Damage repair pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

These are considered the most severe type of DNA damage, capable of causing genetic mutations or cell death. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
On the other hand, DNA repaired by polymerase theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) can result in the loss of some genetic information and cause mutations. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
After the long-range resection, the damaged DNA is repaired through error-free HR. Furthermore, it was discovered that the binding of MSH2-MSH3 inhibits the access of POLθ, which mediates a more error-prone TMEJ pathway, thereby preventing mutations that may occur during DSB repair. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Proliferative control in cancer cells is frequently disrupted by mutations in the retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway. (bepress.com)
Intriguingly, RB1 mutations can arise late in tumorigenesis in cancer cells whose RB pathway is already compromised by another mutation. (bepress.com)
In this study, we present evidence for increased DNA damage and instability in cancer cells with RB pathway defects when RB1 mutations are induced. (bepress.com)
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens-factors in the environment which can damage DNA and generate mutations. (jove.com)
If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are disrupted. (jove.com)
In humans, mutations in the NER pathway can cause diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which is associated with a 2000-fold increase in the incidence of skin cancer. (jove.com)
Over the past few years, a type of gene therapy - injecting healthy genes into the eye to repair mutations - has emerged as a promising way to treat congenital and degenerative blindness. (newscientist.com)
Cancer cells can be deficient in homologous recombination repair mechanisms, which can be caused by BRCA mutations as well as potentially several other deleterious genetic changes. (fda.gov)
UV-Induced DNA Damage, Repair, Mutations and Oncogenic Pathways in Skin Cancer. (acs.org)

Epirubicin was reported to block DNA replication either through direct DNA damage or indirectly through inhibition of replication proteins such as topoisomerase. (nature.com)
The effect of NEDD8 inhibition may be greater for cancer cells than for normal cells if the cancer cells are already deficient in DNA repair due to prior epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes active in alternative pathways (see synthetic lethality). (wikipedia.org)
We further show that inhibition of a single DDR process (FA pathway, PARP, ATR or ATM) increases the susceptibility of glioblastoma cell lines and patient-derived GSCs to current adjuvant therapy. (whiterose.ac.uk)
In clinically-relevant 3D GSC models, simultaneous inhibition of the FA pathway (FAPi) and PARP or ATR enhanced temozolomide sensitisation compared to a single DDR inhibitor (DDRi). (whiterose.ac.uk)
Notably, these effects were shown to be mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of the ROS-p38-p53 pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Veuger et al (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-I. Cancer Res. (tocris.com)
This pulmonary exposure to alcohol can damage the bronchial epithelial layer of the lung [ 6 , 7 ], while impairing the lung's ability to repair epithelial wounding via inhibition of the PKA pathway [ 8 ]. (cdc.gov)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

One or more DNA repair genes in seven DNA repair pathways are frequently epigenetically silenced in cancers (see e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Instead of activating DNA repair, the altered ATM protein allows variants to accumulate in other genes, which may cause cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. (medlineplus.gov)
This powerful genetic pathway turns on over 200 genes, many of which are related to detoxification and cellular repair. (elanaspantry.com)
This protein signals the body to repair itself via the Nrf2 pathway which triggers the expression of antioxidant enzymes and survival genes. (elanaspantry.com)
A. Sorour, I. Talaat, T. Youssif and M. Atta, "Detection of Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes (XRCC1 and XPC) in Prostate Cancer," Journal of Cancer Therapy , Vol. 4 No. 10, 2013, pp. 1499-1505. (scirp.org)
But some melanoma cells appear to rely heavily on the NHEJ pathway to produce extra copies of genes that may be responsible for drug resistance, according to results published in Cancer Discovery on January 26. (cancer.gov)
These genes collaborate in a complicated pathway (FA pathway), which is responsible for the repair of DNA damage. (medscape.com)
A genome-wide study in a northern European population replicated the association of SLE with susceptibility genes related to B-cell receptor pathway signaling, as well as confirmed the association of SLE with genes at the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5)-TNPO3 locus. (medscape.com)

This type of damage can be fixed by a process called nucleotide excision repair. (jove.com)
Damaged DNA can be detected and repaired in a process called nucleotide excision repair (NER). (jove.com)
Nucleotide excision repair relies on specific protein complexes to recognize damaged regions of DNA and flag them for removal and repair. (jove.com)
In addition to proteasome-mediated protein degradation, activated NEDD8 is needed for at least two pathways of DNA repair: nucleotide excision repair (NER) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) (see NEDD8). (wikipedia.org)

Among the several mechanisms for repairing DSBs, homologous recombination repair (HR) is one such mechanism that is highly precise and error-free, as it uses the undamaged sister chromatid as a template to repair DSBs. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species as well as impaired homologous recombination repair underlie this DNA damage. (bepress.com)

Led by Professor MYUNG Kyungjae, Director of the Center of Genomic Integrity (CGI) within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), the research teams of Professor LEE Ja Yil at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, and Professor OH Jung-Min at Pusan National University have discovered that repair proteins involved in DSB repair, mismatch repair, and TMEJ are closely related and interact with each other during DSB repair process. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
For instance, DSBs are repaired by DSB repair proteins, while improperly paired DNA bases are repaired by mismatch repair proteins. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
However, this study revealed that repair proteins previously thought to be responsible for different repair mechanisms can interact with each other to recognize damaged sites and select an appropriate repair mechanism. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Director Myung said, "This research has revealed a new function of the mismatch repair protein MSH2-MSH3 in regulating DSB repair," adding, "The repair proteins that have been believed so far to act independently in the mismatch repair, double-stranded break repair, and TMEJ repair pathways are now shown to closely interact each other for proper maintenance of genomic integrity. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
NER employs a set of specialized proteins that first scan DNA to detect a damaged region. (jove.com)
Next, NER proteins separate the strands and excise the damaged area. (jove.com)
In prokaryotes, the NER complex consists of the three Uvr proteins, but in eukaryotes, more than a dozen proteins operate to regulate DNA repair. (jove.com)
After analysing for many years the way that DNA glycosylases, APE1 and XRCC1 initiate the repair of 8-oxoG or abasic sites, our laboratory is now interested in studying the effect on BER proteins of cellular environmental changes such as oxidative stress or the switch from stem cells to differentiation. (cea.fr)
These effects on cellular proteins and pathways were unique to K+CS treatment and were not observed with KPT-330 or CS single agent treatment. (confex.com)
In addition, UV induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, resulting in oxidative stress and damage to cell structure, DNA, proteins and lipids ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Among these cell-signaling proteins, activation of p53 is important in cells with UV radiation-induced DNA damage ( 4 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Reconstitution of DNA Base Excision-Repair with Purified Human Proteins: Interaction between DNA Polymerase Beta and the XRCC1 Protein," The EMBO Journal, Vol. 15, No. 23, 1996, pp. 6662-6670. (scirp.org)

These are relatively mild damages that can be easily repaired by specialized enzymes that can seal the break and restore the integrity of the DNA molecule. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
At that location the strands are separated and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cleave the strand on both sides of the damage. (jove.com)
Once identified, the strands at the damaged location are separated, and endonuclease enzymes such as UvrC cut and excise the affected region. (jove.com)
The ATM protein coordinates DNA repair by activating enzymes that fix the broken strands. (medlineplus.gov)
In particular, certain types of ALKBH enzymes are dioxygenases that directly reverse DNA methylation damage via transfer of a methyl group from the DNA adduct onto α-ketoglutarate and release of metabolic products including succinate and formaldehyde. (frontiersin.org)
Direct DNA repair comprises several types of DNA repair enzymes that reversibly remove alkyl groups from damaged DNA bases through oxidative dealkylation processes. (frontiersin.org)
XRCC1 participation in these pathways is mediated by its interactions with several of the acting enzymes. (nih.gov)
On the contrary, the stimulation in the appearance of the incision product seems to reflect the addition of the effects of XRCC1 on the two first enzymes of the pathway. (nih.gov)

The current study aimed to advance our understanding of tirapazamine-induced lesions and the pathways involved in their repair. (aacrjournals.org)
Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. (jove.com)
It is now clear that BER is the main pathway involved in the removal of these lesions. (cea.fr)
Importantly, alkylating agents induce DNA damage at different genomic sites, which subsequently leads to lethal and/or mutagenic DNA base lesions. (frontiersin.org)
The published original articles or reviews will open new paths toward the understanding of the generation and repair of DNA lesions, thus making it possible to advance knowledge of the processes that are at the origin of tumorigenesis. (mdpi.com)

This study investigated the role of TIGAR in DNA damage response (DDR) induced by genotoxic drugs and hypoxia in tumor cells. (nature.com)
To define a role of TIGAR in DNA damage, TIGAR expression was knocked down with siRNA in HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
Epirubicin, a DNA damaging anticancer agent and CoCl 2 , which was used to imitate hypoxia condition, was applied to induce DNA damage in TIGAR knockdown HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
DNA damage in HepG2 cells after TIGAR knockdown with or without treatment of epirubicin or CoCl 2 was detected by Comet assay. (nature.com)
HSER in normal and XP-C cell lines, but not CS-A, XP-A, XP-D or XP-G cells, suggests that HS treatment can enhance the repair of UV-damaged DNA through an enhancement of transcription coupled repair (TCR) or a mechanism which involves the TCR pathway. (mcmaster.ca)
Cells maintain genome integrity by having various pathways to repair DSBs. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
But How do cells select the right repair process? (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Laser microirradiation is used to mimic the DSBs in cells and measure the recruitment of green flurecent protein-labeled MSH2 (GFP-MSH2) or EXO1 (GFP-EXO1) to the DNA damage site (indicated by the red line) under a confocal microscope. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
There are various repair mechanisms in our cells, each tailored to the type of DNA damage. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Cells with even one mutant copy of RB1 have increased basal levels of DNA damage and increased mitotic errors. (bepress.com)
RB1 deletion in retinoblastoma protein pathway-disrupted cells results in DNA damage and cancer progression" Molecular and Cellular Biology Vol. 39 Iss. (bepress.com)
The hypothesis proposed by the researchers is that by inhibiting the function of PRKDC, DNA damage is worsened within tumor cells, and a synergistic effect takes place where the effect of doxorubicin is amplified, thereby killing the tumor. (uwinhealth.com)
Such cells may then die because of deficient DNA repair leading to accumulation of DNA damages. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the ATM protein assists cells in recognizing damaged or broken DNA strands. (medlineplus.gov)
Cells without any functional ATM protein are hypersensitive to radiation and do not respond normally to DNA damage. (medlineplus.gov)
These include novel resected and residual disease models based on careful macrodissection of rare en-bloc partial lobectomy specimens to liberate parallel GSC lines from the tumour core and adjacent infiltrated brain, which represent cells removed and those typically left behind after surgery. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Gene therapy to reverse blindness repairs damaged cells in the eye and also rearranges the brain to help process the new information. (newscientist.com)
One of the questions that people have asked about this gene therapy, says Pierce, is whether it might repair the retinal cells but not affect the brain pathways. (newscientist.com)
Here, we tested whether ALKBH6 plays a significant role in preventing alkylating DNA damage and decreasing genomic instability in pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
The extremely low 5-year overall survival of patients is, in part, due to pancreatic cancer cells having several mechanisms of resistance to different chemotherapeutic treatments, one of which is their capacity to efficiently repair alkylating agent-induced DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)
Several alkylating agents are commonly used in chemotherapy but may induce DNA damage to cancer cells as well as normal cells. (frontiersin.org)
These cells can't recover from the DNA damage that accumulates when inhibiting the enzyme PARP with a drug like olaparib, resulting in the death of those cancer cells. (fda.gov)
The IGF1 is the rejuvenating hormone found in the human body that can naturally heal, repair, and restore cells. (ipsnews.net)
DNA in most cells is regularly damaged by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. (scirp.org)
Radiosensitizes both proliferating and quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to IR and inhibits DSB repair. (tocris.com)
This will provide critical new information towards designing therapies targeting the myelin-producing cells to drive myelin repair and prevent MS progression. (msaustralia.org.au)
In healthy cells, this NHEJ pathway helps repair specific types of damage to DNA. (cancer.gov)
Finding treatments for resistant cancers "is a daunting clinical problem," said Dr. Lo, noting that many pathways in cells can lead to drug resistance. (cancer.gov)
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
XRCC1 participates in DNA single strand break and base excision repair (BER) to preserve genetic stability in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
Several possible mechanisms were considered for the induction of human leukemia, such as clastogenic damage to circulatory stem cells. (who.int)
Just 2 years later, Falck was pro- of the adult brain was fixed and immuta- moted to department chairman, and he ble and that nerve cells could not be handed over most of his laboratory to his regenerated after damage or death. (lu.se)
The pair thought it might be transplanted into rats to relieve Parkinson- to join the medical school at the Univer- possible to implant immature cells into like symptoms, Björklund and former stu- sity of Lund, where he would stay for his damaged brain areas, where the new cells dent Olle Lindvall initiated the first clinical entire career. (lu.se)
These cells are heavily damaged in patients with lung fibrosis. (lu.se)
Previously, our research team had found that two molecules, or more specifically, co-transcriptional regulators, known as YAP and TAZ, are involved in the damage of the lung epithelial cells. (lu.se)
Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. (lu.se)
Normal multipotent tissue stem cells (SCs) are the driving force behind tissue turnover and repair. (medscape.com)

Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA has been implicated in human degenerative diseases, tumorigenesis and aging. (cea.fr)
In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)

Anomalies within the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) contribute to the treatment refractory nature of this devastating brain tumour with difficult-to-treat glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) subpopulations reported to exhibit heightened activity in various DDR processes. (whiterose.ac.uk)
We have observed that after induction of 8-oxoG in the cellular DNA, OGG1, APE1 and XRCC1 are recruited from a soluble nucleoplasmic fraction to the chromatin, following a kinetics that is in good correlation with the repair rate. (cea.fr)
An excessive level of ROS damages many cellular and tissue components. (hindawi.com)
When the cellular damage in your body becomes high that cannot be repaired or degenerated with your ability then your repairing mechanism is been damaged. (ipsnews.net)
Mechanistically, protein profiling through mass spectroscopy revealed that K+CS uniquely affects the cellular pathways of DNA damage repair, DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. (confex.com)
Pathway analyses through RNA sequencing also paralleled the findings of proteomic studies thus further validating the unique effect of K+CS treatment on the aforementioned cellular pathways. (confex.com)
UV irradiation represents a major challenge to genomic integrity throughout the evolution of terrestrial organisms, resulting in the development of specific mechanisms that govern the cellular response to UV-induced DNA damage. (rupress.org)

Thus, one mechanism of epirubicin combined TACE treatment for HCC was through induction of synergistic DNA damage. (nature.com)
Until now, most researchers thought that a specific type of DNA damage is only repaired by its corresponding DNA repair mechanism. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
More importantly, the results unveil a highly coordinated mechanism by which XRCC1, through its multiple protein-protein interactions, extends its orchestrating role from the base excision step to the resealing of the repaired DNA strand. (nih.gov)

Research using the model pointed toward potential pathways to improve therapies, including DNA damage repair pathways which are well-known for their involvement in other types of cancer. (bioengineer.org)
Introduction: Glioblastoma represent around half of newly diagnosed glial tumours and continue to portend poor survival (median 15.6 months) despite maximal safe surgical resection followed by DNA-damaging adjuvant therapies. (whiterose.ac.uk)
This thesis therefore, considers whether combined targeting of the FA pathway and interconnected DDR processes could form a basis for new, effective multimodal therapies. (whiterose.ac.uk)

MTorc is the ancient pathway found in all mechanisms of your body. (ipsnews.net)
This is achieved, inter alia, by means of specific repair mechanisms that ensure an efficient and prompt correction of the DNA defects. (mdpi.com)

Furthermore, CLC3 accelerated SGK1 expression via PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway. (bvsalud.org)

This imbalance has at least two direct consequences: damage to individual components of the living cell and induction of inflammatory pathways that further perpetuate the damage. (hindawi.com)
Turmeric contains curcumin which activates the Nrf2 pathway, key in reducing inflammation, and ginger, high in antioxidants and replete with anti-inflammatory properties, does the same. (elanaspantry.com)
The IL-17, TNF-α and DKK-1 levels were elevated in RA and positively correlated with disease activity, involved in the Wnt signalling pathway of inflammatory and joint destructive effects, combining them to monitor the RA disease process and biologically treat the cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA were valuable. (bvsalud.org)
These data suggest that alcohol exposure depresses the ability of the lung to activate PKCε-dependent inflammatory pathways to environmental dust exposure. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
It is also known that alcohol, at least in part, exerts its anti-inflammatory response via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis pathway resulting in increases of glucocorticoids [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

This results in an acceleration of the overall repair process of oxidized purines to yield an APE1-cleaved abasic site, which can be used as a substrate by DNA polymerase beta. (nih.gov)

The Cdk5-AMT signal pathway involved in regulation of DDR by TIGAR defines a new role of TIGAR in cancer cell survival and it suggests that TIGAR may be a therapeutic target for cancers. (nature.com)
The sixth event, The new medicine of DNA repair pathways: damage repair vulnerabilities in cancer , will take place virtually, hosted by Dr Simon Boulton (The Francis Crick Institute). (ox.ac.uk)
Because of its central role in cell division and DNA repair, the ATM protein is of great interest in cancer research. (medlineplus.gov)
The Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway represents a key DDR process which remains relatively inactive in normal brain, but is re-activated in glioblastoma, raising its value as a foundational target for cancer-specific treatment. (whiterose.ac.uk)
However, very little is known about the regulation of SC maintenance pathways in cancer and how these are affected by cancer-specific genetic alterations and by treatment. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, pathways controlling the self-renewal capacity of normal tissue SCs are frequently deregulated in human cancer. (medscape.com)

deficits in repair capacity may lead to genetic instability and carcinogenesis. (scirp.org)

This class of drugs inhibits a specific DNA repair pathway. (fda.gov)

UV-B-induced DNA damage can trigger cell signaling pathways to activate defense systems, leading to DNA repair and/or apoptosis ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition to the pathogonomic translocation , MCL progression is controlled by secondary genetic abberations and dysregulated signaling pathways involved in DNA damage repair , proliferation , and apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)

Importantly, clinically approved PARP inhibitor (PARPi) monotherapy stimulates robust FANCD2 monoubiquitination, supporting a role of FA pathway activation in response to current DDR-targeted therapy. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Some patients may have more than one type of resistant tumor, and in each resistant tumor different pathways may be responsible for the resistance. (cancer.gov)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)

The 19 awards just announced will fund new ideas up to €75,000 (AUD $118,000) for one year, and includes new insights into the loss of nerve fibres in progressive MS, and molecular pathways that promote protection of nerves, and repair of the myelin sheath. (msaustralia.org.au)

Contributors discuss genetic variants that accelerate or protect against aging, biochemical pathways that modulate longevity (e.g., mTOR), biological consequences of aging (e.g., decline in stem cell function), and various animal models used to study aging processes. (cshlpress.com)

Specifically, it was revealed that MSH2-MSH3, a DNA mismatch repair protein, actually plays a crucial role in the DSB repair process. (globalhealthnewswire.com)

Right now, the most common theory is that the disease could potentially be triggered by an initial injury to the lung epithelium which in turn induces an abnormal repair pathway, leading to d amage of the lung. (lu.se)

The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of a comprehensive and protective antioxidant response [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)

Localisation of BER complexes into euchromatin regions after induction of oxidative DNA damage. (cea.fr)

Conclusion: Simultaneously targeting the FA pathway and interconnected DDR processes represents an appealing therapeutic strategy. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Extensive water damage after major hurricanes and floods increases the likelihood of mold contamination in buildings. (cdc.gov)

A recombinant nonreplicating human adenovirus type 5, Ad5HCMVsp1lacZ, expressing the lacZ gene under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, was used to assess the effect of heat-shock (HS) on DNA repair of a UV-damaged reporter gene. (mcmaster.ca)
Host cell reactivation (HCR) of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity for UV-irradiated Ad5HCMVsp1lacZ was used as an indicator of DNA repair in the transcribed strand of an active gene. (mcmaster.ca)
Results: Elevated FA pathway gene expression in gliomas is associated with poor survival. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (ALKBH) is a DNA repair gene involved in the repair of alkylating DNA damage. (frontiersin.org)

As DNA is a molecule consisting of two strands, either one or both of the strands can be damaged. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Single-strand break (SSB), occur when one of the two strands of DNA is damaged or broken. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
On the other hand, a double-strand break (DSB) refers to when both strands of DNA are damaged. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Efficient repair of damaged DNA strands helps maintain the stability of the cell's genetic information. (medlineplus.gov)

The base excision repair (BER) pathway is the main pathway for the repair of DNA base damage and single strand breaks. (cea.fr)

Finally, the enzyme DNA ligase seals the edges between the new and old DNA completing the repair. (jove.com)
XRCC1 stimulates the formation of the hOGG1 Schiff-base DNA intermediate without interfering with the endonuclease activity of APE1, the second enzyme in the pathway. (nih.gov)

Here, we report that XRCC1 interacts physically and functionally with hOGG1, the human DNA glycosylase that initiates the repair by BER of the mutagenic oxidized base 8-oxoguanine. (nih.gov)

This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system-the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. (hindawi.com)

These outcomes correlated with nFe2O3 dissolution, increased intracellular iron, and genotoxicity, as well as significant changes in pathways related to DNA damage repair and autophagic processes. (cdc.gov)

Ultraviolet (UV) light is one of the most harmful environmental factors that contribute to skin damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly UV-B (290-320 nm), is a major etiological factor that contributes to skin damage ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool to identify the signaling complexes and pathways that control multi- and pluri-potency and SC differentiation. (medscape.com)

The phosphopentose pathway (PPP), which converts glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and NADPH to reduce DNA damage caused by ROS was reported to be activated in DDR 2 . (nature.com)

Nrf2, or nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, is a protein that protects against oxidative damage triggered by inflammation and injury. (elanaspantry.com)

Base excision repair of modified bases is initiated by lesion-specific DNA glycosylases. (cea.fr)

Seacliff Pier is seen heavily damaged by a rainstorm in Santa Cruz County, on Thursday, Jan. 5, 2023. (kqed.org)

At least four main partially overlapping damage repair pathways operate in mammals. (scirp.org)

Therefore, it is crucial to choose the appropriate DSB repair process to maintain genome integrity. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
It consists of proprietary blend that can restore the body's natural restore and repairing process with certain super foods. (ipsnews.net)

The impaired homeostasis and platelet dysfunction implicate alterations in the protein C pathway, which might contribute to the loss of endothelial barrier function in fatal infections. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy12

Organisms7

Diseases12

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Phenomena and Processes78

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Mutations12

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Mechanisms2

PI3K1

Inflammatory6

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Molecular1

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Induces1

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