Scaffolding Articular cartilageIntra-articularCalled the articular cartilageExtra articularFrictionDistalHyalineDegenerativeSubchondral boneLesionsBonesArthritisMeniscusBoneTibiaErosionsCartilage is damagedFracturesJointOsteoarthritisFibrocartilageBony surfacesShockOccurLigamentsJointsMenisciPosterior surfaceInflammationCapsuleTissueTissuesLabrumHealthySeverityLigamentOsteochondralWear andSurgeryReplacementInjuriesSurgical procedureTreatmentTearsDegenerationUnstableKnee CartilageKneesChondrocytesArtificial
Scaffolding Articular cartilage1
- Surgical techniques currently being studied include: bone marrow stimulation osteochondral autograft transplantation osteochondral allograft transplantation autologous chondrocyte implantation cell-based (using chondrocytes or stem-cells) or acellular scaffolding Articular cartilage stem cell paste grafting is another technique in use and is undergoing continued investigation. (wikipedia.org)
Intra-articular6
- In the early 1960s, the Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) developed general guidelines for the treatment of intra-articular distal tibial fractures, which led to open reduction and anatomic and rigid internal fixation. (medscape.com)
- This study aimed to investigate the anti-osteoarthritic activities of intra-articular administration of SHINBARO and determine its underlying molecular mechanism in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. (biomedcentral.com)
- Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single intra-articular injection of MIA into the infrapatellar ligament of the right knee. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intra-articular administration of SHINBARO (IAS) at 20 mg/kg remarkably restrained the decrease in bone volume/total volume, being 28 % ( P = 0.0001) higher than that in the vehicle-treated MIA group. (biomedcentral.com)
- Prolonged increase in intra-articular pressure may eventually lead to osteonecrosis, especially in the femoral head. (medscape.com)
- Erosions may also be seen at the intra-articular portion of the distal end of the radius or within the carpal bones. (medscape.com)
Called the articular cartilage1
- It results from damage to the coating or gliding surface in the knee called the articular cartilage. (wellstar.org)
Extra articular2
- However, acutely inflamed joints may be generally warm, tender, and erythematous, thus mimicking extra-articular infection and making it hard to find an uninvolved insertion site. (msdmanuals.com)
- This suggests that RA pathogenesis might originate in an extra-articular location, which we hypothesize is a mucosal site. (medscape.com)
Friction10
- Bio-mechanical behaviour of articular cartilage: characterisation of surface damage, friction and replacement. (bham.ac.uk)
- This allows the surfaces to move with less friction or irritation. (cromwellhospital.com)
- The hip is a ball and socket joint and a low friction tissue called articular cartilage covers the surface of the ball and the socket, allowing for the smooth motion of one bone across the other. (beaconortho.com)
- It has a smooth surface which allows the bones of the knee joint to slide over each other with very little friction. (newyorkortho.com)
- Articular cartilage reduces friction when bones glide over each other, making the movements smooth and painless. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
- Researchers from a British study also reported problems with the metal-on-metal implants causing adverse soft tissue reactions resulting from the friction of the metal-on-metal surfaces. (pittmandutton.com)
- Friction is a force that happens when surfaces rub against each other (with opposing motion). (wardsci.com)
- The post described how engineers reduce unwanted friction by separating surfaces. (wardsci.com)
- In fact, engineering students can study friction in the field of tribology-the science of interactive surfaces in relative motion-which also explores lubrication and wear. (wardsci.com)
- Demonstrates various physical science topics, including the resolution of forces on an inclined plane, kinetic and potential energies, uniform and accelerated motions, and the friction between two surfaces. (wardsci.com)
Distal4
- Pilon fractures in the distal tibia result from axial forces that can range from low to high energy and produce a spectrum of articular and metaphyseal injuries. (medscape.com)
- These fractures involve the dome of the distal tibial articular surface and extend into the adjacent metaphysis. (medscape.com)
- By contrast, distinct erosions were seen in the distal articular cartilage of the femur, with irregularity of the articular surface, in the 4-week control group, while the erosions were reduced and arthropathy improved slightly in the 4-week treatment group. (vin.com)
- The location at which there is the highest chance of radial nerve damage is on average 10 cm from the distal articular surface of the elbow, and no closer than 7.5 cm 3,4 . (radiopaedia.org)
Hyaline8
- The technique was devised in response to reports that many of the contemporary cartilage restoration procedures lead to the development of fibrocartilage, not true hyaline articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Knowing that fibrocartilage was not as durable as articular cartilage and that its formation yielded only short term clinical benefits, Stone proposed his paste grafting as a means of regenerating hyaline-like cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- The hypothesis was that harvesting a mixture of articular cartilage and cancellous bone would combine pluripotent cells of the cancellous bone with cartilage extracellular matrix and growth factors and when exposed to continuous motion, hyaline-like cartilage would be stimulated to form. (wikipedia.org)
- Histologically, 42 of 66 (63.6%) of biopsies showed strong evidence of replacement of their articular surface, and 18 of 66 biopsies (27.3%) showed development of normal looking hyaline cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Hyaline cartilage is a specific type of cartilage that is usually present in normal articular cartilage. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Again, the goal is to achieve normal articular hyaline cartilage with this operation. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Hyaline cartilage is also present in symphyses, as articular cartilage on bony surfaces. (pharmacy180.com)
- [ 1 ] It can be thought of as a degenerative disorder arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular (hyaline) cartilage in the synovial joints. (medscape.com)
Degenerative3
- Damage to the articular cartilage eventually leads to degenerative arthritis . (eorthopod.com)
- The model involved the induction of degenerative articular lesions in New-Zealand-White-rabbits by the injection of nalidixic-acid (389082) (NA). (cdc.gov)
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by abrasion of articular cartilage and trabecular bone loss [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Subchondral bone2
- TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrite and nitrotyrosine concentrations in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and trabecular bone of normal juvenile, normal adult, and osteoarthritic adult equine metacarpophalangeal joints. (unboundmedicine.com)
- However, the current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. (medscape.com)
Lesions5
- Lesions can appear in the surface, damaging the articular cartilage. (zehrcenter.com)
- Histochemical changes in the cartilaginous matrices within the articular lesions were seen at all stages of lesion development. (cdc.gov)
- More than 50 percentage of the articular cartilage has lesions that have deep crevices. (epainassist.com)
- A) Multinodular lesions on the dorsal surface of the left foot. (cdc.gov)
- Standard radiographs, a computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging of the affected foot showed symmetrical para-articular marginal erosion in the third and fourth metatarsophalangeal joints, with local inflammation and multiple subcutaneous nodular lesions containing small low-signal foci. (cdc.gov)
Bones19
- Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
- When the articular cartilage is worn away over time, the bones begin to rub against each other. (eorthopod.com)
- Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones in your knee joint. (zehrcenter.com)
- Articular cartilage has a smooth, slippery surface that allows the bones to slide over each other without rubbing. (zehrcenter.com)
- The bones are covered with smooth cartilage surfaces that act as a cushion during weight-bearing activity. (hss.edu)
- The bones of the knee are covered with a smooth, glistening layer called articular cartilage and connected by strong ligaments and powerful muscles that are attached to the thigh and calf by tendons, and which provide side-to-side stability. (hss.edu)
- Damaged cartilage causes a roughened joint surface and may lead to bones rubbing directly together. (hss.edu)
- Healthy articular cartilage can be seen on X-ray as a pronounced spacing between the bones. (hss.edu)
- The articular cartilage covers the surfaces of the bones in the joint, allowing them to glide smoothly against each other. (scoi.com)
- Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones, absorbing shock and providing a smooth surface for movement. (barnesjewish.org)
- In this procedure, physicians replace the ends of both bones in the damaged joint. (barnesjewish.org)
- The forces that cause an ACL rupture are powerful enough to damage the surface of the articular cartilage as well as the underlying bones. (stoneclinic.com)
- The meniscus is a 'C' shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber and conforms to the surfaces around our bones. (ozorthogroup.com.au)
- There are two types of cartilage in the knee - the thick, rubbery pads of cartilage known as the menisci and the cartilage that coats the end surfaces of the bones in the joint, known as articular cartilage. (cromwellhospital.com)
- FAI or "Femoroacetabular Impingement" is a condition where the hip bones are shaped abnormally and do not fit perfectly together, causing the bones to rub, which ultimately damages to the hip joint. (beaconortho.com)
- This problem leads to another serious problems of articular cartilage injury because weak muscles gives less support to knees as it absorbs less stress which apply on joint bones. (epainassist.com)
- Additionally, the CT data served as the basis for a new three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull, in which minor damage was repaired and the preserved bones digitally rearticulated. (peerj.com)
- The surfaces where the femur, tibia and patella touch are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth substance that cushions the bones and enables them to glide freely. (ashbergortho.com)
- Articular cartilage is the smooth, shiny, white tissue covering the ends of bones that form a joint. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Arthritis9
- Knee arthritis literally means "inflammation of the knee joint," most often as a result of cartilage in the joint wearing down to a degree where it no longer cushions the surfaces of bone which make up the joint. (hss.edu)
- If arthritis wears down the cartilage or injury damages the joint, knee pain will occur. (barnesjewish.org)
- Damage from arthritis to the knee joint cartilage and underlying bone might also result in deformities, such as knock-knee or bow-legs, and unusual knee sounds, called crepitus, might become more obvious. (wellstar.org)
- It is designed to replace the knee joint that has been damaged, usually by arthritis. (ahsa.com.au)
- Arthritis occurs when the articular cartilage or smooth gristle coating wears away on the bone surface, exposing the underlying bone, causing roughness and distortion to the joint. (ahsa.com.au)
- Meniscus actively distributes load bearing to protect the articular (joint) surface and helps to prevent or delay the on-set of arthritis. (ozorthogroup.com.au)
- Like the meniscus, articular cartilage can get damaged as a result of injury or diseases such as arthritis. (cromwellhospital.com)
- It is the damage to this surface, which causes arthritis. (berkmanmd.com)
- Because of its avascular nature (absence of blood supply), cartilage cannot repair itself and therefore surgical treatment is usually required to restore cartilage function and prevent progression of the damage into arthritis. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Meniscus6
- Many people have heard of torn cartilage and most tend to think of it as damage to the shock absorber or meniscus cartilage in the knee. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Unfortunately, it can be damaged, and when this smooth articular cartilage is damaged, it can be a much bigger problem than when the C-shaped shock absorber - meniscus cartilage - is torn. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Its smooth articular surface allows the femur to move easily over the tibial (shinbone) meniscus. (berkmanmd.com)
- The medial and the lateral meniscus are thin C-shaped layers of fibrocartilage, incompletely covering the surface of the tibia where it articulates with the femur. (berkmanmd.com)
- The majority of the meniscus has no blood supply and for that reason, when damaged the meniscus is unable to undergo the normal healing process that occurs in the rest of the body. (berkmanmd.com)
- Typically, when the meniscus is damaged, the torn pieces begin to move in an abnormal fashion inside the joint. (berkmanmd.com)
Bone11
- Articular cartilage is the smooth, rubbery material that covers the bone surfaces in most joints. (eorthopod.com)
- When two raw bone surfaces are held together like this, your body treats them like a broken bone. (eorthopod.com)
- The risks of infection and blood clots are always present, and Ganz and his colleagues cite complications such as heterotopic ossification (new bone formation around the hip), nerve injuries, failure of the greater trochanter to heal back properly, persistent pain following the formation of scar tissue ( adhesions ) in the hip joint, and a small risk of damage of the blood supply to the femoral head. (wikipedia.org)
- There is a prominence of the bone on the front of the femoral head so that when the hip is flexed upward the bony prominence engages with the front of the acetabulum, resulting in breakdown of both the labrum and articular cartilage. (mytpi.com)
- The iUni Knee Replacement System (KRS) is intended for use in one compartment of the osteoarthritic knee to replace the damaged area of the articular surface in patients with evidence of adequate healthy bone sufficient for support of the implanted components. (conformis.com)
- The bone tries to protect itself by producing small bony prominences called osteophytes which actually in the end make the joint damage and pain worse. (myrundoc.com)
- Also more pressure on knee cartilages over a period of time set off the cartilages thinner, then frictions starts off, then it leads to bone damage. (epainassist.com)
- The underlying sub chronal knee bone is visible and the knee articular cartilage has damaged severely. (epainassist.com)
- Drills holes are then placed through the bone plate to allow bleeding in the area which will aide in healing of the cartilage surface with fibrocartilage which is a kind of scarring of cartilage. (southfloridasportsmedicine.com)
- Furthermore, MIA causes a repeated progression of synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, destroys articular cartilage, and induces bone loss and chondral deformation [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Joint fusion entails removing the damaged articular cartilage and inserting small pieces of bone between the joint surfaces. (lu.se)
Tibia6
- A variable amount of damage can occur to the articular cartilage of the tibia, which can be scuffed, bruised, or fragmented. (medscape.com)
- This is a slow, progressive in which the articular cartilage of the femur, tibia, or patella wears down over time. (hss.edu)
- For a total knee replacement surgery, the ends of the damaged femur and tibia are capped with artificial surfaces lined with metal and plastic. (barnesjewish.org)
- Articular cartilage is the smooth surfaces at the end of the femur and tibia. (berkmanmd.com)
- The menisci incompletely cover the superior surface of the tibia where it articulates with the femur. (berkmanmd.com)
- The menisci act as shock absorbers, protecting the articular surface of the tibia as well as assisting in rotation of the knee. (berkmanmd.com)
Erosions2
Cartilage is damaged2
- When cartilage is damaged, it can cause severe pain, inflammation, stiffness, and decreased range of motion of the knee. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
- Allograft technique is recommended if a larger part of the cartilage is damaged. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Fractures1
- 2) Articular split, 3) fractures more than 4 weeks old, 4) open fractures. (who.int)
Joint22
- Most of the procedures are designed to remove the articular cartilage from the joint surfaces of the hinge joint and then bind the two surfaces together until they heal. (eorthopod.com)
- However, it lacks the smooth, glassy surface of the articular cartilage that normally covers the surface of the knee joint. (zehrcenter.com)
- In a person with knee osteoarthritis, the normally smooth surfaces of the joint becomes roughened and may cause increased pain, stiffness, and limited motion. (hss.edu)
- When an ACL is injured, it can be partially torn or completely torn, which could leave the knee unstable and at risk for worsening joint damage. (choa.org)
- This arthroscopic procedure uses a small, metal, cap-like implant to cover damaged or missing articular cartilage in the knee joint. (scoi.com)
- His practice interests include surgery of the hip and knee, including joint replacement, alternative bearing surfaces in the young adult hip and knee replacement population, and less invasive surgical techniques of the hip and knee. (barnesjewish.org)
- If any of those ligaments or cartilages is injured, that elegant rotation is disrupted-and, just as with car tires that are out of alignment, rapid wear on the joint surfaces occurs. (stoneclinic.com)
- The gross instability provides dynamic trauma to the joint surfaces and accelerates the articular cartilage wear. (stoneclinic.com)
- We know that, upon ACL injury, the damaged cells release factors in the knee joint that lead to tissue degeneration, as well as anabolic factors that evolution has optimized to stimulate a repair process. (stoneclinic.com)
- We measured nitric oxide (NO) end products in tissue layers that constitute the bearing surface of the joint, as possible indicators of physiological and pathological processes. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The similarities observed over the 3 tissue layers support the concept of the bearing surface of the joint as a functional entity. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This fibrocartilage represents the body's best effort at cartilage reformation and, while it may be imperfect, it is superior to leaving the raw bony surface to rub against the opposite side of the joint. (mytpi.com)
- Articular cartilage surgery involves chondroplasty - where cartilage is smoothed within a joint to restore movement. (cromwellhospital.com)
- If articular cartilage is torn or damaged, the ragged edges can catch within the joint, causing stiffness, pain and swelling, locking, and giving way. (cromwellhospital.com)
- These fragments "float" around the joint and cause more damage. (myrundoc.com)
- Articular cartilage is the "smooth Teflon lining" of the knee joint that coats all the gliding surfaces and makes the knee joint slippery and smooth. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Joint Replacement is a surgery performed to relieve pain from Arthritic and damaged joint. (orionhospital.in)
- Damaged joint surfaces or softening of the articular cartilage known as chondromalacia. (ashbergortho.com)
- The Patella (kneecap), attached to the quadriceps tendon above and the patellar ligament below, rests against the anterior articular surface of the lower end of the femur and protects the knee joint. (berkmanmd.com)
- Knee cartilage restoration is a surgical technique to repair damaged articular cartilage in the knee joint by stimulating new growth of cartilage or by transplanting cartilage into areas with defects in order to relieve pain and restore normal function to the knee. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
- In this method, numerous holes are created in the injured joint surface using a sharp tool. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
- In this method, a drilling instrument is used to create holes in the injured joint surface. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Osteoarthritis1
- In osteoarthritis, the surface of the cartilage becomes roughened, fissured and even starts to shred into small fragments. (myrundoc.com)
Fibrocartilage2
- Chondroplasty involves smoothing the surface of the articular cartilage by either shaving the articular cartilage, making drill holes into the defect in the cartilage to generate fibrocartilage, or treating it with a radio frequency probe. (cromwellhospital.com)
- The articular cartilage is either cut away, shaved until the surface is smooth, or drilled with holes in order to generate fibrocartilage. (cromwellhospital.com)
Bony surfaces1
- Precise elevation of the osteoperiosteal flap ensures adequate protection of the raw bony surfaces. (dnahelix.com)
Shock2
- Articular cartilage also acts sort of like a shock absorber. (eorthopod.com)
- This is degeneration of the articular cartilage which absorbs shock, distributes stress and allows the joints to glide smoothly. (myrundoc.com)
Occur3
- Damage to the ligament is very painful can occur due to high impact, bending, or landing on a slightly bent knee. (healthline.com)
- There is damage to the articular surface cartilage which can occur either from an acute injury or more commonly after repetative injury and/or wear and tear. (southfloridasportsmedicine.com)
- Articular cartilage damage can occur from normal wear and tear of the knee joints, increasing age, injury, or other disease conditions. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Ligaments2
- The left ilium has been detached to display the auricular surface of the sacrum and the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments. (stanford.edu)
- Thus, if one of these ligaments is significantly damaged, the knee will be unstable when planting the foot of the injured extremity and pivoting, causing the knee to buckle and give way. (berkmanmd.com)
Joints2
Menisci1
- Major causes are osteochondritis dissecans, synovial chondromatosis, osteophytes, fractured articular surfaces and damaged menisci. (jefferson.edu)
Posterior surface1
- Coronary sinus, normally located between the LEFT ATRIUM and LEFT VENTRICLE on the posterior surface of the heart, can serve as an anatomical reference for cardiac procedures. (bvsalud.org)
Inflammation1
- Over time this chronic inflammation can cause cartilage damage, leading to pain and stiffness. (wellstar.org)
Capsule1
- LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament), entirely separate from the articular capsule, connects the lateral (outer) epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula and resists varus (bending in) force. (berkmanmd.com)
Tissue5
- the metallic particles then entered patients' bloodstreams, causing damaged tissue and crippling injuries. (frenkelfirm.com)
- Once again this high-speed burr is intended to help promote the formation of scar tissue, but it cannot be expected to form normal articular cartilage. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- These patients showed higher rates of wear and tear and soft tissue damage. (pittmandutton.com)
- It is a surgical procedure where a person's diseased or damaged cornea is replaced by a corneal tissue that is donated. (avocure.com)
- The mucosal surfaces contain regional lymph structures (MALT or regional lymph nodes) and in certain conditions ectopic lymphoid tissue. (medscape.com)
Tissues2
- During the procedure, the surgeon also can insert surgical instruments through other small incisions in your knee to remove or repair damaged tissues. (ashbergortho.com)
- Although the method is similar to microfracture, it is less precise, and the heat produced during drilling may damage other tissues. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Labrum2
- However, when symptoms develop, which indicate damage to the cartilage or labrum, the disease is likely to continue to develop and potentially get worse. (beaconortho.com)
- The procedure is primarily done arthroscopically with small incisions where the doctor can repair and clean out damage to the labrum and cartilage. (beaconortho.com)
Healthy1
- A normal or a healthy knee articular cartilage. (epainassist.com)
Severity1
- Light microscopic findings indicated progressive damage with increasing duration of treatment and included, in various degrees of severity, clefts in articular cartilage containing collagen strands, pyknotic nuclei in necrotic chondrocytes, cartilaginous flaps, and vesicles. (cdc.gov)
Ligament1
- The ligament reinforces the knee's articular capsule's medial surface. (healthline.com)
Osteochondral2
- The value of autologous osteochondral paste for in-vitro treatment of damage to articular cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -None of the diagnostic techniques evaluated was sufficiently sensitive to detect all osteochondral damage. (avma.org)
Wear and1
- Articular cartilage is often damaged by injury or normal wear and tear. (newyorkortho.com)
Surgery4
- However, many labral tears have associated articular damage which may not be detected before surgery. (mytpi.com)
- How is articular cartilage surgery carried out? (cromwellhospital.com)
- What happens after articular cartilage surgery? (cromwellhospital.com)
- Cultured cells form a larger patch which is then implanted in the damaged part by open surgery. (jonwhitehurstmd.com)
Replacement2
- By contrast, the 4-week treatment group showed chondrocyte replacement, with close to normal articular cartilage on the articular surface sometimes. (vin.com)
- Hip Replacement Problems Johnson & Johnson's subsidiary, DePuy Orthopaedics, sold the Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) devices until 2010, when it was recalled due to early failure rates. (frenkelfirm.com)
Injuries3
- Injuries to the knee, especially for kids and teens who are still growing, can lead to short-term and long-term damage. (choa.org)
- Sometimes articular cartilage injury in a knee is difficult to identify as the signs overlap with the sprain injuries. (epainassist.com)
- It is also sued to treat coloboma or people whose iris have been damaged by traumatic injuries. (avocure.com)
Surgical procedure1
- A surgical procedure to smooth the surface of the articular cartilage to restore movement in the knee. (cromwellhospital.com)
Treatment3
- Regeneration of articular cartilage was seen in gross observations in the 4-week treatment group. (vin.com)
- Until recently, the treatment of articular cartilage defects has been remarkably poor. (pinnacle-ortho.com)
- Before we learn about the diagnosis and treatment for articular cartilage injury, it is important to know the risk factors that can cause injury to the articular cartilage. (epainassist.com)
Tears1
- The knee articular cartilage has small tears seen on the cartilage. (epainassist.com)
Degeneration1
- Data were correlated with cartilage damage, as quantified by the Cartilage Degeneration Index. (unboundmedicine.com)
Unstable1
- There's a high risk of causing the articular cartilage as the previous injury has made the knees unstable. (epainassist.com)
Knee Cartilage1
- How Nose Cells Help In Repairing Damaged Knee Cartilage? (epainassist.com)
Knees5
- A pediatric-trained doctor will know how to diagnose and care for kids and teens to help avoid any long-term damage to the knees. (choa.org)
- Osteoarthropathy was induced chemically by injecting 0.5 ml of 4% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into the articular space of both knees in rabbits, twice a week for 4 weeks. (vin.com)
- Avoid high-impact and repetitive activities that are hard on your knees, like jumping and landing on hard surfaces. (wellstar.org)
- This gives more strain over knees therefore more pressure on knee articular cartilage. (epainassist.com)
- If a person is having biomechanical problems like uneven legs, flat feet, crooked knees and so on there is a high risk of experiencing articular cartilage injury. (epainassist.com)
Chondrocytes1
- Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) is an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) that results in a reduction of glycolysis and causes articular cartilage changes related to the histological and morphological features of OA by impeding integration of the chondral structure and inducing cell death of chondrocytes [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Artificial1
- In this damaged articular surface is replaced by artificial prosthesis. (orionhospital.in)