Dead cell propidium iodide. Medical search. Frequent questions

Dead cells were excluded by staining with propidium iodide (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Px I-III KO cells are affected in mitochondrial matrix - but not outer membrane - immuno-staining. (elifesciences.org)
The application of established cell viability assays such as the commonly used trypan blue staining method to coral cells is not straightforward due to different culture parameters and different cellular features specific to mammalian cells compared to marine invertebrates. (nature.com)
They are ideally suited for nuclear staining in flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy applications in fixed cells, along with nucleic acid detection on solid supports and in electrophoresis applications. (thermofisher.com)
A widely used assay for staining dead cells is Trypan Blue. (dojindo.com)
However, Trypan Blue staining cannot be used to distinguish between healthy cells and cells that are alive but losing cell functions. (dojindo.com)
Apoptosis was detected by Annexin‑V/propidium iodide double staining using flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
Annexin V-PE/PI and PI staining were used to analyze cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, it has been shown that PI staining of adherent cells in biofilms may significantly underestimate bacterial viability because of the presence of extracellular nucleic acids. (aatbio.com)
ADAM-MC, the automated fluorescence cell counter, performs viability and cell counting measurements using the PI(Propidium Iodide) staining method of dead-cell staining combined with advanced image analysis. (usnetads.com)
Use this buffer whenever staining with NovaFluor conjugates, including single-color compensation controls using cells. (thermofisher.com)
We determine cell viability after Nucleofection® in two ways: 1) FACS determination of viable/dead cells by PROPIDIUM IODIDE STAINING. (lonza.com)
In addition, biofilms were grown in microscope coverslips treated as described above, followed by staining with Propidium Iodide and Fluoresceine for visualization with a confocal laser scanning microscopy. (bvsalud.org)

They are based on various cell functions such as enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability, cell adherence, ATP production, co-enzyme production, and nucleotide uptake activity. (dojindo.com)
Although the 3[H]thymidine-uptake assay is regarded as a reliable cell viability assay, the use of a radioisotope causes various concerns. (dojindo.com)
GraphPad Software San Diego CA). The primary measured end point for cell viability experiments was cell death defined as the uptake of propidium iodide. (biongenex.com)

Extraction from 9 parameters of KSO-SFE was screened for cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines using MTS assay. (hindawi.com)
Among the enzyme-based assays, the MTT assay is the best known for determining mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities in living cells. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, CCK-8 is stable for at least 6 months at room temperature and one year at 0-5°C. Since WST-8, WST-8 formazan, and 1-Methoxy PMS have no cytotoxicity in cell culture media, additional experiments may be carried out using the same assay plate. (dojindo.com)
The CCK-8 assay involves most of the dehydrogenase in a cell, while MTT only involves mitochondrial dehydrogenase. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, the MTT assay depends on mitochondrial activity, not the cell itself. (dojindo.com)
Cell Counting Kit-F is another cell viability assay kit based on the esterase activity of viable cells. (dojindo.com)
These esterase substrates, therefore, can serve as viability assay probes for cells. (dojindo.com)
Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting kit‑8 cell viability assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effects of fungal taxol against the human liver cancer cell line HepG2. (degruyter.com)
Putative CSCs were isolated from human melanoma cells of a different aggressiveness, Hs294T and A375 cell lines, grown under hypoxia using "sphere-forming assay", CD133 surface expression and migration ability. (oncotarget.com)
Furthermore, the antimicrobial abilities evaluated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ), Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) and Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) using the live/dead, MTT and colony-forming units (CFUs) assay. (peerj.com)
CCK-8 assay was performed to examine cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Corning scientists have done a similar assay with NK92 cells and a lung cancer cell line. (cellculturedish.com)
Cell migration was determined by Boyden chamber migration assay. (biomedcentral.com)

TYRO3 or AXL gene knockdown reduced cell proliferation/colony formation. (nature.com)
WSTs produce water-soluble formazans and are suitable for assays of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. (dojindo.com)
The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
GSK2606414 treatment inhibited RPE cell proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner, however it did not induce apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Alanine transition of S63 and S262 (S63A and S262A) of IκBα induced inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of p65 transcription activity. (researchsquare.com)
Functional experiments demonstrated that knockdown of PTTG3P inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis, acting as an oncogene. (biomedcentral.com)
In previously reports , Plasmodium vivax was found to be able to directly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in vitro cultures of erythroid cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells has demonstrated that P. vivax is able to directly inhibit erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previous studies have shown that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil inhibits the proliferation of both CRC and osteosarcoma cells, and induces the apoptosis of CRC cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although physiological methods responsible for augmented cell proliferation and Research Practice Partners, pain relief are unknown, well-controlled clinical trials have Miramar, FL 33027, USA demonstrated that low-level lasers provide therapeutic relief N. Mashtalir : N. V. Dhurandhar : O. Dubuisson : Y. Yu : of pain. (health-articles.net)
Biofilm formation occurs as a result of a sequence of events: microbial surface attachment, cell proliferation, matrix production and detachment 8 . (bvsalud.org)

During apoptosis, PS translocates to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and can be detected by flow cytometry and cell imaging through binding to fluorochrome-labeled annexin V when calcium is present. (bdbiosciences.com)
Since intracellular annexin V is also exposed if the plasma membrane is compromised, a membrane-impermeant dye such as 7-AAD is commonly used to distinguish between apoptotic and dead cells to exclude the dead cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
The populations of cells that are stained with annexin V only represent the apoptotic cell populations. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines treated with a low dose of cetuximab targeted gold nanoparticles. (bdbiosciences.com)

The formation of longitudinal axon tracts in the CNS is complex and requires a myriad of molecular signals and specialized cell types, such as intermediate target and guidepost cells. (jneurosci.org)
B ) Histograms of MitoTracker and propidium iodide signals of all single cells. (elifesciences.org)
This work presents the approach used to customize dye pairs for membrane integrity-based cell viability assays considering the species- and genotype-specific autofluorescence of scleractinian corals, namely: endogenous fluorescence characterization followed by the selection of dyes that do not overlap with endogenous signals. (nature.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
The CD3 subunit complex which is crucial in transducing antigen-recognition signals into the cytoplasm of T cells and in regulating the cell surface expression of the TCR complex. (thermofisher.cn)

Fluorescent indicator dyes (fluorophores) are most commonly used in biochemical and cell-based assays in vertebrate cell culture since fluorescence is more sensitive 3 and fluorescence is utilized in many instruments (microscopy, spectroscopy, flow cytometry). (nature.com)
Table 1 includes common fluorophores used to assess membrane integrity and distinguish between live and dead cells when conducting viability assays. (nature.com)
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays are used for drug screening and cytotoxicity tests of chemicals. (dojindo.com)
only lactate dehydrogenase does not lose its activity during cell death assays. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, cell death assays based on LDH activity are more reliable than other enzyme-based cell death assays. (dojindo.com)
Dehydrogenase-based assays reflect cell conditions with more sensitivity than the other assays because they depend on several elements including dehydrogenases, NAD(H), NADP(H), and mitochondrial activity. (dojindo.com)
Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion abilities. (biomedcentral.com)
No single parameter fully defines cell death in all systems, so it is advantageous to use several different apoptosis assays when studying apoptosis. (bitesizebio.com)
Paula has extensive experience in developing cell based assays. (cellculturedish.com)
Hilary has extensive experience with cancer cell migration, immune oncology assays and 3D cell culture. (cellculturedish.com)
Audrey has experience with cultures and applications of primary and engineered immune cells as well as with high throughput 2D and 3D assays. (cellculturedish.com)
This indispensable laboratory resource will enable all cell and developmental biologists, from the graduate level upward, to confidently carry out and comprehend a wide array of cell viability assays. (cshlpress.com)
With the addition of these new formats, more complex assays can be developed to look at apoptosis within heterogeneous cell subsets. (bdbiosciences.com)
In vitro assays were conducted to determine cell lysis, glycerol, and triglyceriderelease. (health-articles.net)

This can be used at 5μL (0.06μg) per test Our internal testing shows that NovaFluor Yellow 700 non-specifically stains B cells in SJL mice. (fishersci.com)
Invitrogen LIVE/DEAD Fixable Dead Cell stains are recommended for use with NovaFluor dyes. (fishersci.com)
These dyes bind to nucleic acids once inside the cell, while cell-impermeant dead cell stains, such as propidium iodide are excluded. (bitesizebio.com)

A ) Every hour viable cells were counted. (elifesciences.org)
After different times, viable cells were counted and the percentage relative to the start cell density was calculated. (elifesciences.org)
WSTs receive two electrons from viable cells to generate a yellow, orange, or purple formazan dye. (dojindo.com)
Therefore, after 1-4 hours of incubation with the CCK-8 solution, measurement of O.D. at 450 nm gives the number of viable cells. (dojindo.com)
Propidium iodide and Calcein-AM are used to distinguish dead and viable cells simultaneously. (dojindo.com)
Tissue necrosis caused by both oxidative stress and the inflammatory response further prevents nutrients and oxygen from reaching viable cells, which contributes to expanding the necrotic area and leads to implant failure [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

C ) BODIPY was added and after 2 hr incubation the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
Based on the significant antibacterial activity, the sorting of bacterial cells against the compounds (MID6 and MID9) was analyzed by flow cytometry. (degruyter.com)

Cell sorting is the process through which a particular cell type is separated from others contained in a sample on the basis of its physical or biological properties, such as size, morphological parameters, viability and both extracellular and intracellular protein expression. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence activated cell sorting utilizes flow cytometry to separate cells based on morphological parameters and the expression of multiple extracellular and intracellular proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular esterases then convert them into green fluorescent products, which are retained by cells. (dojindo.com)

To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that GSK2606414 has a potential antiproliferative effect in RPE cells in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
Disruption of PERK activity has been demonstrated to reduce hydroquinone-induced apoptosis and hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in human RPE cells in vitro ( 5 , 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Jeff has over 20 years' experience in cancer research, including using animal models as well as in vitro invasion and migration systems such as Corning® BioCoat™ Matrigel® Invasion Chambers and Corning FluoroBlok™ Cell Culture Inserts. (cellculturedish.com)
The aim of the present study was to identify whether P. gingivalis heat‑shock protein 60 (HSP60) induced the dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
Alpha-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid (α-TEA), an analog of vitamin E (RRR-alpha-tocopherol), is a potent and selective apoptosis-inducing agent for human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)

Ceramide-enriched lipid microdomains can be formed by increased amounts of ceramide in cell surface membranes which is regulated by sphingomyelinase (SMase) hydrolysis of raft-associated sphingomyelin to ceramide [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Researchers can use a variety of fluorescent dyes to design multi-color panels to achieve successful, simultaneous sorting of multiple, precisely defined cell-types. (wikipedia.org)
The most common dyes act by binding to antigens presented on cells. (wikipedia.org)
Do not use viability dyes such as propidium iodide, 7-actinomycin D (7-AAD) and DAPI. (fishersci.com)
Three monomeric cyanine dyes, PO-PRO™-1 , YO-PRO®-1 , and TO-PRO®-3 , enter apoptotic cells because of increased cell membrane permeability. (bitesizebio.com)

The use of trypan blue, a colorimetric, cell impermeant stain, to quantify cell death is the most reported method in relation to coral cell cultures despite its limitations. (nature.com)
The main issue with trypan blue is its capacity to bind to proteins in the cell suspension, not just that released by dead cells. (nature.com)

Both 2D monolayer and 3D neurospheres were successfully cultured and characterized for proliferative potential, intrinsic plasticity, presence of cancer stem cells and the expression of stem cell markers. (frontiersin.org)
Enrichment of cancer stem cells was observed in neurospheres by FACS using CD133 antibody and RT-PCR. (frontiersin.org)
A spontaneous cell line-like cell culture with high percentage of stem cells has been established from a DIG tumor for the first time. (frontiersin.org)
CAE induced a dose-dependent increase in cell migration and invasion and also in the expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD133, CD44, CD90). (springer.com)
Numerous mechanisms such as acquisition of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation characterized by self-renewal and differentiation abilities can explain HCC aggressiveness. (springer.com)
Tumors contain a sub-population of self-renewing and expanding cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). (oncotarget.com)
Indeed, a 5-year survival rate of advanced stage malignant melanoma is less than 10% and resistance to chemotherapy, most likely due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), is the major cause of treatment failure [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
This study describes the first comparative phosphoproteome analysis of growing erythroid cells (gECs), derived from human haematopoietic stem cells, exposed to lysates of infected erythrocytes (IE)/uninfected erythrocytes (UE) for 24, 48 and 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
We improved the antioxidative properties of ECM-based bioroots with higher glutathione contents in dental follicle stem cells (DFCs) by pretreating cells or loading scaffolds with the antioxidant NAC. (biomedcentral.com)
They closely interact with endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in distinct niches of the adult brain. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The contributors describe strategies for identifying and evaluating the biochemical and morphological changes that occur during apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and other forms of cell death, as well as for pinpointing the genes and proteins that may be involved. (cshlpress.com)
Active caspases can then cleave many proteins, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), other caspases and other protein substrates en masse. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)

We also show that recombinant adenovirus vaccination induced T cell responses to the same epitopes, and led to memory T cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

We normally analyze transfection efficiency in living cells by FACS: We first exclude cellular debris by. (lonza.com)

It is also possible to combine Corning 96HTS inserts with the Corning spheroid microplate in order to look at immune cell migration/invasion towards the cancer organoid. (cellculturedish.com)
This study determines the effects of krill oil extract on the migration of human CRC cells, and its potential role in modulating EGFR signalling pathway and the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (biomedcentral.com)
Certain studies show that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ( 13 , 14 ), which significantly enhances trans-endothelial migration of inflammatory cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Methods of cell sorting fall into two major categories: fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunomagnetic cell sorting. (wikipedia.org)
Due to many years of refinement and increased demand for cell separation however, researchers are working to develop microfluidic sorting devices that have many benefits in comparison to the main types of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunomagnetic cell sorting methods. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, is also known as flow cytometry cell sorting, or commonly known by the acronym FACS, which is a trademark of Becton Dickinson and Company. (wikipedia.org)
Fluorescence activated cell sorting has several systems that work together to achieve successful sorting of events of interest. (wikipedia.org)
Diagram A shows fluorescence-activated cell sorting of negative cell selection (undesired group) and diagram B shows FACS of positive cell selection (desired group). (wikipedia.org)
If you can identify which CD is presented on your cells of interest, then you can stain your sample with a fluorescent dye specific to it and use fluorescence-activated cell sorting to separate the population of interest. (wikipedia.org)
B ) The cells were kept for 2 hr in medium ± Trolox, incubated for 30 min with 10 µM H 2 DCFDA in medium + Trolox and subjected to flow cytometry measuring DCF fluorescence. (elifesciences.org)
Shift of fluorescence emission from red to green of the JC-1 Fluorescent Probe indicating loss of mitochondrial membrane potential associated with apoptosis in treated cells compared to untreated cells. (bitesizebio.com)

Finally, the apoptotic cells are removed through phagocytosis with minimal tissue disruption. (bitesizebio.com)

The authors also provide guidance on interpreting and presenting the results of cell death experiments, as well as advice on complementary procedures that may be required to confirm the results of a given experiment. (cshlpress.com)

Calcein-AM is used for the kit because it is retained inside of cells better than the other fluorescent esterase substrates. (dojindo.com)
These cell-permeable substrates are basically non-fluorescent until caspase cleavage. (bitesizebio.com)

Most of the important molecular processes in the cell, such as DNA replication, are performed by large molecular network of protein-protein interactions. (researchsquare.com)
In this study, a phosphoproteomic approach was performed to dissect the molecular mechanism of phosphoprotein regulation, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of parasites on erythroid cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
The Cell Signal Unit studies molecular and cellular events that are relevant to and important for maintaining healthy life in a variety of environmental conditions. (oist.jp)

Here, we determine the embryonic ontogeny of the two main striatal pathways (striatonigral and striatopallidal) and identify novel (non)cell-autonomous roles for the axon guidance receptor Frizzled3 in uncharacterized aspects of striatal pathway formation (i.e., anterior-posterior axon guidance in the striatum and axon entry into the globus pallidus). (jneurosci.org)
It is important to systematically combine multiple endpoints, such as membrane integrity and cell death mechanism, to gain insight into the potential pathways involved in cellular toxicity. (nature.com)
CAE in Huh-7 cells selectively activated ERK1/2 and inhibited GSK3β signaling pathways. (springer.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
We sought to improve the tolerance of seed cells to the transplant microenvironment via antioxidant pathways, thus promoting transplant efficiency and achieving better tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
There are multiple types of cell death, several interconnected signaling pathways can be activated, and the postmortem consequences may vary. (cshlpress.com)
α-TEA induces apoptosis via activation of extrinsic death receptors Fas (CD95) and DR5, JNK/p73/Noxa pathways, and suppression of anti-apoptotic mediators Akt, ERK, c-FLIP and survivin in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

For each group the percentage of dead cells was plotted versus the duration of reoxygenation. (biongenex.com)

Apoptosis is morphologically and biochemically distinct from necrosis, which is conversely called accidental cell death. (bitesizebio.com)
The antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in gliomas has thus far only been thoroughly established in tumor cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
PI on its own can only indicate cells that are in necrosis. (aatbio.com)
Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

The present work investigates the effects of a variety of natural cryoprotectants in combination on post-thaw viability and apoptosis of cryopreserved mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from umbilical cord blood. (cryoletters.org)

Flow cytometry cell sorting yields very high specificity according to one or several surface markers, but one limitation is constituted by the number of cells that can be processed during a work-day. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, flow cytometry cell sorters are complex instruments that are generally used only by well-trained staff in flow cytometry facilities or well-equipped laboratories and, since they are normally big in size, it is not always possible to place them inside a biological safety cabinet. (wikipedia.org)
Applications Tested: This L161 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (fishersci.com)
The Px I-III KO cells were incubated ± Trolox for up to 4 hr, stained with MitoTracker or propidium iodide and subjected to flow cytometry. (elifesciences.org)
The multiparametric nature of flow cytometry allows the measurement of several apoptotic traits in a single sample, making it a powerful tool to study the complexity of cell death. (bitesizebio.com)
Modern methods such as flow cytometry allow analyses of cells at the single cell level within a short time and enable better and faster detection of such pathogens and distinctions between live and dead cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, broth cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented milk were tested for production of substances capable of inhibiting L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis in co-culture with LAB by assessment of colony-forming units (CFU) and live:dead cell populations by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
The flow data showed that there were significantly higher dead cell numbers in co-cultures than in control cultures, indicating that such killing was caused by diffusible substances produced by the LAB cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
BD Biosciences tools use multiple methodologies including flow cytometry , bioimaging and microscopy (for live and fixed cell analysis) as well as ELISA , IHC , western blot and spectrofluorometry. (bdbiosciences.com)

Human colorectal cancer (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. (hindawi.com)
The tumor is heterogeneous with meningeal tumor cells, mainly a mixture of fibroblast like cells, and neuroepithelial cells in a background of connective tissue. (frontiersin.org)

Etoposide does not influence phenotype of this sub-population of melanoma cells, while a combined treatment with Etoposide and Bevacizumab significantly abolished P1 sphere-forming ability, an effect associated with apoptosis of this subset of cells. (oncotarget.com)

Cells cultured as 3D were embedded as tissue blocks. (frontiersin.org)
The low survival rate or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered organs caused by the adverse effects of unfavourable local microenvironments on seed cell viability and stemness, especially the effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompted us to examine the importance of controlling oxidative damage for tissue transplantation and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Microglia-the resident immune cells of the brain-are activated after brain lesions, e.g., cerebral ischemia, and polarize towards a classic "M1" pro-inflammatory or an alternative "M2" anti-inflammatory phenotype following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns, contributing either to secondary tissue damage or to regenerative responses. (biomedcentral.com)
On the one hand, this (sterile) neuroinflammation eliminates degenerating tissue, thus supporting a restorative milieu for neuroprotection, axonal regeneration, remyelination, and stem cell-mediated tissue repair. (biomedcentral.com)
In a resting state, microglia are involved in the maintenance of cell homeostasis surveying their microenvironment and communicating with the neuronal tissue via extremely motile processes and protrusions [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)

CD1c is involved in the presentation of lipid antigens such as microbial fatty acids to effector T cells during the adaptive immune response. (fishersci.com)
Before their exposition on the cell surface, the MHC class II molecules react with endocytosed exogenous antigens, which are then presented to the T cells. (thermofisher.com)
Here, we demonstrate that developing self-reactive B cells are not always highly sensitive to the deletion mechanisms imposed by membrane-bound self-antigens. (silverchair.com)
At low amounts, membrane-bound antigens allow survival of B cells bearing a single high affinity self-reactive B cell receptor (BCR). (silverchair.com)
Based on these results, it was postulated that B cell deletion required BCR cross-linking and could only be induced by membrane bound self-antigens. (silverchair.com)

What are the precautions or limitations when using propidium iodide? (aatbio.com)

Methods: Previously we observed that aurora kinase (AURK) binds IκBα in the cell. (researchsquare.com)
Control of such infections is hampered by persistent contamination of foods and food-processing environments, resistance of pathogens to sanitizing agents, existence of heterogeneous populations of pathogens (including culturable and viable but non-culturable cells) within the same food items, and inability to detect all such pathogens by culture-based methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
Institute of Laboratory Animal Research National Research Council National Academy Press 1996 Cell isolation and culture Ventricular myocytes from neonatal mice (PND) to were prepared by the modifications of methods described previously (22). (biongenex.com)

Lysed IE significantly inhibited gEC growth at 48 and 72 h and cell division resulting in the accumulation of cells in G0 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
The following findings suggest that NAC could significantly protect stem cell viability and stemness during oxidative stress and exert better and prolonged effects in bioroot intragrafts. (biomedcentral.com)

Apoptosis consists of an orderly sequence of events characterized by cell shrinkage, increased cell permeability, changes in membrane asymmetry, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and cell blebbing. (bitesizebio.com)
Moving from early to intermediate stages of apoptosis, you can measure the activation of caspase enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, and changes in cell membrane asymmetry. (bitesizebio.com)

FLICA (Fluorescent Inhibition of Caspases) is also cell permeant and reacts covalently with a caspase-selective amino acid sequence with a fluorescent tag. (bitesizebio.com)
Although it does not appear much published work has been done in this area, FluoroBlok inserts are a great choice when one is looking to exclude fluorescent signal generated by cells on the apical surface of the membrane. (cellculturedish.com)

Additionally, P. gingivalis induces macrophage foam cell formation ( 11 ) and stimulates oxidation of low-density lipoprotein ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, we demonstrate that α-TEA induces the accumulation of cell surface membrane ceramide, leading to co-localization with Fas, DR5, and FADD, followed by activation of caspases-8 and -9 and apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
In contrast to cell lines, isolated primary tumor cells from all investigated glioma patients were highly TRAIL resistant. (aacrjournals.org)

Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in the accumulation of KSO-SFE-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis by KSO-SFE. (hindawi.com)
low quantities of self-antigen induce the selection and accumulation of increased numbers of self-reactive B cells with decreased expression of antigen-specific BCRs. (silverchair.com)
Functional knockdown of ASMase with either the chemical inhibitor, desipramine, or siRNA markedly reduces α-TEA-induced cell surface membrane accumulation of ceramide and its co-localization with Fas, DR5, and FADD, cleavage of caspases-8 and -9 and apoptosis, suggesting an early and critical role for ASMase in α-TEA-induced apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Fig. 1 indicates various reagents used for detection of cell viability. (dojindo.com)

Among various combinations, freezing medium consisting of hydroxyl ethyl starch, ectoin and co-enzyme Q10 with 10% FBS is found to be most effective combination achieving maximum cell viability of 93%, 5.6% early apoptotic, 0.7% late apoptotic and 0.1% necrotic cells. (cryoletters.org)

Additionally, the cytotoxicity of MTT formazan makes it difficult to remove cell culture media from the plate wells due to many floating cells with MTT formazan needles, giving significant well-to-well error. (dojindo.com)

Our aim was to establish a live cell culture to enable the understanding of the cellular processes driving the non-malignant growth of these tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenylate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are also used as cell death markers, and there are several such products available on the market. (dojindo.com)
This leads to the loss of cellular structure and function, and ultimately results in cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)

In this study, we found that PTTG3P was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent with cell culture data, immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissues taken from α-TEA treated nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts show increased levels of cell surface membrane ceramide in comparison to tumor tissues from control animals. (biomedcentral.com)

The further development of scleractinian coral cell cultures requires quantitative assessment of survivorship through basic live and dead cell counts. (nature.com)

We found that a cell sub-population enriched for P1 sphere-initiating ability and CD133 expression also express larger amount of VEGF-R2. (oncotarget.com)
Hypoxic melanoma cells sorted for VEGF-R2/CD133 positivity also undergo apoptosis when exposed to Etoposide and Bevacizumab. (oncotarget.com)

Therefore, this study determined the cytotoxicity of KSO-SFE on colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

30 kg/m2 were randomized 1:1 to laser or of triglycerides, without inducing lipolysis or cell lysis. (health-articles.net)

The TAM receptor and ligand expression was evaluated in LMS cell lines and 358 sarcoma samples by either gene expression or immunohistochemistry. (nature.com)
In transgenic mice expressing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) as a neo self-antigen, B cells transgenic for a high affinity B cell receptor (BCR) specific for HEL undergo different fates ( 2 , 3 ). (silverchair.com)
T cell activation through the antigen receptor (TCR) involves the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon and CD3 zeta. (thermofisher.cn)
Prevention of raft reorganization into larger platforms by inactivation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), renders cells resistant to Fas clustering and apoptosis [ 9 ], indicating that ASMase/ceramide plays an important role in death receptor-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

The M5/114 mAb is reported to inhibit I-A-restricted T cell responses of the H-2 b, H-2 d, H-2 q, H-2 u but not H-2 f, H-2 k, or H-2 s haplotypes. (thermofisher.com)

A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)

Together, these data dissect MSN pathway development and reveal (non)cell-autonomous roles for Frizzled3 in MSN axon guidance. (jneurosci.org)
Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
Conclusions: Therefore, we identified novel phosphorylation site of IκBα by AURK, and its site was related to apoptosis and necroptosis pathway in breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)

A high level of active oxygen also enhances the transformation of helper cells into inflammatory cells that is further increased with the decline of cell metabolism processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Animal steroid hormones initiate signaling by passive diffusion into cells and binding to their nuclear receptors to regulate gene expression. (biologists.com)

This L161 monoclonal antibody detects CD1c, a glycoprotein that is noncovalently linked to beta-2 microglobulin on thymocytes and antigen presenting cells such as dendritic and Langerhans cells. (fishersci.com)
In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (thermofisher.com)
By directly measuring antigen binding by intact B cells, we show that the low amounts of self-antigen select self-reactive B cells with a lower association constant. (silverchair.com)
A fraction of these B cells is activated and secretes autoantibodies that form circulating immune complexes with self-antigen. (silverchair.com)
These findings demonstrate that conventional B cells can undergo positive selection and that the fate of a self-reactive B cell depends on the quantity of self-antigen, the number of BCRs engaged, and on its overall antigen-binding avidity, rather than on the affinity of individual BCRs. (silverchair.com)

Several studies have demonstrated that tumors contain a small subset of cells that share many characteristics with CSCs [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The symmetric division of CSCs allows cell population expansion while maintaining their distinctive traits [ 5 , 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)

It detects a polymorphic determinant present on B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T lymphocytes from mice carrying the H-2 b, H-2 d, H-2 q, H-2 p, H-2 r and H-2 u but not from mice carrying the H-2 s or H-2 f haplotypes. (thermofisher.com)

Within the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are the resident immune cells that mediate and regulate inflammatory processes. (biomedcentral.com)

In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in primary human glioma cells. (aacrjournals.org)
We established a stable culture model for isolated primary human glioma cells. (aacrjournals.org)

When Etoposide and Bevacizumab-treated hypoxic cells were injected intravenously into immunodeficient mice revealed a reduced capacity to induce lung colonies, which also appear with a longer latency period. (oncotarget.com)
Little is known of the T cell repertoire these recombinant vaccines induce. (biomedcentral.com)

SEM and phase contrast microscopy confirmed the normal cell morphology of the post-thaw cultured cells with retaining their membrane integrity. (cryoletters.org)

Previous study has shown that kenaf seed oil extracted by SFE (KSO-SFE) is cytotoxic towards human cervical cancer cell line [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Early stage Huh-7 and advanced SNU449 liver cancer cell lines were subjected to chronic alcohol exposure (CAE), at different doses for 6 months followed by 1-month alcohol withdrawal period. (springer.com)
Hence, our study indicates that a combined exposure to Etoposide and Bevacizumab targets melanoma cells endowed with stem-like properties and might be considered a novel approach to treat cancer-initiating cells. (oncotarget.com)
We investigated the new phosphorylation site for IκBα and identified its biological function in breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
Besides, S63A and/or S262A of IκBα regulated apoptotic and necroptic effects in breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
Assuming you are looking to culture a cancer organoid in the apical chamber of Corning® FluoroBlok™ Cell Culture Inserts and measure immune function, then the answer is most likely. (cellculturedish.com)
Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)

MID9 showed a moderate level of cell death compared to the control. (degruyter.com)
Apoptosis, often called programmed cell death, is a carefully regulated process that is part of normal development and homeostasis . (bitesizebio.com)
Regulated cell death, which is involved in nearly every aspect of animal development and physiology, can be challenging to study in the laboratory. (cshlpress.com)
Therefore, a combination of specialized techniques is often required to characterize and confirm cell death in the system of interest. (cshlpress.com)
This laboratory manual provides a comprehensive suite of step-by-step protocols for inducing, detecting, visualizing, characterizing, and quantifying cell death in a variety of systems. (cshlpress.com)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms11

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care1

Staining13

Uptake3

Assay14

Proliferation11

Annexin5

Signals5

Assays14

Stains3

Viable cells6

Analyzed by flow cytometry2

Intracellular3

Vitro5

Membranes1

Dyes4

Trypan2

Stem cells10

Proteins6

Differentiation1

Analyze1

Migration3

Fluorescence8

Apoptotic cells1

Experiments1

Substrates2

Molecular3

Pathways7

Percentage1

Necrosis4

Mononuclear cells1

Flow9

Fibroblast2

Associated with apoptosis1

Tissue6

Antigens5

Limitations1

Methods4

Significantly2

Permeability2

Fluorescent2

Induces2

Tumor cells2

Accumulation3

Reagents1

Necrotic1

Additionally1

Cellular3

Tissues2

Cultures1

CD1332

Cytotoxicity1

Lysis1

Receptor4

Responses1

Stain1

Pathway3

Inflammatory cells1

Gene expression1

Antigen7

CSCs2

Dendritic1

Processes1

Glioma2

Induce2

Membrane integrity1

Cancer7

Death6