Damaged nucleotides. Medical search. Frequent questions

This type of damage can be fixed by a process called nucleotide excision repair. (jove.com)
Damaged DNA can be detected and repaired in a process called nucleotide excision repair (NER). (jove.com)
Nucleotide excision repair relies on specific protein complexes to recognize damaged regions of DNA and flag them for removal and repair. (jove.com)
To investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) or nucleotide excision repair (NER) in contributing to the mutagenicity of BD, we conducted a series of experiments in which mice lacking mEH or NER activity were exposed to BD by inhalation or to the reactive epoxide metabolites of BD (epoxybutene-EB or diepoxybutane-DEB) by i.p. injection. (elsevierpure.com)
Excision is the general mechanism by which repairs are made when one of the double helix strands is damaged. (news-medical.net)
Base-excision repair involves the recognition and removal of a single damaged base. (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide excision repair is a widespread mechanism for repairing damage to DNA and recognizes multiple damaged bases. (news-medical.net)
Many of the xeroderma pigmentosum genes are involved in a DNA-repair mechanism called nucleotide excision repair (NER). (news-medical.net)
Nucleotide-excision repair, base-excision repair, O 6 -alkly-transferase, and mismatch repair serve to deal with base damage. (the-scientist.com)
This protein is known to act as an important sensor in the Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair (GG-NER) by recognizing sites of UV-induced DNA lesions [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The mutagenic effect of UV is efficiently neutralized by DNA repair processes involving not only GG-NER but also the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), a sub-pathway that preferentially removes DNA lesions generated in highly transcribed DNA regions [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Seven of these genes, XPA to XPG ( ERCC5 ), are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER). (orpha.net)
Nucleotide excision repair in yeast is mediated by sequential assembly of repair factors and not by a pre-assembled repairosome. (ncl.edu.tw)
First, the researchers find the damage and cut it out of the DNA the same way a cell does naturally, using what is called "base excision repair," the discovery of which won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry this year for Tomas Lindahl, a scientist in England. (utah.edu)
Burrows says the new study's key innovation was to use base excision repair to snip out the damage and then to insert the unnatural base pair at the damage site, making it possible to make millions of copies of the DNA - a process that normally would be prevented by the damage. (utah.edu)
These syndromes arise from mutations of genes critical for nucleotide-excision repair and RNA transcription. (medscape.com)
At least 28 genes are involved in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which is involved in protection against UV-induced DNA damage. (medscape.com)
Cockayne syndrome group A or B ( CSA or CSB ) genes are required for transcription-coupled repair, a subpathway of nucleotide-excision repair. (medscape.com)

NER employs a set of specialized proteins that first scan DNA to detect a damaged region. (jove.com)
Next, NER proteins separate the strands and excise the damaged area. (jove.com)
Epirubicin was reported to block DNA replication either through direct DNA damage or indirectly through inhibition of replication proteins such as topoisomerase. (nature.com)
Glycation of proteins, nucleotides and basic phospholipids by glyoxal and methylglyoxal--physiological substrates of glyoxalase 1--is potentially damaging to the proteome, genome and lipidome. (warwick.ac.uk)
Proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
In the early twentieth century, it was believed that proteins might carry genetic information because proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids, whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
Moreover, the co-localization between DDB2 proteins and different NER factors recruited at DNA damaged sites was analysed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
The HCR confirms itself as a very helpful approach to assess in the cellular context the effect of expressing mutant vs Wt NER proteins on the DNA damage response. (biomedcentral.com)
While GG-NER employs UV-DDB heterodimer and XPC complex to initiate the DNA repair process, TC-NER utilizes elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) proteins as damage sensors [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The binding activity expressed in embryos was apparently unrelated to human DNA repair damage-recognition proteins XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32, since those polypeptides recognized by an anti-human XPA、RPA-70 and RPA-32 antibody were detected only in 84-h-old zebrafish extracts. (ncl.edu.tw)

Using docking of suspected ligands, we were able to show Guanine and Adenine diand tri-nucleotides readily bind to the identified site. (scirp.org)
It is known to act through protein phosphorylation via PRKA and through the activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors like EPAC. (plos.org)
DNA is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, with the sugar attached to 1 of 4 possible nucleotide bases (adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymidine). (cdc.gov)

Another enzyme, DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides. (jove.com)
DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides, and then the DNA ligase enzyme seals the edges between the new and old DNA. (jove.com)
The enzymes remove the damaged base forming an AP site which is repaired by AP endonuclease before the nucleotide gap in the DNA strand is filled by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The process involves the recognition of damage which is then cleaved on both sides by endonucleases before resynthesis by DNA polymerase. (news-medical.net)
The cost is that Polymerase (Pol) Zeta often makes mutations as it bypasses damage. (creighton.edu)
Mutations in the translesion synthesis polymerase polh-1 act synergistically with smc-5 mutations in provoking genome instability after UV-induced DNA damage. (uni-koeln.de)
XPV , or POLH , encodes the DNA polymerase eta, which is required to replicate DNA containing UV-induced damage. (orpha.net)
Third, the DNA with the damage site labeled by an unnatural third base pair is then amplified or copied millions of times using a well-known existing method called PCR, or polymerase chain reaction. (utah.edu)

Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens-factors in the environment which can damage DNA and generate mutations. (jove.com)
If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are disrupted. (jove.com)
Either at genomic or at proteomic level, mutations have significant impact on normal gene or protein function, and human diseases could be associated with mutations like nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) on amino acids. (hindawi.com)
Although data of both gene mutations and PTMs are increasing fast, the proteome-wide analysis on the relationship between damaged PTMs and human diseases is not well studied. (hindawi.com)
It is known that Pol Zeta is a major contributor to formation of cancer mutations in result to environmental damage. (creighton.edu)
In contrast, the DNA damage accumulation and sensitivity of smc-5 mutant strains to replication impediments are suppressed by mutations in the C. elegans BRCA1/BARD1 homologs, brc-1 and brd-1. (uni-koeln.de)
Individuals who inherit mutations in DNA-damage response genes can exhibit many clinical problems, including cancer predisposition, neurodegeneration, increased cardiovascular disease, and premature aging. (the-scientist.com)
Sensitivity to PARP-inhibitors requires tumors to have mutations that disable effective repair of damaged DNA. (pcf.org)
That uptake directly places damage in the consumer's DNA, potentially triggering genetic mutations that may eventually lead to cancer and other diseases. (jpost.com)
University of Utah chemists devised a new way to detect chemical damage to DNA that sometimes leads to genetic mutations responsible for many diseases, including various cancers and neurological disorders. (utah.edu)
This graphic shows a new method, developed at the University of Utah, for identifying DNA lesions, or sites of damage on DNA strands that can lead to disease-causing mutations. (utah.edu)

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are molecules within cells that are a component of the innate immune response released from damaged or dying cells due to trauma or an infection by a pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
The second study suggested the possibility that the immune system detected "danger", through a series of what is now called damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), working in concert with both positive and negative signals derived from other tissues. (wikipedia.org)
DNA repair can be divided into a set of mechanisms that identify and correct damage in DNA molecules. (news-medical.net)
So, they devised a way to minimize the amount of damaged DNA that gets placed on the instrument by selecting for undamaged DNA molecules. (diwou.com)
Oligo Synthesizers are machines used to custom-build DNA molecules to contain a particular sequence of nucleotides. (digitaljournal.com)
Oligo Synthesizers can create specific DNA molecules for use in the treatment of a variety of diseases by replacing a faulty or damaged section of DNA with a repaired section. (digitaljournal.com)
Many studies link the consumption of charred and fried foods to DNA damage and attribute the harm to certain small molecules that form so-called reactive species in the body. (jpost.com)

the direct reversal of the chemical process generating the damage and the replacement of damaged nucleotide bases. (news-medical.net)
Damage to DNA is caused by the incorporation of incorrect nucleotide bases during DNA replication and the chemical changes caused by spontaneous mutation or exposure to environmental factors such as radiation. (news-medical.net)
Homologous recombination involves the exchange of nucleotide sequences to repair damaged bases on both strands of DNA through the utilization of a sister chromatid. (news-medical.net)
Agents from sunlight to chemicals, ionizing radiation, and oxygen radicals can either directly damage bases or break the phosphodiester backbone on which the bases reside. (the-scientist.com)
Cellular DNA can be damaged in several ways: Bases can be covalently altered, the phosphodiester backbone can break on one or both strands, or chemical interstrand cross-links can be introduced. (the-scientist.com)
Jan Riedl, a University of Utah postdoctoral fellow and the study's first author, says 99 percent of DNA lesions - damage to the chemical bases known as A, C, G and T that help form the DNA double helix - are repaired naturally. (utah.edu)
Such sequencing involves determining the order and location of bases on a DNA strand - including damage sites labeled by unnatural bases - by passing the strand through a molecule-size pore or nanopore. (utah.edu)
1. Is electrophilic or can be metabolical y activated to electrophiles does not alter the linear sequence of nucleotides (or bases) in the DNA, 2. (who.int)

Single-stranded annealing provides end joining between interspersed nucleotide repeats within the genome leading to one copy of the repeat and the intervening sequence being deleted in the process. (news-medical.net)
We believe that the damage to the DNA or the genome is one of the key drivers of aging. (acs.org)

This study investigated the role of TIGAR in DNA damage response (DDR) induced by genotoxic drugs and hypoxia in tumor cells. (nature.com)
To define a role of TIGAR in DNA damage, TIGAR expression was knocked down with siRNA in HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
DNA damage in HepG2 cells after TIGAR knockdown with or without treatment of epirubicin or CoCl 2 was detected by Comet assay. (nature.com)
They are also known as danger signals, and alarmin because they serve as a warning sign for the organism to alert it of any damage or infection to its cells. (wikipedia.org)
To counteract DNA damage, mammalian cells have evolved partially overlapping DNA repair systems to remove DNA lesions and restore their DNA back to its native form 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Without this protein, cells do not respond normally to DNA damage. (medlineplus.gov)
Combined with simple proliferative responses, the identified nucleotides are also shown to have functional consequences by inducing T cell proliferation for CD4/V β 20-1 + T cells, while failing to induce proliferation in other T cell isolates. (scirp.org)
Merging computational and simple cell assays, this work establishes a role of nucleotides in T cells found to contain this TCR subtype. (scirp.org)
This allows cells that would normally die from the damage to survive and replicate. (creighton.edu)
Cells cope with UV-induced DNA damage through two general strategies to repair the damaged nucleotides and to promote cell cycle progression in the presence of UV-damaged DNA. (uni-koeln.de)
And so this can directly reach the DNA in the cells of your skin, and this will damage it through just radiation and to illustrate how significant this is. (acs.org)
DNA damage is normally repaired by normal cells before it causes complications. (news-medical.net)
Other variables, according to researchers, may cause DNA damage in nerve cells. (news-medical.net)
Radiation, chemicals, byproducts of cellular metabolism, free radicals, ultraviolet rays from the sun-these agents damage thousands of nucleotides in each of our cells every day. (utah.edu)
DNA repair machines are constantly at work in our cells, fixing mismatched nucleotides and splicing broken DNA strands back together. (utah.edu)
p53 has been characterized to play a role in blocking the proliferative action of damaged cells and act as an anticancer agent. (thermofisher.com)
Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
While it's too soon to say this occurs in humans - the study only observed heat-damaged DNA component uptake and increased DNA injury in lab-grown cells and mice - the findings could have important implications for dietary choices and public health. (jpost.com)
In contrast, key components of DNA known as nucleotides that are made available through the normal breakdown of biomolecules - for instance, during digestion - are readily incorporated into the DNA of cells, suggesting a plausible and potentially significant pathway for damaged food DNA to inflict damage on other DNA downstream in consumers, the team wrote. (jpost.com)
A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, the main neuropathology of xeroderma pigmentosa is a primary neuronal degeneration, while in Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy, myelination of the brain is reduced, suggesting that the neurological abnormalities may be caused by both developmental defects and faulty DNA repair of neuronal cells damaged by oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been exposed. (lu.se)

As a sub-objective, since PDE10A transcript variants were reported strictly through analyses of bovine genomic sequence, we also wanted to determine the nucleotide and amino acid sequences by experimental evidence. (plos.org)

The phosphopentose pathway (PPP), which converts glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and NADPH to reduce DNA damage caused by ROS was reported to be activated in DDR 2 . (nature.com)
The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)

The non-defective strand is used as a template with the damaged DNA on the other strand removed and replaced by the synthesis of new nucleotides. (news-medical.net)

At that location the strands are separated and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cleave the strand on both sides of the damage. (jove.com)
Once identified, the strands at the damaged location are separated, and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cut and excise the affected region. (jove.com)
The repair of damage to both DNA strands is particularly important in maintaining genomic integrity. (news-medical.net)

Cheng WH, Muftuoglu M, Bohr VA. Werner syndrome protein: functions in the response to DNA damage and replication stress in S-phase. (medlineplus.gov)

Several mutation damage prediction scores are available to prioritize variants, but there is currently no application to help investigators to determine the relevance of the candidate genes and variants quickly and visually from population genetics data and deleteriousness scores. (nih.gov)
The list of such genes includes BRCA1 , BRCA2 , p53 , ATM , CHK2 , and many genes directly involved in the repair of damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes (XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3) and Their Association with Radiotherapy Toxicity among Head and Neck Cancer Patients:A Study from South-Western Maharashtra. (cdc.gov)
Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of DNA damage repair related genes and radiosensitivity in healthy individuals. (cdc.gov)

Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. (jove.com)
It specializes in inserting nucleotides across from bulky lesions in template DNA (for example, from harmful UV exposure). (creighton.edu)

UV light induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers which can distort the DNA chain structure, blocking transcription beyond the area of damage. (news-medical.net)
p53 mediates cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage or starvation for pyrimidine nucleotides. (thermofisher.com)

ii) mutation damage prediction scores from CADD, EIGEN and LINSIGHT and (iii) amino-acid positions and protein domains. (nih.gov)

DNA damage and metabolic disorders are intimately linked with premature disease onset but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
The results have provided evidence for the modulation of some key mechanisms involved in cellular damage by this compound. (hindawi.com)
Predictably, different mechanisms are needed to repair these broadly differing types of damage. (the-scientist.com)
Although these cellular-suicide mechanisms may protect the organism in some physiologic settings, such as by preventing cancer, the double-edged sword is that these same DNA-damage response pathways that help prevent cancer can also contribute to debilitating disease processes. (the-scientist.com)

Sperm intracellular cAMP levels depend on the activity of adenylyl cyclases, mostly SACY, though transmembrane-containing adenylyl cyclases are also present, and on the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) whose role is to degrade cAMP into 5'-AMP. (plos.org)

The chemists say their new method will let researchers study chemical details of DNA lesions or damage. (utah.edu)

In this study, we elucidated the proteome wide relationship of eight damaged PTMs to human inherited diseases and cancers. (hindawi.com)

Some human inherited diseases or cancers may be the consequences of the interactions of damaged PTMs, rather than the result of single damaged PTM site. (hindawi.com)
One of the powerful things about our method is we can read more than a single damaged site [and up to dozens] on the same strand of DNA. (utah.edu)

Identification and isolation of damage-recognition protein complexes from zebrafish(Danio rerio) early embryos. (ncl.edu.tw)

OxiSelect™ Oxidative UV-induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD Quantitation) is an enzyme immunoassay developed for rapid detection and quantitation of CPD in any DNA samples. (antibodies-online.com)

In this work, we chose eight experimentally demonstrated damaged PTMs to elucidate their association to human diseases including inherited diseases and cancers (somatic diseases). (hindawi.com)
Recent work has demonstrated that DNA-damage pathways are activated very early in the process of tumor development, 89 and elegant epidemiologic studies demonstrated long ago that exposure to environmental agents contributes to the development of the vast majority of human cancers. (the-scientist.com)

Here, we show that persistent DNA damage accumulation in tissue-infiltrating macrophages carrying an ERCC1-XPF DNA repair defect ( Er1 F/− ) triggers Golgi dispersal, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and exosome biogenesis leading to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo and ex vivo. (nature.com)
And one of those changes is the accumulation of damage to a number of different parts of the cell. (acs.org)
The main symptoms of xeroderma pigmentosum are caused by an accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage. (news-medical.net)
Although the brain is not exposed to UV rays, it is assumed that an accumulation of DNA damage causes neurological disorders. (news-medical.net)

Thus, carcinogens nogenic are polycyclic aromatic hy- to induce DNA damage, it can be may act not only by producing DNA drocarbons and benzene, which by cal ed a genotoxicant or a genotox- damage directly but also by altering themselves are relatively inert chem- in, and if it is shown that the agent the processes that control normal ical y. (who.int)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma MIF level and -173 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of the MIF gene with the occurrence, severity and mortality of sepsis patients. (who.int)

Thus, these papers anticipated the modern sense of the role of DAMPs and redox, important, apparently, for both plant and animal resistance to pathogens and the response to cellular injury or damage. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, Nar stimulates the mitochondrial calcium-dependent potassium channel (mitoBKCa), which causes an influx of potassium ions, a mild depolarization, and a decrease in the mitochondrial matrix calcium uptake, all of which contribute to stabilizing the mitochondria during cellular damage [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
1 Thus, a broad range of physiologic processes depends on cellular responses to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
In this work, we have investigated whether DDB2 protein may influence the repair of a UV-damaged DNA plasmid into the cellular environment by applying the HCR method. (biomedcentral.com)

Whether the elevated TIGAR expression protects DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents or hypoxia has not been explored. (nature.com)
From the perspective of cancer, DNA damage causes the disease, but it is also used to treat the disease via radiation and many chemotherapeutic agents. (the-scientist.com)

The WRN gene provides instructions for producing the Werner protein, which plays a critical role in repairing damaged DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, some pathways that are typically altered during cardiac aging-induced damage, including the generation of radical oxidative species, the mitochondrial metabolic activity, the modulation of the mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, and the regulation of estradiol and estrogen-regulated gene expression, were investigated [ 20 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Up to now there gle nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) late and MacConkey agar (Oxoid) have been no published data about the was identified in the untranslated 5´ plates both aerobically and anaerobi- incidence of sepsis in developing coun- region of the MIF gene at position -173 cally using BD GasPack EZ anaerobic tries. (who.int)

Examining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) involved in DNA damage response and tissue remodeling/repair, as a genetic approach to predict normal tissues response to ionizing radiation. (ualberta.ca)
We have shown that cooking can damage DNA in food and have discovered that consumption of this DNA may be a source of genetic risk," said chemistry Prof. Eric Kool. (jpost.com)
It was published in ACS Central Science under the title "Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food. (jpost.com)

And so DNA damage would be the chemical or radiation addition of extra atoms onto your DNA, and that messes with the code so that things can change. (acs.org)
Photosensitivity (with easy skin blistering after modest sun exposure), early freckling, and the development of lentiginous pigmentation are all symptoms of poor UV-radiation-induced damage healing. (news-medical.net)
UV radiation from the sun, as well as hazardous compounds contained in cigarette smoke, can cause DNA damage. (news-medical.net)
Direct macromolecule damage by radiation involves partial or complete energy transfer to one or more electrons on the molecule. (cdc.gov)

However, it remains unexplored if TIGAR plays an important role in DNA damage and repair. (nature.com)
Here, we present our findings on a novel role of TIGAR in DNA damage and repair. (nature.com)

DAMPs are endogenous danger signals that are discharged to the extracellular space in response to damage to the cell from mechanical trauma or a pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT , promotor-enhancer, can result in different dose-response relationships for 1099C/T). We also measured DNA damage (strand different groups of individuals. (cdc.gov)

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9209-14), but similar DNA damage from Cre alone has been shown in other cell types as well (Jae Huh W, et al. (jax.org)
DNA damage by ultraviolet (UV) light poses a risk for mutagenesis and a potential hindrance for cell cycle progression. (uni-koeln.de)
If a cell accumulates too many changes-if its DNA is so damaged that repair machinery cannot fix it-it either stops dividing or it self-destructs. (utah.edu)
Multicellular organisms can also deal with DNA damage through programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
For those reactive species to cause DNA damage, they must physically encounter DNA in a cell to trigger a deleterious chemical reaction - probably a rare event. (jpost.com)
4. Induces epigenetic alterations usual y arises as the cell attempts to repair the DNA damage. (who.int)

Examples of direct-acting elec- all have an impact on the outcome trophilic carcinogens are formalde- The term "genotoxic" refers to an of this proces s (Arana and Kunkel, hyde, sulfur mustard, and ethylene agent that induces DNA damage, 2010) . (who.int)

Renal and liver function tests should be ordered to rule out insidious damage from arsenic toxicity. (medscape.com)
Although NAs are generally safe and relatively free of major side effects, [ 10 ] nephrotoxicity and bone toxicity may occur in a small yet significant proportion of patients receiving older generations of nucleotide analogues, for example, adefovir and TDF. (medscape.com)

Goupil S, Maréchal L, El Hajj H, Tremblay M-È, Richard FJ, Leclerc P (2016) Identification and Localization of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 10A in Bovine Testis and Mature Spermatozoa. (plos.org)
Identification of one 50.2 and one 29-kDa UV-damage-DNA binding factor in 12-hr-old zebrafish extracts by EMSA linked to SDS-PAGE and determined by MALDI TOF analysis, indicated that the 29-kDa and 50.2-kDa polypeptides are high homologous to zebrafish fast skeletal muscle troponin T and vitellogenin. (ncl.edu.tw)

But what has never been documented before our study is the potentially large quantities of heat-damaged DNA available for uptake into a consumer's own DNA. (jpost.com)

They detect DNA damage, unwind damaged segments of DNA, snip off (excise) the abnormal parts, and replace the damaged areas with the right DNA. (news-medical.net)

Using mice with an engineered ERCC1-XPF defect in tissue-infiltrating macrophages, we provide evidence for a fundamental mechanism by which irreparable DNA damage triggers an exosome-based, metabolic reprogramming that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue pathology in NER progeroid syndromes and likely also during aging. (nature.com)

which makes it easier to detect the site of DNA damage by passing the strand of DNA through molecule-size nanopore. (utah.edu)

Anatomy7

Organisms11

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes91

Information Science5

Health Care4

Excision18

Proteins10

Guanine3

Polymerase8

Mutations11

Molecules7

Bases8

Genome2

Cells26

Sequences1

Pathway2

Synthesis1

Strands3

Replication1

Genes4

Bulky lesions2

Pyrimidine2

Amino acid1

Mechanisms4

Intracellular1

Lesions1

Proteome1

Single damaged2

Protein complexes1

Enzyme1

Cancers2

Accumulation4

Induce DNA damage1

Abstract1

Cellular4

Chemotherapeutic agents2

Gene3

Genetic3

Radiation4

Role2

Response2

Cell7

Genotoxic1

Toxicity2

Identification2

Potentially1

Excise1

Syndromes1

Detect1