of the REDUC Part B clinical trial to reduce the HIV reservoir in a presentation at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in. (hivcure.com.au)

We're pleased to be supporting this impressive trio of research teams that are bringing a range of smart, creative approaches to the challenge of curing HIV," said amfAR Chief Executive Officer Kevin Robert Frost. (amfar.org)

In the so far longest serial passaging experiments of HIV-1 we discover interesting dynamics of HIV-1 evolution. (usz.ch)
Motivated by recent observations that the HIV-infected CD4 + T cell population is composed of short- and long-lived subsets, we developed a model to study the divergence dynamics. (bvsalud.org)

Humanized mouse models are a valuable tool for systematically assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in reducing the HIV reservoir. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent evidence shows that HIV sometimes integrates into these regions. (amfar.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms29

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes29

Information Science4

Health Care1

Antiretroviral therapy12

Reactivation of HIV provirus1

Transcriptionally5

Infection16

Thought to be defective3

Persist2

Genomes2

Persistence6

Dormant4

Characterize1

Replication-competent3

Mutations5

Clonal expansion2

Reactivate2

Latency7

Size of the HIV reservoir2

Genome4

Siliciano3

Reservoirs4

Subset1

Latent HIV reservoir1

Vast majority1

Functional1

Field of HIV cure2

Replicate2

Persists1

Assays7

Proviral2

Obstacle1

Pathogenesis2

Genetic2

Vivo3

AIDS7

Viral rebound2

CRISPR2

Cells16

Clones1

Infectious1

Infects1

Vitro1

Cytotoxic1

Genomic1

Therapies1

Inflammation4

Intact3

Researchers1

Approaches1

Dynamics2

Therapeutic1

Integrates1