Cytotoxic t lymphocytes cytotoxic t cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tyrosine kinases are less widespread than their ser/thr counterparts but implicated in almost all cell growth and proliferation signal cascades. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of PD-L1 to its receptors suppresses T-cell migration, proliferation and secretion of cytotoxic mediators, and restricts tumour cell killing. (nih.gov)
Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating that lymphocyte proliferation does occur in humans treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies. (snmjournals.org)
Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)
A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
n = 50), which was considerably superior to that produced by stimulation with IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and/or IL-21 and caused no proliferation of CD3 + lymphocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
T cells with moderate affinity for self-antigen generate T regulatory cells or Treg cells during negative selection with an upregulation of transcription factor FOXP3 and enter the periphery where they inhibit or down-regulate the proliferation of self-reactive T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
such inhibition leads to decreased rUMP levels, decreased DNA and RNA synthesis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and G1 cell cycle arrest. (pharmfair.com)
It is through this action that leflunomide inhibits autoimmune T-cell proliferation and production of autoantibodies by B cells. (pharmfair.com)
Tyrosine kinases activate signalling pathways leading to DNA repair, apoptosis and cell proliferation. (pharmfair.com)
proliferation and cell cycle phase distribution, (2). (nih.gov)
Kelly and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells also exhibited a reduced proliferation rate after exposure to carvacrol (Kocal and Pakdemirli, 2020). (dieselok.md)
The inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis on MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cell lines occurred via the mitochondrial pathway and induction of oxidative damage to DNA through Bax/Bcl-2 modulation, decreased levels of procaspase-8, -9, -3, increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and ROS, and also cell cycle arrest at S-phase (Jamali et al. (dieselok.md)
and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)
Further analysis revealed two clusters related to cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
Taken together, these results imply that TJP1 contributes to the development of sarcoma by proliferation through modulating cell-cell aggregation and communication through cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and might be a beneficial therapeutic target. (molcells.org)
but not detected in the resting phase of G0, and is also associated with tumour cell proliferation rate. (jcpsp.pk)
7 Lymphocytes induce cytotoxic cell death and inhibit the proliferation and migration of tumour cells. (jcpsp.pk)
The T cells also effectively terminate their activation and proliferation as a means of avoiding autoimmunity, resulting in different phenotypes that either further activate Th1 immune responses or suppress via Th2-driven responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor that stymies lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion when bound to its membrane-bound or secreted ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, expressed by both immune and tumour cells [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
We used a siRNA strategy to reduce HSPB1 levels and showed increased intolerance to hyperthermia via reduced cell viability and/or proliferation of cells. (oncotarget.com)

One way in which biologists and medics use immunotherapy is by injecting antigen-incubated Dendritic Cells (DCs) into mice to stimulate an immune response. (mdpi.com)
Accessing Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell memory with peptide-loaded dendritic cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Crucial cells in CLE pathogenesis comprise plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as major producers of type I IFN, T cells exerting cytotoxic effects, and B cells, previously believed to contribute via secretion of autoantibodies. (frontiersin.org)
As cells undergo oncogenesis, neoantigens are released and captured on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) of dendritic cells (DCs) that subsequently mature and migrate to central lymphoid organs. (encyclopedia.pub)

However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

As an emerging cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapies (OVTs) can not only selectively lyse cancer cells, but also induce a systemic antitumor immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Endometrium from pregnant heifers had greater mRNA abundance for the inhibitory molecules, CD274 and lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG3), and greater cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), molecules that can interact with receptors on antigen-presenting cells and induce lymphocyte tolerance. (psu.edu)
E histolytica is a pseudopod-forming, nonflagellated protozoal parasite that causes proteolysis and tissue lysis (hence the species name) and can induce host-cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Due to random genetic recombinations, immune cells genetically express receptors for the specific self and foreign antigens in the central lymphoid organs. (tutorialspoint.com)
This selection removes the T or B cell clones before they attain maturation if they possess receptors that recognize self-antigens and bind to them with strong affinity. (tutorialspoint.com)
This mechanism produces the less reactive auto receptors with a moderate affinity for self-antigens that would lead to disease allowing the cells to survive. (tutorialspoint.com)
An important step in this process is the recognition of endogenous nucleic acids released from dying cells by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other cytosolic receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Receptors are formed by genetic recombination C.) Receptors are inserted into the cell membrane Which of the following make the third line of defense different than the first and second lines of defense? (workflowdigital.com)
Surface receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and nuclear transcription factors attenuate T cell responses, where CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, resulting in inhibitory downstream signalling [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

also called B7-H1 or CD274), which is expressed on many cancer and immune cells, plays an important part in blocking the 'cancer immunity cycle' by binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B7.1 (CD80), both of which are negative regulators of T-lymphocyte activation. (nih.gov)
Here we show that across multiple cancer types, responses (as evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1) were observed in patients with tumours expressing high levels of PD-L1, especially when PD-L1 was expressed by tumour-infiltrating immune cells. (nih.gov)
After induction chemoimmunotherapy 41 patients had pCR and 31 had increased intratumoral CD8 +immune cells. (uni-ulm.de)
Background The success and limitations of current immunotherapies have pushed research toward the development of alternative approaches and the possibility to manipulate other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. (bmj.com)
Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells, The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as. (workflowdigital.com)
Furthermore, a large percentage of uterine immune cells coexpressed these proteins. (psu.edu)
This study demonstrates a dynamic regulation of both cytotoxic immune cells and tolerogenic molecules during the peri-implantation period that may be required to support establishment of pregnancy and placentation. (psu.edu)
Patient's own immune cells are isolated, genetically modified to improve responses against cancer cells, expanded, and subsequently reintroduced into the individual. (encyclopedia.pub)
The rapidly growing tumour alters the balance of interaction between cancer and immune cells, by outstripping its metabolic resources and shifting to glycolysis [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
The function of these and other cytotoxic T cells (CTL) is controlled by stimulatory and inhibitory signaling. (psu.edu)
The proportions of lymphoid lineage cells and expression of inhibitory signaling molecules in the endometrium during early pregnancy in dairy heifers were determined using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR on days 17 and 20 of pregnancy and day 17 of the estrous cycle. (psu.edu)
These cells secrete immune inhibitory growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is primarily produced by microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). (encyclopedia.pub)

Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
T cells co-stimulation requires receptor CD28/B7 and B cell co-stimulation requires receptor CD40. (tutorialspoint.com)
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an immunoreceptor of the CD28/CTLA-4 family whose expression is induced in activated T- and B-cells and in macrophages ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Subsequently, binding of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor to the DCs' CD80/86 receptor fully activates the cytotoxic T cells which then migrate to infiltrate the tumour and kill the cells by locally releasing perforin and granzymes [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In addition, activated T cells can express an inducible co-stimulator (iCOS), a surface receptor that is structurally and functionally similar to CD28 and enhances expression of Th2-related interleukin (IL)-10 rather than immune activating IL-2 [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition of tyrosine kinases can help to treating cancer by preventing repair of tumor cells. (pharmfair.com)
Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor originating from gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and its onset is relatively insidious. (frontiersin.org)
Infiltration and phenotype of NK cells in the tumor was evaluated. (bmj.com)
Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display lower activation thresholds and Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice are more resistant to tumor metastasis and to primary breast cancer growth. (bmj.com)
CISH deletion favors NK cell accumulation to the primary tumor, optimizes NK cell killing properties and decreases TIGIT immune checkpoint receptor expression, limiting NK cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)
We observed robust tumor growth in mice transplanted with LMS cell lines expressing TJP1 while no tumor mass was found in mice transplanted with SK-LMS-1 Sh-TJP1 cells with silenced TJP1 expression. (molcells.org)
Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. (ucsd.edu)
Evaluate on-treatment changes in density of and proximity between immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment after immunogenic chemotherapy alone and R-GEMOX-ATEZO by multispectral immunofluorescence, including density of CD8+ cells and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL):regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio. (ucsd.edu)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

The purpose is to deliver chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiation to eliminate malignancy, prevent rejection of new stem cells, and create space for the new cells. (medscape.com)
Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
Primary endpoint was a feasibility rate of patients entering RIT to receive treatment until at least cycle 6 of immunotherapy of ≥80%.ResultsBetween September 2018 and May 2020, 80 patients were enrolled (one excluded). (uni-ulm.de)
Induction chemo-immunotherapy followed by chemotherapy-free RIT after intratumoral CD8 +immune cell-based patient selection has promising PFS.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03426657). (uni-ulm.de)
Designer T and NK cells are a modality within immunotherapy that manipulates receptor-ligand interactions to enhance cells of the immune system to destroy cancer more effectively. (encyclopedia.pub)

Results in the induction of death or apoptosis in some cells that carry potentially active TCRs or BCRs. (tutorialspoint.com)
One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)
Flow cytometric analysis revealed partial cell arrest in the G(1) phase at less than 5 micro L/mL and induction of apoptosis at 10 micro L/mL or more of ethanol and water extracts, with the latter exhibiting more pronounced inhibition than the former. (nih.gov)
I'm-Yunity acts selectively in HL-60 leukemic cells, resulting in cell cycle restriction through the G(1)/S checkpoint and the induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Hyperthermia alone as a cancer treatment can selectively eliminate cancer cells by facilitating molecular mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy [ 4 - 6 ], or activate NK cells or DCs which in turn stimulates anti-cancer immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in the accumulation of KSO-SFE-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis by KSO-SFE. (hindawi.com)

We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
Isolated A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs were able to lyse A*0201-matched melanoma cells in vitro and their frequency ex vivo correlated with extent of disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Using intravenous injection of B16F10 melanoma cell line and EO711 triple negative breast cancer cell line, metastasis evaluation was performed. (bmj.com)
In the present study, we identified HSPB1 (HSP27) is hyperthermically inducible or endogenously highly expressed in both murine and human melanoma cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
In the investigation of underlying mechanisms, we found knock down of HSPB1 further increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in hyperthermic treated melanoma cells when compared with either single agent alone, and both agents leaded to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 or G2/M phases. (oncotarget.com)
We concluded that hyperthermia combined with silencing of HSPB1 enhanced cell death and resulted in failure to thrive in melanoma cell lines, implying the potential clinical utility of hyperthermia in combination with HSPB1 inhibition in cancer treatment. (oncotarget.com)

The study incorporates disciplines such as Molecular biology, Cytokine secretion, Kupffer cell and Pathogenesis in addition to CD8. (research.com)

Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
PurposeThe first aim of the trial is to study feasibility of combined programmed death protein ligand 1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibition concomitant to radiotherapy. (uni-ulm.de)
Here, we targeted an intracellular inhibiting protein 'cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein' (CISH) in NK cells to evaluate the impact on their functions and antitumor properties. (bmj.com)
Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins? (workflowdigital.com)
It binds to a protein called CD20, which is found on B cells (a type of white blood cell) and some types of cancer cells. (ucsd.edu)

It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)

Gene reporter assays showed that genistein at concentrations between 1 and 100 uM activated PPARs in a dose dependent way in KS483 mesenchymal progenitor cells, breast cancer MCF-7 cells, T47D cells and MDA-MD-231 cells, murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, endothelial cells and in Hela cells. (wikipedia.org)
Other effects that result from reduced rUMP levels include interference with adhesion of activated lymphocytes to the synovial vascular endothelial cells, and increased synthesis of immunosuppressive cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). (pharmfair.com)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)

Most of the studies have focused on analyzing T-cell activation in peripheral blood. (snmjournals.org)
The most consistent effects in peripheral blood cells after administering anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been limited to marginal increases in the surface expression of nonspecific activation markers predominantly on CD4+ T lymphocytes ( 16 - 18 ). (snmjournals.org)
The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), founded in 1986, and the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), founded in 1988, were established to (1) locate and secure appropriate unrelated-donor HSCT sources for patients by promoting volunteer donation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in the community and (2) promote ethical practices of sharing stem cell sources by need, rather than by geographic location of the donor. (medscape.com)
In most of his Immunology studies, his work intersects topics such as Peripheral blood mononuclear cell. (research.com)
To test whether extracts also affected normal cells, similar experiments were also performed using isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy volunteers, with and without stimulation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). (nih.gov)
Tumour cells can alter the balance of pro-inflammatory mediators by increasing neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet count in peripheral blood and decreasing lymphocyte count. (jcpsp.pk)

The mechanism of action of leflunomide has not been fully determined, but appears to primarily involve regulation of autoimmune lymphocytes. (pharmfair.com)
It has been suggested that leflunomide exerts its immunomodulating effects by preventing the expansion of activated autoimmune lymphocytes via interferences with cell cycle progression. (pharmfair.com)
High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS -Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
We found that the glucose transporter GLUT3 is essential for the effector functions of Th17 cells in models of autoimmune colitis and encephalomyelitis. (biomed.news)

It develops during the selection of immature lymphocytes where they encounter self-antigens within the primary lymphatic organs (thymus and bone marrow). (tutorialspoint.com)
V region which is specific to antigens in developing B cells usually undergoes receptor editing. (tutorialspoint.com)
This occurs when the mature lymphocytes become incapable of responding to the antigens. (tutorialspoint.com)
Here the mechanism involves selecting self-recognizing cells that can protect which relies on a subset of T cells, Treg cells that inhibit immune responses against self-antigens and foreign antigens. (tutorialspoint.com)
TREG cells recognize specific self-antigens and foreign antigens through the TCR interactions. (tutorialspoint.com)
The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay tests for Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) responses to peptide antigens that simulate mycobacterial proteins. (cdc.gov)
Individuals infected with M. tuberculosis complex organisms (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti) usually have lymphocytes in their blood that recognize these and other mycobacterial antigens. (cdc.gov)

Migration of cytotoxic lymphocytes in cell cycle permits local MHC I-dependent control of division at sites of viral infection. (ox.ac.uk)
4. The four classic signs and symptoms of inammation include all the following except, All of the following pertain to interferon except it, Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except. (workflowdigital.com)

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
Influenza Virus Vaccination Elicits Poorly Adapted B Cell Responses in Elderly Individuals. (research.com)
Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
the TB2 tube contains an additional set of peptides targeted to the induction of CMI responses from CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)

We therefore adapted the K562-mb15-41BBL stimulation method to large-scale clinical-grade conditions, generating large numbers of highly cytotoxic NK cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Natural killer (NK) cells can kill cancer cells in the absence of prior stimulation and hold considerable potential for cell-based therapies targeting human malignancies ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Inhibition of such co-stimulation leads the T cells to become anergic which is an unresponsiveness state. (tutorialspoint.com)
The conventional means of studying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) memory, by in vitro stimulation with the latently infected autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), has important limitations. (ox.ac.uk)
Primed Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells display increased activation upon NCR stimulation. (bmj.com)

In-vitro data indicates that leflunomide interferes with cell cycle progression by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (a mitochondrial enzyme involved in de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotide uridine monophosphate (rUMP)synthesis) and has antiproliferative activity. (pharmfair.com)
5 Apart from proliferative markers such as Ki-67, systemic inflammatory response indicators such as lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet are also associated with the development and progression of many tumours. (jcpsp.pk)
Treatment repeats every 14 days of cycle 1 and every 28 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unaccepted toxicity. (ucsd.edu)
Cycles repeat every 3 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unaccepted toxicity. (ucsd.edu)
The most relevant articles summarising existing knowledge on RCC genomics, including tumour cell evolution and progression, were selected for this review. (springer.com)

Our findings are also important from a translational perspective because inhibiting GLUT3-dependent acetyl-CoA generation is a promising metabolic checkpoint to mitigate Th17-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. (biomed.news)
The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)

Since salvage pathways are expected to sustain cells arrested in the G1 phase, the activity of leflunomide is cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. (pharmfair.com)
The goal of this in vitro study was to test the cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of extracts derived from the polysaccharopeptide (PSP), I'm-Yunity (Integrated Chinese Medicine Holdings Ltd., Kowloon, Hong Kong) prepared from strain Cov-1 of the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. (nih.gov)

Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
T and B cells need induction of costimulatory activation apart from the MHC-induced activation. (tutorialspoint.com)
Currently, three main strategies are applied to restore the activation of senescent T cells, including replacement, restoration, and reprogramming. (hindawi.com)
Global gene expression of Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells compared with Cish +/+ Ncr1 Ki/+ NK cells revealed upregulation of pathways and genes associated with NK cell cycling and activation. (bmj.com)

It is the developmental stage within the large cycle of lymphocyte maturation and it is going to make sure that these lymphocytes can distinguish self and non-self-cells which is very important to prevent auto-immune diseases. (tutorialspoint.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Previous study has shown that kenaf seed oil extracted by SFE (KSO-SFE) is cytotoxic towards human cervical cancer cell line [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

T cell immune protection plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
However, T cell exhaustion might lead to the possibility of immune escape of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in order to reestablish blood cell production in patients whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or defective. (medscape.com)

His research integrates issues of Immunity, Cell biology, Epitope, Innate immune system and Cohort in his study of Virus. (research.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)

Up to one third of virus-specific CTLs within blood were found to be in cell cycle after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. (ox.ac.uk)
In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (hindawi.com)
Lupus erythematosus (LE) skin lesions typically feature a histopathologic pattern termed interface dermatitis, defined by the presence of necroptotic keratinocytes and an epitheliotropic cytotoxic lymphocytic infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

His laboratory investigates the molecular mechanisms that cause cancer and those that determine the response of malignant tumour cells to diverse anti-cancer agents. (unibas.ch)

Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-?B and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
Our previous studies have shown that uptake of fatty acids alters cellular metabolic pathways in colon cancer cells to favor fatty acid oxidation. (biomed.news)

We aimed to determine the predictive significance of Ki-67 and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with gastric cancer (GC), who received fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel (FLOT) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). (jcpsp.pk)

Results In Cish fl/fl Ncr1 Ki/+ mice, we detected no developmental or homeostatic difference in NK cells. (bmj.com)
NOD/SCID mice that received lymphocytes from transgenic mice became diabetic at a slower rate than mice receiving control lymphocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

The expanded NK cells were significantly more potent than unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated NK cells against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
NK cells cytokine expression, signaling and cytotoxicity has been evaluated in vitro. (bmj.com)
Scientific Methods: In vitro growth inhibition assays were completed with AHCC alone and in combination with PLD in panel of human cancer cell lines and findings confirmed in vivo in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model. (researchgate.net)
The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay is an in vitro diagnostic test using a peptide cocktail simulating ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins to stimulate cells in heparinized whole blood. (cdc.gov)

The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)

Not only the molecular differences leading to the different clinical presentations need to be better understood, but also the pathogenic mechanisms of CLE in general: the precise role of involved cell types, the impact of different cytokines described in the disease, and their interaction and regulation in a complex network need further exploration. (frontiersin.org)
A role for cytotoxic cells during early pregnancy in cattle has not been described, but regulation of their function at the fetal-maternal interface is thought to be critical for conceptus survival. (psu.edu)

HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)
2013). However, treatment intensification will have no impact on long-lived latently infected cells. (europa.eu)

Central tolerance processes of negative selection and receptor editing work to eliminate many auto-reactive T cells in the thymus and auto-reactive B cells in bone marrow respectively. (tutorialspoint.com)
This mainly occurs in the primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells. (tutorialspoint.com)
Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
Storage of bone marrow or blood leukemic cells in biobanks is strongly recommended. (cancercentrum.se)
While IAEMH is associated with severe anaemia due to intravascular haemolysis caused by red cell invasion, oxidative injury, auto-antibodies, and/or pathogen-haem interaction, IAIMH is associated with haemophagocytic tri-lineage destruction of haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. (bvsalud.org)

In his study, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Hemagglutinin, Monoclonal antibody and Adoptive cell transfer is inextricably linked to Epitope, which falls within the broad field of Virology. (research.com)

In addition, efficacy of the entire treatment scheme consisting of induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by chemotherapy-free radioimmunotherapy (RIT) after intratumoral CD8 +immune cell-based patient selection will be analyzed.MethodsPatients with stage III-IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were eligible for this multicenter phase II trial. (uni-ulm.de)
Patients with increased intratumoral CD8 +immune cell density or pathological complete response (pCR) in the rebiopsy entered RIT up to a total dose of 70 Gy. (uni-ulm.de)

After virus infection, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) divide rapidly to eradicate the pathogen and prevent the establishment of persistence. (ox.ac.uk)
His research investigates the connection with Cell biology and areas like Cytotoxic T cell which intersect with concerns in Pathogen. (research.com)

David J. Topham spends much of his time researching Immunology, Cytotoxic T cell, CD8, Virology and Virus. (research.com)
His study in T cell, Immune system, Interleukin 21, Antibody and Interferon gamma are all subfields of Immunology. (research.com)
David J. Topham focuses on Immunology, Virology, Virus, Immune system and Cytotoxic T cell. (research.com)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with diverse genetic features of the leukemic cells and with variable outcome. (cancercentrum.se)

HL-60 cells incubated with various amounts (1, 3, 5, 7.5, and 10 micro l/mL) of the extracts for 1-3 days showed dose-dependent, time-dependent growth suppression and decrease in cell viability. (nih.gov)
doi:10.7287/peerj.9626v0.1/reviews/1, Soković, M., Glamoclija, J., and Ciric, A. Thymol also caused a decrease in cell viability of prostate cancer (PC-3 cell line), and provoked cytotoxic effects (Pathania et al. (dieselok.md)

located primarily on macrophages and B cells: swelling pathogenic number. (workflowdigital.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)

This immunosuppressive helper T cell phenotype can be further induced by the zinc-finger transcription factor GATA3, which regulates Th2 cytokine expression [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Taken together, our study identifies Drp1 as a key mediator that connects mitochondrial dynamics with fatty acid metabolism and cancer cell signaling. (biomed.news)

Patrolling leukocytes detect mutated, early transformed cells, deem them sufficiently "non-self" and co-ordinately eliminate them, as predicted by the cancer immunosurveillance concept [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The magnitude of an antiviral CTL response is thought to be controlled by the initiation of a cell cycle program within lymphoid tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
We demonstrate that antiviral CTLs remain in cell cycle while transiting to infected tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
HIV-1 Vif appears to be required in the course of the late levels of virus manufacturing for the suppression of an innate antiviral phenotype that resides in human T lymphocytes . (hoxyl.pl)
Right here, we describe a singular mobile gene, CEM15, whose transient or secure expression in cells that don't usually categorical CEM15 recreates this phenotype , however whose antiviral motion is overcome by the presence of Vif. (hoxyl.pl)

These lymphocytes successfully eliminate the genetically unstable tumour cells with intrinsically high immunogenicity [ 4 ] through a series of successive stages [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Induction of Acquired Resistance towards EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Subsequent Molecular Characterization. (zhunter.com)

We determined the capacity of the leukemia cell line K562 modified to express a membrane-bound form of interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BB ligand (K562-mb15-41BBL) to generate human NK cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
We then tested human NK cells functions. (bmj.com)
In human NK cells, CISH deletion also favors NCR signaling and antitumor functions. (bmj.com)

We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

These changes distinguish cancer cells from their normal counterparts, allowing tumours to be recognized as foreign by the immune system. (nih.gov)

Correlation with outcome needs to be more comprehensively furnished, particularly for small renal masses, rarer non-clear cell renal cancers, and for all tumours undergoing targeted therapy. (springer.com)

Tumour cells utilize multiple strategies to evade the immune system, but the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain poorly understood. (biomed.news)
Cancer cells also recruit and alter nearby stromal cells to aid the tumour cells in avoiding immune detection and destruction [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Genistein and other isoflavones have been identified as angiogenesis inhibitors, and found to inhibit the uncontrolled cell growth of cancer, most likely by inhibiting the activity of substances in the body that regulate cell division and cell survival (growth factors). (wikipedia.org)
The PD-L1-PD-1 axis protects the host from overactive T-effector cells not only in cancer but also during microbial infections. (nih.gov)
Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
The results that we report here provide rationale and practical platform for clinical testing of expanded and activated NK cells for cell therapy of cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Metformin (MTF) has been reported to target NLK (Nemo-like kinase) to inhibit non-small lung cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
Unfortunately, patients are already in the terminal stage at this time, and the cancer cells have already invaded the surrounding organs or metastasized far away, which leads to the loss of the curative chance for most patients ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell cycle involvement in cancer treatment with carvacrol and thymol. (dieselok.md)
2002). The Mechanism of Carvacrol-Evoked [Ca2+]i Rises and Non-ca2+-triggered Cell Death in OC2 Human Oral Cancer Cells. (dieselok.md)
However, even these patients are at risk of dying from lung cancer (both small and non-small cell types). (cancer.gov)
Cancer cells are known for their ability to adapt variable metabolic programs depending on the availability of specific nutrients. (biomed.news)
Here, we show that fatty acids activate Drp1 to promote metabolic plasticity in cancer cells. (biomed.news)
Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. (ucsd.edu)
This may help the immune system kill cancer cells. (ucsd.edu)
Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)
In this review, we consider what is currently known of the genetic landscape of the commonest subtypes of renal cell cancer (RCC). (springer.com)
Zebrafish patient-derived xenograft models predict lymph node involvement and treatment outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. (zhunter.com)
2nd ESMO Consensus Conference in Lung Cancer: locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. (zhunter.com)
Extraction from 9 parameters of KSO-SFE was screened for cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines using MTS assay. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, this study determined the cytotoxicity of KSO-SFE on colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Human colorectal cancer (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. (hindawi.com)
Industrial Relevance: This study presents an example of the successful integration of a well- known herbal supplement, AHCC, with traditional western medicine cytotoxic agent, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer. (researchgate.net)

The development of clinically applicable methods to produce large numbers of fully functional NK cells is a critical step to maximize the potential of this approach. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms22

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proliferation22

Dendritic Cells4

Humans1

Induce3

Receptors6

Immune cells10

Inhibitory4

CD285

Tumor15

Immunotherapy8

Apoptosis6

Melanoma6

Secretion1

Protein5

Antigen-prese1

Endothelial cells4

Peripheral blood6

Autoimmune6

Antigens7

Migration2

Responses4

Stimulation5

Progression5

Checkpoint2

Cytostatic2

Activation4

Diseases2

Cervical Cancer1

Malignancies5

Hematopoietic stem1

Immunity2

Lymphocytic3

Malignant1

Pathways2

Gastric1

Mice2

Vitro4

CTLA41

Regulation2

Latently infected2

Bone marrow7

Adoptive1

Intratumoral2

Pathogen2

Immunology3

Leukemic cells1

Decrease in cell viability2

Macrophages2

Cytokine1

Mitochondrial1

Leukocytes1

Antiviral4

Eliminate1

Induction1

Human NK cells3

Cytokines4

Distinguish1

Tumours1

Tumour cells2

Cancer21

Functional1