• This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including bla TEM , bla SHV , bla CTX-M and bla CMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several antibiotics are considered for treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis, including oral β-lactams (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or third-generation cephalosporin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin), nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Enterobacterales , the prime antimicrobial resistance mechanism against β-lactam antibiotics is mainly the production of β-lactamases, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local public health partners show that these strains often have a quinolone resistance gene that may lead to clinically significant reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
  • This susceptibility profile may encourage clinicians to prescribe fluoroquinolone antibiotics to patients who require treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • Adding concern was the fact that the most common class of antibiotics prescribed in the study was fluoroquinolones, a class of drugs often associated with increased rates of resistance. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • 7 However, antibiotic resistance usually occurs in the environment where antibiotics are frequently used. (researchsquare.com)
  • Using the ATLAS antimicrobial resistance surveillance database, the model revealed significant differences in trends and associated factors depending on bacterial species and resistance to certain antibiotics. (pasteur.fr)
  • It is a natural phenomenon, but improper use of antibiotics is contributing to it by selecting resistance and complicating bacterial infection-control strategies. (pasteur.fr)
  • The increase in multidrug resistance of antibiotics in recent decades has been associated with its misuse, resulting in an increased rate of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays and increased care costs. (bcan.org)
  • Specifically, resistance to fluoroquinolones has increased its prevalence, a group of antibiotics widely used in urology. (bcan.org)
  • Sequencing of DNA from the pipe samples revealed a diverse reservoir of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and the most ARGs observed were those encoding resistant to commonly used antibiotics, including tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and macrolides. (umn.edu)
  • We have a high-performance medicine in which we have to use antibiotics over and over again, and so resistance will carry on developing. (medscape.com)
  • The most important measure to avoid antibiotic resistance is to use antibiotics as sparingly as possible. (medscape.com)
  • However, important phenotypic differences, such as resistance to antibiotics, are often the result of just one or a few point mutations in otherwise identical sequences. (pensoft.net)
  • Microbial biofilms contribute to virulence and resistance to antibiotics by shielding microbial cells from host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, respectively. (who.int)
  • We believe it is: in the words of the House of Lords' report, "Resistance to antibiotics … constitutes a major threat to public health and ought to be recognised as such more widely than it is at present. (bmj.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are no longer recommended to treat gonorrhea in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Among the 16 groups of antibiotics studied, cephalosporins, broad-spectrum penicillins and fluoroquinolones accounted for more than half of that increase, with consumption rising 55 percent from 2000 to 2010. (princeton.edu)
  • In addition, the report highlights an increasing resistance to carbapenems and polymixins, two classes of drugs long considered "last resort" antibiotics for illnesses without any other known treatment. (princeton.edu)
  • The data underscore the welcome evidence that more global citizens are able to access and purchase antibiotics. (princeton.edu)
  • Laxminarayan and Levin received a grant from the University's Grand Challenges Program to study the problem of antibiotic resistance as part of general work on "common property" problems, those areas in which individuals or small groups make decisions - such as on how they use antibiotics - that have national or global consequences. (princeton.edu)
  • NARMS focuses on resistance to antibiotics that are considered important in human medicine as well as multidrug resistance (described by the FDA as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics). (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Ashley Peterson, Ph.D., NCC senior vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs, said the council was pleased to see many positive trends in the data continue, including a decrease in resistance in several foodborne pathogens, Salmonella being at the lowest levels since testing began, and that first-line antibiotics remain effective in treating illnesses. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Reports like this provide a strong case that the continued judicious use of antibiotics by poultry producers, coupled with ongoing strategies to reduce Salmonella , are aiding in the reduction of the pathogen and the reduction in resistance. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Our findings indicate that rational application of antibiotics is indispensable for minimizing widespread of drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Shotgun metagenomics revealed a total of 112 different mobile antibiotic resistance gene types, conferring resistance against almost all classes of antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) were introduced as broad-spectrum antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is plausible that the unreasonable antibiotics usage can induce the development of bacterial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well known that misuse of antibiotics further contributing to the condition named as antibiotic resistance (ABR) wherein the bacteria adapt to survive even in the presence of antibiotics. (preventit.in)
  • The current study provides valuable data on the clinical implication of antibiotics consumed by COVID-19 patients and AMR. (preventit.in)
  • These enablers supplied the community with various types of antibiotics including broad spectrum fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extensively drug resistant-tuberculosis is defined as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that is also resistant to any one of the fluoroquinolones and to at least one of three injectable second-line antibiotics (amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin). (who.int)
  • Following the spread of gonococcal fluoroquinolone resistance, the cephalosporin antibiotics have been the foundation of recommended treatment for gonorrhea. (bcu.ac.uk)
  • CDC) 2019 data suggests that 2.8 million people in the Several initiatives have been taken in Pakistan to United States of America (USA) are affected by antibiotic- resistant infections that are directly responsible for 35 combat the problem of injudicious use of antibiotics. (who.int)
  • All (100%) isolates used in this study showed MDR resistance to tested antibiotics. (bvsalud.org)
  • The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin is used to assess susceptibility to all equivalent fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
  • From January 1990 through September 1999, 105 gonococcal isolates were identified that were CipR (n=48) or had intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin (CipI) (n=57). (cdc.gov)
  • Phenotypic resistance against β-lactams (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftriaxone) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) were identified by the disc diffusion technique. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since 1993, fluoroquinolones (i.e., ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or levofloxacin) have been used frequently in the treatment of gonorrhea because of their high efficacy, ready availability, and convenience as a single-dose, oral therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • isolates with intermediate resistance to fluoroquinolones demonstrate ciprofloxacin MICs of 0.125--0.500 µ g/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • Intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin has remained stable, ranging from 0.4% to 1.1% from 1990 to 2006 ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are among the antimicrobials recommended for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea (1). (cdc.gov)
  • In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. (nih.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to identify an increasing number of Shigella isolates that test within the susceptible range for the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values of 0.12-1 μg/mL), but harbor one or more resistance mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Consider consulting an infectious disease specialist to identify other treatment options, because some Shigella isolates with susceptible ciprofloxacin MICs may harbor one or more quinolone resistance mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular data indicate that most Shigella isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs in the noted range harbor at least one quinolone resistance mechanism. (cdc.gov)
  • Shigella isolates without a quinolone resistance mechanism typically have a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≤0.015 μg/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • Current interpretive criteria provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) categorize these strains as susceptible to ciprofloxacin, which is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and a key agent in the management of Shigella infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinicians treating patients with multidrug-resistant shigellosis for whom antibiotic treatment is indicated should avoid prescribing fluoroquinolones if the ciprofloxacin MIC is 0.12 μg/mL or higher even if the laboratory report identifies the isolate as susceptible, and should work closely with their clinical microbiology laboratory and infectious disease specialists to determine appropriate antimicrobial therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Preliminary data suggest that all Shigella isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs in this range for which results are available harbor at least one quinolone resistance gene known to confer reduced susceptibility in enteric bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC does not yet know whether fluoroquinolone treatment of a Shigella infection with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.12-1 μg/mL is associated with a worse clinical outcome for the patient or if such treatment increases the risk of transmission to other individuals. (cdc.gov)
  • Any patient with a Shigella infection could carry a strain harboring a quinolone resistance gene with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.12-1 μg/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • 6 Fluoroquinolone, especially ciprofloxacin, was the first-line antibiotic for the treatment of shigellosis as recommended by the WHO. (researchsquare.com)
  • Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias, England and Wales, 1990-1999. (uea.ac.uk)
  • These data were used to ascertain resistance trends to ciprofloxacin from 1990 through 1999 for the most prevalent gram-negative agents: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. (uea.ac.uk)
  • For E. coli, ciprofloxacin resistance rose from 0.8% in 1990 to 3.7% in 1999 and became widely scattered among reporting hospitals. (uea.ac.uk)
  • In this work we used several methodologies to characterize the efflux activity of 52 S. aureus isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin collected in a hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, in order to understand the role played by these systems in the resistance to fluoroquinolones. (unl.pt)
  • Resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin has been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are classified as critically important for the treatment of Salmonella infections. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Ciprofloxacin resistance was absent in Salmonella from poultry and beef, although a single isolate was found in pork. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • 1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. (cdc.gov)
  • Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Resistance to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin was widespread and accounted for over 85% of cases in South Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • Variants that are resistant to both ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone have been identified, and azithromycin resistance has also appeared in several different variants across South Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • According to China antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the first half of 2018, the ciprofloxacin-resistant rate was 57.8% for Escherichia coli , 35.4% for Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbapenemases are a class of enzymes that can confer resistance to carbapenems and other Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs, but not all carbapenemase-producing isolates are carbapenem-resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • The analysis of global data for the period 2006-2019 initially revealed an increase in resistance to carbapenems for several species, although global trends were stable for other resistances. (pasteur.fr)
  • Acinetobacter species with a combined resistance against fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems make up 4% of the total in Germany. (medscape.com)
  • If you take the K pneumoniae resistance to carbapenems, for example, which is under 1% in Germany, then this is actually comparable in almost every country in northwest Europe," said Eckmanns. (medscape.com)
  • reported the dissemination of MDR OXA-23-producing A. baumannii clones throughout multiple cities in China, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems in western China. (frontiersin.org)
  • Findings explain the necessity of deep changes in quantity and quality of drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The findings suggest that genotypic assays for FQ resistance should be carried out at the time of initial diagnosis, before starting treatment, in order to rule out mutations that impact the potential use of FQs in treatment and to control drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The emergence of drug resistance and persistence of infection is a serious threat to the control of TB [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent surveillance data have indicated that the prevalence of tuberculosis drug resistance has risen to the highest rate ever recorded. (nih.gov)
  • World Health Organization (WHO) called for urgent and concerted action to slow down the emergence and spread of drug resistance, with the slogan of "no action today, no cure tomorrow" in 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For persistent infection following treatment, unrelated to reexposure, send a specimen to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for drug-resistance testing. (medscape.com)
  • We explored the relationship between HIV infection and MDR-TB disease using data reported by member states to the World Health Organization (WHO) within the context of the Global Project on Anti-TB Drug Resistance Surveillance. (ersjournals.com)
  • The data were aggregated numbers of cases reported from either drug resistance surveys or continuous surveillance systems. (ersjournals.com)
  • Such surveys are epidemiological studies designed to measure drug resistance among a representative sample of notified pulmonary TB patients. (ersjournals.com)
  • Drug resistance in lower respiratory infections - such as pneumonia - had the greatest impact on AMR disease burden, causing more than 400,000 deaths and associated with more than 1.5 million deaths. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Drug resistance in bloodstream infections - which can lead to the life-threatening condition sepsis - caused around 370,000 deaths and was associated with nearly 1.5 million deaths. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Drug resistance in intra-abdominal infections - commonly caused by appendicitis - led directly to around 210,000 deaths and was associated with around 800,000. (hindustantimes.com)
  • A. baumannii is developing into multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pandrug resistant (PDR) bacteria, and its adaptation to the environment with drug resistance has previously been reported ( Durante-Mangoni and Zarrilli, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • While country-level data collection and reporting need further improvements, several countries have reported increasing levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. (who.int)
  • Conversely, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis emerges as a result of underinvestment in the Stop TB strategy.2 The emphasis for action therefore needs to be both on strengthening basic control to prevent the emergence of drug resistance and on diagnosing and treating the cases of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis effectively in order to prevent transmission. (who.int)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug resistance to second-line TB drugs among MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • 1,5 Based on the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam and the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, there were an estimated 5100 cases with MDR-TB among notified TB cases in Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • Our aims with this study were to report the prevalence of mutations in the parC and gyrA genes in patients with M. genitalium infection, to correlate specific mutations with moxifloxacin outcomes, and to determine the prevalence of dual (macrolide/fluoroquinolone) resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • resistance associated with clinical treatment failure has been reported previously in only one person, who probably acquired the infection in the Philippines (3-5). (cdc.gov)
  • According to research in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , fluoroquinolone resistance had a greater affect on hospital mortality than other phenotypic-resistance profiles. (respiratory-therapy.com)
  • 4,5 Worldwide, there are approximately 164.7 million shigellosis infection cases in humans annually,5 while there are few data showing the prevalence in animals. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our objective is to determine whether the incidence of infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TBP has increased nationwide in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System and to identify risk factors for infection. (paijournal.com)
  • The primary outcomes were the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bacteremia with E. coli and with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains within 30 days after TBP. (paijournal.com)
  • Secondary endpoints focused on the correlation between fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates and post-TBP infection and risk factors for infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infection. (paijournal.com)
  • In the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, the incidence of E. coli infection after TBP has increased significantly since 2000 due to a dramatic rise in infections with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli . (paijournal.com)
  • Although HIV is a powerful risk factor for all forms of TB and institutional outbreaks of MDR-TB among people living with HIV have been reported [ 5 ], population-level data on the association between HIV infection and MDR-TB are limited. (ersjournals.com)
  • Fluoroquinolones may be an alternative treatment option for disseminated gonococcal infection if antimicrobial susceptibility can be documented. (medscape.com)
  • If co-infection with gonorrhea suspected, do not use fluoroquinolones. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens include antibiotic therapy within the preceding 90 days, a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the community or facility, chronic hemodialysis, and immunosuppression. (aafp.org)
  • Disease burden was estimated in two ways: deaths caused directly by AMR (ie deaths that would not have occurred had the infections been drug-susceptible and therefore more treatable), and deaths associated with AMR (ie where a drug-resistant infection was implicated in deaths, but resistance itself may or may not have been the direct cause). (hindustantimes.com)
  • The secondary outcomes included bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones, the incidence of Clostridiodes difficile infection, and the incidence of clinically documented infection. (jhoponline.com)
  • M. genitalium has been developing widespread resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones, which makes treating infection with this organism a challenge. (msdmanuals.com)
  • M. pneumoniae infection: Antibiotic Treatment and Resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1996 - Together with two other federal partners (USDA and CDC), CVM established the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program. (fda.gov)
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance is of particular concern given that data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System indicate that many Shigella isolates with a quinolone resistance gene also are resistant to many other commonly used treatment agents, such as azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin. (cdc.gov)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Thursday released a new interim report that measures antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from raw retail meat and poultry collected through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Combined macrolide/fluoroquinolone-resistance mutations were in 8.6% of specimens, for which recommended therapies would be ineffective. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations affecting these residues or surrounding sequence (the quinolone resistance-determining region, QRDR) may confer resistance ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Moxifloxacin treatment failure is being increasingly reported, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region ( 5 , 6 ), along with increasing detection rates of resistance mutations ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations in subunit A confer high-level resistance, whereas those in subunit B confer low-level resistance [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the frequency and geographic distribution of FQ resistance mutations is important in order to maximize the sensitivity and specificity of treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Plasmid-mediated resistance genes are of particular concern because of their ability to spread between bacteria and their ability to promote chromosomal mutations conferring quinolone resistance, potentially resulting in rapid spread of fluoroquinolone resistance within or between populations of bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Magesh S, Jonsson V, Bengtsson-Palme J (2019) Mumame: a software tool for quantifying gene-specific point-mutations in shotgun metagenomic data. (pensoft.net)
  • We demonstrate the utility of the tool by quantifying antibiotic resistance mutations in several publicly available metagenomic data sets. (pensoft.net)
  • However, attempts to quantify point mutations in metagenomic sequencing data often go wrong because the methods do not distinguish sufficiently well between mutated and wildtype variants of the same gene. (pensoft.net)
  • The results obtained in this work do not exclude the importance of mutations in resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. aureus, yet they underline the contribution of efflux systems for the emergence of high-level resistance. (unl.pt)
  • This DNA-based LPA (line probe assay) identifies genetic mutations in MDR-TB strains, that make them resistant to fluoroquinolones and injectable second-line TB drugs. (theseoultimes.com)
  • This report, based on data from the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP), summarizes data on fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in heterosexual males and in MSM throughout the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of FQ resistance in multidrug-resistant TB negatively impacts patient treatment outcome and is a serious threat to control of TB. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During treatment of TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) patients can develop resistance against fluoroquinolones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is defined as disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (amikacin, capreomycin, or kanamycin). (nih.gov)
  • However, Campylobacter has become increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolones with high isolation rates among human and animal strains. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Enterobacterales isolates that are concomitant ESBL producers and are carbapenem resistant have been increasingly reported and demonstrate alarmingly increased antibiotic resistance patterns compared with ESBL Enterobacterales . (frontiersin.org)
  • A meta-analysis for response to treatment was undertaken using individual data of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) patients from 26 centres. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Collaborative Group for Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data in MDR-TB 2013, ' Resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: Impact on multidrug-resistant TB outcomes ', European Respiratory Journal , vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 156-168. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Shigella strains harboring PMQR genes were identified earlier this year following whole genome sequencing of isolates from a multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri infections predominantly affecting adult men, many of whom identify as men who have sex with men, according to epidemiologic data collected by CDC's Shigella program as part of outbreak response. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibilities, 76.32% (29/38) of S. dysenteriae isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolone and showed multidrug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • All 29 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were positive for the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene but negative for qepA , except SD001. (researchsquare.com)
  • 8 , 9 Furthermore, the accelerating accumulation and transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens pose major difficulties in treating infections. (researchsquare.com)
  • Surprisingly, however, national antibiotic consumption was not significantly associated with resistance for the majority of bacteria tested (except for quinolone consumption for fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenem consumption for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ). (pasteur.fr)
  • And for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 10 years ago we said we had 20%-25% resistance, but today it is significantly below 10%," said Eckmanns. (medscape.com)
  • Recent reports suggest that infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) are an increasingly common complication of transrectal biopsy of the prostate (TBP) in the United States. (paijournal.com)
  • The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infections after TBP occurred in parallel with increasing rates of fluoroquinolone-resistance in all urinary E. coli isolates. (paijournal.com)
  • By multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI after TBP included diabetes mellitus, fluoroquinolone exposure, prior hospitalization, and prior cultures with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli. (paijournal.com)
  • Patients infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs) require longer, more expensive treatment regimens than drug-susceptible TB, with poorer treatment success [ 2 ], [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • According to these data, the proportion of gonorrhea cases in heterosexual men that were fluoroquinolone-resistant (QRNG) reached 6.7%, an 11-fold increase from 0.6% in 2001. (medscape.com)
  • Based on these data, the aqueous extract of A. cordifolia leaves is a good phytomedical candidate for the treatment of gastritis (stomach cramps, watery or bloody diarrhea) and urinary tract infections caused by multi-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. (springeropen.com)
  • Then the correlation between antibiotic usage and fluoroquinolones -resistant (FQR) rate was consequently investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, data suggest the problem of multidrug resistance is worsening: in 2008, WHO's fourth global report on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance2 noted the highest levels of multidrug resistance ever recorded in a general population, with an estimated half a million cases occurring globally, including 50 000 cases of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. (who.int)
  • 1 Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most powerful anti-tuberculosis medicines. (who.int)
  • However, a noticeably higher proportion of the cultures that were positive for viridans streptococci were resistant to fluoroquinolones after exposure to levofloxacin versus the control group (80% vs 0%, respectively). (jhoponline.com)
  • Of those, 15 cases (17.9%) had ofloxacin resistance and 6.0% were resistant to kanamycin and capreomycin. (who.int)
  • M. tuberculosis isolate known or suspected to be resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and/or fluoroquinolones. (who.int)
  • Escherichia coli strain LR09, containing a plasmid with the aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr fluoroquinolone resistance gene, did not conjugate with any of the 15 strains tested, while Enterobacter aerogenes strain YS11 conjugated with two strains of E. coli . (karger.com)
  • For example, NARMS revised its animal sampling structure in 2013 to obtain more representative animal data on all four target organisms under surveillance ( Salmonella , Campylobacter , Escherichia coli , and Enterococcus ). (fda.gov)
  • High temperatures were associated with high levels of antibiotic resistance, but only for Enterobacteriaceae ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ). (pasteur.fr)
  • Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has become one of the greatest challenges for clinical microbiologists and healthcare practitioners worldwide. (karger.com)
  • In this study, the resistance patterns of urinary isolates to commonly used antimicrobials were determined in order to evaluate the options for empirical antibiotic therapy of UTI in out- and in- patients. (medscimonit.com)
  • Here we sought to characterize conjugal horizontal gene transfer of plasmid-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance genes from two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, one clinical and one from a municipal wastewater treatment plant environment. (karger.com)
  • Over the past decade, strains of N gonorrhoeae have been reported to develop high levels of resistance against several antimicrobial agents previously used for treatment of gonorrhoea. (bmj.com)
  • In order to fight effectively against this bacterial resistance and to limit the cases of therapeutic failures, the search for new, more efficient molecules capable of effectively eradicating the mutant strains responsible for bacterial diseases must be encouraged (Brochot et al. (springeropen.com)
  • It is, thus, plausible that hospital wastewaters could provide opportunities to find novel carbapenemases and other resistance genes not yet described in clinical strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Baucheron S, Tyler S, Boyd D, Mulvey MR, Chaslus-Dancla E, Cloeckaert A: AcrAB-TolC directs efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104. (karger.com)
  • Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. (nih.gov)
  • Salmonella resistance to ceftriaxone (an important antibiotic used to treat seriously ill patients) from chicken sources continued to decline steadily from a high of 38% in retail chicken meats in 2009 to 18% in 2014, and 5% during the first half of 2015. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • Multidrug resistance in Salmonella continued to show a downward drift in chicken and turkey from 2011 levels of 45% and 50%, respectively, to 20% and 36% in June 2015. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • BACKGROUND: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. (cdc.gov)
  • On the basis of the most recent evidence, CDC no longer recommends the use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of gonococcal infections and associated conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). (cdc.gov)
  • Annually, GISP collects approximately 6,000 urethral gonococcal isolates from males attending 26 to 30 sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics throughout the country and provides national data to guide treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • however, the emergence of gonococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility or resistance to fluoroquinolones has been a significant concern in several countries, including Japan. (bmj.com)
  • The recommendation was based on analysis of new data from the CDC's Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP). (medscape.com)
  • Dalhoff A: Resistance surveillance studies: a multifaceted problem - the fluoroquinolone example. (karger.com)
  • Worldwide surveillance of antibiotic resistance, especially under the aegis of WHO has been set up, and several databases have been created to record ABR worldwide, with the long-term aim of improving understanding of the causes to help tackle the phenomenon. (pasteur.fr)
  • A long-lasting effort is necessary to keep the [antibiotic-resistance] situation at a good level," said Tim Eckmanns, MD, head of the Department for Nosocomial Infections, Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance and Usage at the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) in Berlin, Germany. (medscape.com)
  • Eckmanns's department at the RKI has published the recent data on antibiotic resistance surveillance (ARS) in Germany up until 2021. (medscape.com)
  • National surveillance networks for both antibiotic use and resistance were established in 2005, along with the introduction of a national formulary in 2008 [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Statistical modelling was used to produce estimates of the impact of AMR in all locations - including those with no data - using 471 million individual records obtained from systematic literature reviews, hospital systems, surveillance systems, and other data sources," said the paper. (hindustantimes.com)
  • This in turn would help to better understand the development of resistance in pathogens and to prepare surveillance and control measures to reduce their dissemination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal 'sentinel' surveillance for such locations. (cdc.gov)
  • This data set describes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from the WHO European Region gathered through the Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). (who.int)
  • Data from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). (who.int)
  • Levofloxacin (LVX) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic. (dovepress.com)
  • Real-time PCR was applied to detect β-lactam resistance genes and conventional PCR was used to determine the phylotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of resistance genes were 89.6% for bla TEM , 44.3% for bla CTX-M , 6.6% for bla SHV and 0.9% for bla CMY . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acquisition of resistance genes has proven to be difficult to characterize and is largely uncontrollable in the environment. (karger.com)
  • Rising fluoroquinolone MIC values among Shigella isolates may be related to the emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Shigella species in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Whilst these data do not enable us to determine if resistance genes were transferred from patient to the wastewater system or indeed vice versa, they do allow us to confirm crossover in the resistome of clinically-relevant pathogens and the microbiome of the wastewater environment," the study authors wrote. (umn.edu)
  • Addition of efflux inhibitors did not result in the full reversion of the fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype, yet it implied a significant decrease in the resistance levels, regardless of the type(s) of mutation(s) found in the quinolone-resistance determining region of grlA and gyrA genes, which accounted for the remaining resistance that was not efflux-mediated. (unl.pt)
  • High throughput sequencing of amplified integron gene cassettes identified a novel functional variant of an IMP-type (proposed IMP-81) carbapenemase gene (eight aa substitutions) along with recently described novel resistance genes like sul4 and bla RSA1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using a computational hidden Markov model, we detected 27 unique metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes in the shotgun data, of which nine were novel subclass B1 genes, one novel subclass B2, and 10 novel subclass B3 genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study also demonstrates that the microbiota of hospital wastewater can serve as a reservoir of novel resistance genes, including previously uncharacterized carbapenemases with the potential to spread further. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This leads to accurate detection of both known and previously undescribed resistance genes in genomic and metagenomic sequence data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To evaluate the rate of bacteremia and the presence of fluoroquinolone resistance in pediatric patients with AML, with relapsed ALL, or undergoing HSCT who are receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis compared with no prophylaxis. (jhoponline.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance may rise with the increased use of levofloxacin prophylaxis. (jhoponline.com)
  • Infections secondary to these pathogens are widely common but multidrug resistance (MDR) in Enterobacterales has become a significant challenge with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of management. (frontiersin.org)
  • Phenotypic resistance of TB to FQ is associated with mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of DNA subunits A ( gyrA ) and B ( gyrB ), which encode a type II DNA topoisomerase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinicians should carefully monitor patients with Shigella infections who require fluoroquinolone treatment and report any possible treatment failures. (cdc.gov)
  • Several studies have provided data regarding clinical outcomes for CRE infections. (cdc.gov)
  • In this context, the goal of our study was to evaluate the number of deaths attributable to CRE infections by conducting a systematic review and metaanalysis of the available data. (cdc.gov)
  • There are few published clinical data available on the effectiveness of colistin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and gentamicin (which are likely to be active in vitro against CRE) for the treatment of CSE infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The ECDC data show that from 2016 to 2020, the number of infections and deaths due to almost all antibiotic resistances had increased. (medscape.com)
  • The Public Health Laboratory Service receives antibiotic susceptibility data for bacteria from bloodstream infections from most hospitals in England and Wales. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Among isolates tested for susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents, no evidence was found of decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefixime, or azithromycin, or resistance to spectinomycin. (cdc.gov)
  • The escalating global prevalence of MDR in Enterobacterales has led to limited treatment options, raising an urgent need for novel antimicrobial therapy(s) and detailed studies exploring underlying resistance mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Researchers analyzed the correlation between fluoroquinolone resistance (FR), extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESCR) and mortality among patients with hospital-onset GNR bacteremia. (respiratory-therapy.com)
  • According to the study, from 2003 to 2013, there were 6,860 patients with E. coli or Klebsiella species hospital-onset bacteremia: 4,813 with no resistance identified, 1,029 with ESCR, 202 with FR and 816 with both. (respiratory-therapy.com)
  • Moreover, compared with other phenotypic resistance patterns, bacteremia caused by FQR E. coli and Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study was conducted to detect the mutational profile of fluoroquinolone resistance in order to help in determining the potential utility and selection of adequate drug regimens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hata M, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Sato K, Ibe S, Sakae K: Cloning of a novel gene for quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2b. (karger.com)
  • The new recommendation is based on the widespread resistance of Shigella to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid, which are no longer recommended. (who.int)
  • We included studies describing dosage adjustment and factors determining LVX pharmacokinetics, or pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies exploring how best to prevent the emergence of resistance to LVX. (dovepress.com)
  • Research has focused on cost-effective antibiotic therapy and concern for emergence of antibiotic resistance with both typical and atypical organisms. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The consortium's aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • 1997 - Prohibited extralabel use of fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides ( FR Doc No: 97-13677 ). (fda.gov)
  • Complete HIV and MDR-TB data were available for 104 781 TB patients from 1997-2012. (ersjournals.com)
  • In the nursing home setting, treatment should consist of an antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone alone or either a high-dose beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor or a second- or third-generation cephalosporin, in combination with azithromycin. (aafp.org)
  • Nonhospitalized nursing home patients requiring treatment for pneumonia should be treated with an antipneumococcal fluoroquinolone, or either a high-dose beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor or a second- or third-generation cephalosporin, in combination with azithromycin (Zithromax). (aafp.org)
  • Similarly, isolates from Miami area also demonstrated the highest (95%) resistance to a cephalosporin (ceftazidime). (bvsalud.org)
  • Frasson I, Cavallaro A, Bergo C, Richter SN, Palu G: Prevalence of aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr plasmid-mediated and chromosome-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Italy. (karger.com)
  • For example, countries with high quality health systems were associated with low levels of antibiotic resistance among all the gram-negative bacteria 1 investigated, while high temperatures were associated with high levels of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. (pasteur.fr)
  • In MDR and treatment failure cases, resistance to FQs was most commonly associated with the D94G mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are currently observing increases in certain resistances in eastern Europe, which also commonly have a fatal outcome," he added. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines should be considered in patients with refractory disease, especially in areas with significant macrolide resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • NAATs to detect macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium are currently being developed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance correlated significantly with MICs for penicillin G but not tetracycline. (bmj.com)
  • In this study, we provide a partial remedy to these problems through the introduction of a software tool, Mumame (Mutation Mapping in Metagenomes), that can quantify and distinguish between wildtype and mutated gene variants in metagenomic data, and through suggesting a statistical framework for handling the output data of the software. (pensoft.net)
  • Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have long been used as anti-tuberculosis drugs, and their wide spread use has led to the development of resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. (unl.pt)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Exploring+the+contribution+of+efflux+on+the+resistance+to+fluoroquinolones+in+clinical+isolates+of+Staphylococcus+aureus. (unl.pt)
  • The data gathered by real-time fluorometric and RT-qPCR assays suggest that S. aureus clinical isolates may be primed to efflux antimicrobial compounds. (unl.pt)
  • All together, the results presented in this study show the potential role played by efflux systems in the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of S. aureus. (unl.pt)
  • The new Global Research on Antimicrobial Resistance (GRAM) report estimates deaths linked to 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations in 204 countries and territories in 2019. (hindustantimes.com)
  • One thing consumers should remember is that all pathogens potentially found on raw chicken, regardless of strain or resistance profile, are fully destroyed by handling the product properly and cooking it to an internal temperature of 165°F," Peterson concluded. (nationalchickencouncil.org)
  • The prevalence of resistance in Klebsiella spp. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Antimicrobial resistance mediated by efflux systems is still poorly characterized in Staphylococcus aureus, despite the description of several efflux pumps (EPs) for this bacterium. (unl.pt)
  • External societal costs of antimicrobial resistance in humans attributable to antimicrobial use in livestock. (cdc.gov)
  • This is the first nationwide study that quantifies the healthcare costs of antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Campylobacter gastroenteritis is generally a self-limiting disease avoiding antimicrobial prescription but, when antibiotic therapy is indicated, erythromycin and fluoroquinolone are the drugs of choice. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • Childhood leukemia is the most common form of pediatric cancer in the United States, accounting for nearly 1 of 3 cancers, with an incidence rate of 4.8 per 100,000 persons based on data from 2016 to 2020. (jhoponline.com)