Cytotoxic nk cell lectin like receptor subfamily b. Medical search. Frequent questions

CD94 (Cluster of Differentiation 94), also known as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1 (KLRD1) is a human gene. (wikipedia.org)
At the surface of muscle fibers, 79% and 48% of CD8+ cells were positive for killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1 (KLRG1) and CD57, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
NK1.1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, KLRB1, NKR-P1A, CD161, cluster of differentiation 161), refers to Natural Killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. (thermofisher.com)

The CD94/NKG2 complex, on the surface of natural killer cells interacts with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E on target cells. (wikipedia.org)
KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. (wikipedia.org)
KLRC3 has also been shown to have interactions with KLRD1, TYROBP, HLA-A, and HLA-C in pathways such as the antigen processing and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathways. (novusbio.com)
NK-1.1 surface antigen is encoded by the NKR-P1B/NKR-P1C gene, also known as CD161b/CD161c and Ly-55. (rndsystems.com)
Expression of NKR-P1C antigen has been correlated with lysis of tumor cells in vitro and rejection of bone marrow allografts in vivo. (rndsystems.com)
After antigen stimulation, these cells migrate into tissue areas that are inflamed where they exhibit a strong proliferative response and express and release cytokines that help to eliminate infection. (flowmetric.com)
These are referred to as CD8+ memory T-cells because they 'remember' this previous encounter with the specific antigen, and they are programmed to elicit a faster and stronger immune response to that same antigen. (flowmetric.com)
A. The linear model describes the activation of naïve T-cells by the presentation of antigen-peptide on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by the antigen presenting cells (APCs) during the contraction phase of a T-cell response. (flowmetric.com)
Clinically, EBV-associated malignancies such as Hodgkin's lymphoma offer a unique model to explore antigen-defined immunotherapy approaches because EBV-derived tumor antigens are specific for tumor cells only. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
The NK Cell Research Toolkit enables researchers to examine the effects of distinct molecules on NK cells' targeting and eradication of discrete tumor cell types, and to design novel chimeric antigen receptors to modify endogenous signaling pathways. (freegenes.org)
Description: The PK136 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse NK1.1, an antigen expressed by natural killer cells and a subset of T cells in the NK1.1 mouse strains including C57BL and NZB. (thermofisher.com)
BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Tetherin): Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)

Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
The activating or inhibitory receptors can similarly be transduced or transfected into NK cells to perturb their behavior. (freegenes.org)
The genes listed here can be expressed on NK cells, feeder cells, or tumor cells to study individual NK cell signaling pathways, strengths of activation of different receptor-ligand interactions, and whether certain NK cells are more or less resistant to inhibitory cues from cancer cells. (freegenes.org)
The outcome of an encounter between a cytotoxic cell and a potential target cell depends on the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, we showed the sE-cadherin/KLRG1 inhibitory receptor is the major pathway for necroptosis-mediated suppression of the anti-tumor activity of T cells and the promotion of metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

The PK136 antibody has been reported to deplete NK cells, induce redirected lysis, block NK cell function, and induce NK cell proliferation. (rndsystems.com)
BALB/c splenocytes were stained with FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD49b/Pan-NK Cells antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
Phycoerythrin conjugated Mouse anti Rat CD161 antibody, clone 10/78 ( MCA1427PE ) used for the identification of NK cells in rat blood samples by flow cytometry. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
A: 3-week-old (young) Lewis rats were injected twice with a NK cell depleting antibody (3.2.3). (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
For detection of NK cells in these strains the monoclonal antibody DX5 (Cat. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Granzyme H (GZMH) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (worldcarecouncil.org)

Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. (wikipedia.org)

Together, along the course of IBM, some inflammatory cells retained the potential for cytotoxicity whereas others indicated suppression by exhaustion, senescence, or through the PD-1 pathway. (elsevierpure.com)

Here we show that TGF-beta regulates proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of mesenchymal GBM cancer stem cells (CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. (uni-regensburg.de)
A specific PLEKHA4 siRNA was transfected in glioma U251 and T98G cells, and the changes in cell proliferation ability were assessed by real-time cell analysis technology and Edu experiment. (bvsalud.org)
Using these genes, researchers can manipulate NK cells, cancer cells, and "feeder" cells (i.e. cells used to trigger NK cell proliferation). (freegenes.org)

On a functional level, proneural CSC lines caused a significantly stronger TGF-beta-dependent suppression of NKG2D expression on CD8(+) T and NK cells in vitro providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced immune infiltration of proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
Applications Reported: PK136 has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis, depletion of NK cells, and in vitro functional studies. (thermofisher.com)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)

The protein encoded by CD94 gene is a lectin, cluster of differentiation and a receptor that is involved in cell signaling and is expressed on the surface of natural killer cells in the innate immune system. (wikipedia.org)

The NK cell research toolkit product contains three classes of genes: ligands, surface receptors, and transcription factors. (freegenes.org)
Regulation of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. (ox.ac.uk)
Most normal tissues do not express ligands for NKG2D, but ligand expression has been documented in tumour and virus-infected cells, leading to lysis of these cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Natural Killer group 2D (NKG2D) has recently emerged as a major activating receptor on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The NKG2D-ligand interaction triggers an activating signal in the cell expressing NKG2D and this promotes cytotoxic lysis of the cell expressing the ligand. (ox.ac.uk)

KLRC3 codes for a protein that works as a receptor for the recognition of MHC molecules by natural killers, and in some cases cytotoxic T-cells. (novusbio.com)
The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
For death-receptor-induced necroptosis, the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) are the key components of the necroptosis machinery [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the complement C5a receptor 2 may act as a decoy receptor for C5a, as it has no reported G protein signalling capacity. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
G protein-coupled receptor 171 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Supplementary MaterialsCorrelation network analysis reveals relationships between microRNAs, transcription factor and deregulated cytokine/chemokine-receptor network in pulmonary sarcoidosis 121378. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

The cells that mediate this response are known as effector memory T-cells (T EM ). (flowmetric.com)

In vivo, a substantially increased infiltration of immune cells was observed in mesenchymal GBMs, while immune infiltrates were rare in proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
However, little is known about how T Reg suppress T cell activation in vivo. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

NKR-P1A, the receptor encoded by the KLRB1 gene, recognizes Lectin Like Transcript-1 (LLT1) as a functional ligand. (thermofisher.com)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
In order to identify such patterns, we set out to broadly profile gene expression in a variety of immune cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)

A goal of any vaccine should include the stimulation of a robust effector T-cell response, which over time is translated into a large population of memory T-cells. (flowmetric.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)

Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on a number of immune cells types. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
These effects are mediated by the adenosine G portein-coupled receptors. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
All four adenosine receptors are expressed on the surface of mouse invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

Human natural killer cell receptors for HLA-class I molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The key role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is played by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, molecules crucially involved in the activation of immune and inflammatory cells and their trafficking to the site of disease [4]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
The exchange of huge amounts of molecules between hepatocytes and blood is facilitated by fenestration of the endothelial cells lining wide sinusoids, allowing plasma to enter the perisinusoidal space, also known as space of Disse. (helmberg.at)

Importantly, the increased anti-tumor activity of T cells is a key cause for the reduced metastasis as the depletion of CD8+ T cells completely restored the level of metastasis in the Mlkl KO mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, the levels of some soluble cell surface proteins including sE-cadherin that are known to promote metastasis are also dramatically reduced in MLKL null tumors/mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Administration of ADAMs pan inhibitor reduces the levels of soluble cell surface proteins in WT tumors/mice and leads to the dramatic decrease in metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)

We have been interested in the role of pattern-recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs)in innate immune recognition of these viruses as well as their signaling pathways. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

NK-1.1 has also been shown to play a role in NK cell activation, IFN- gamma production, and cytotoxic granule release. (rndsystems.com)
MLKL activation also leads to the protease, ADAMs-mediated ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system with inherent cancer cell-killing capabilities, providing an exciting alternative to costly custom T cell immunotherapies. (freegenes.org)
Two additional cell types, both part of the innate immune system, are found within the sinusoids, in direct contact with the blood: a large number of macrophages, called Kupffer cells, and Pit cells, a type of natural killer (NK) cells. (helmberg.at)

Intraperitoneal injection of 3.2.3 lead to complete absence of CD161+ NK/NKT cells and did not affect cell numbers of CD3+CD161- T cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Unlike the distinctive immunogenic pathway for CD8+ T-cell memory, CD4+ T-cell memory is significantly more plastic, involving at least seven distinct cell lineages with diverse effector functions, that play roles in all aspects of adaptive immunity as well as impact many innate immune mechanisms. (flowmetric.com)
ACKR1 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. (wikipedia.org)
Genes up-regulated in comparison of naive CD8 T cells versus naive CD4 [GeneID=920] T cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)

ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: macrophages infected with Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus fumigatus or treated with Curdlan, a selective agonist of pattern recognition receptor for fungi Dectin-1, displays increased expression of ALOX5, ALOX15 and PTGS2 Karnam et al, 2015 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)

CD4+ Th1 and Th2 memory T-cells are well described, in contrast, Th17, Tfh, Th9, Th22, and Treg lineages have proved more challenging to characterize due to a lack of consistent lineage fidelity. (flowmetric.com)
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)

CD8+ T-cell mediated immune responses are important in protection against various pathogens and specific tumor antigens associated with various cancers. (flowmetric.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)

Matsubara, S , Suzuki, S & Komori, T 2022, ' Immunohistochemical Phenotype of T Cells Invading Muscle in Inclusion Body Myositis ', Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology , vol. 81, no. 10, pp. 825-835. (elsevierpure.com)
The transcription factors can be transduced or transfected into NK cells to alter their behavior or phenotype. (freegenes.org)

Eradication of the threat during the contraction phase results in the loss through apoptosis of the majority of the adaptive immune effector cells. (flowmetric.com)
In addition, we are investigating the role of innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in innate and adaptive immune responses to these viruses. (dukecancerinstitute.org)

Simultaneous staining of C57BL/6 spleen cells with PK136 and DX5 reveals coexpression of both markers by a majority of cells as well as presence of small populations of DX5+PK136- and DX5-PK136+ cells. (thermofisher.com)

The most recent research provides evidence that memory T-cells are generated from effector T-cells via epigenetic modifications, as the methylation patterns that are seen in memory cells are similar to those seen in effector cells. (flowmetric.com)
This results in the generation of effector T-cells or memory precursors (yellow). (flowmetric.com)

Once the pathogen is cleared, most of these effector cells will undergo apoptosis to maintain the balance of the immune response. (flowmetric.com)
The colony-forming ability of the cells was evaluated using plate cloning assay, and cell cycle changes and cell apoptosis were analyzed with flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)

Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)

All experiments performed on red cell lysed rat blood gated on lymphoid cells in the presence of 10% rat serum. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)

Intestinal epithelial cells ('dock workers') are good at moving stuff. (helmberg.at)

On an average, 27% of CD8-CD57+KLRG1+ cells at the surface were CD4+. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we report that the ectodomain shedding of cell surface proteins of necroptotic cells is critical for the promoting effect of tumor necroptosis in tumor metastasis through inhibiting the anti-tumor activity of T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C". Nature. (wikipedia.org)
ACKR3 binds the chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1 which is also a ligand for CXCR4). (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)

Blood was taken and analyzed by flow cytometry for the presence of CD3+ and CD161+ cells. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)

3. Regulatory T Cell Biology. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
Accumulating evidence has shown that the immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T Reg ) play a critical role in the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecu. (gsea-msigdb.org)

NK-1.1 and DX5 are commonly used as mouse NK cell markers. (rndsystems.com)

As a necrotic cell death, the rupture of cell plasma membrane of necroptotic cells results in the release of many cellular factors of necroptotic cells, which may trigger inflammation and immune responses [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
To characterize muscle-invading inflammatory cells, we performed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on muscle biopsies from 10 patients with IBM with durations of illness from 3 to 84 months. (elsevierpure.com)
CB 2 receptor on eosinophils mainly mediates anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions e.g. downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediator release. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

However, a small pool of long-lived memory cells is retained, and are primed to respond rapidly upon re-exposure to the pathogen. (flowmetric.com)
However, as with CD8+ T-cells, a small population of the responding cells survive and differentiate into long-lived memory cells. (flowmetric.com)

Full documentation can be found in the GtoImmuPdb immuno cell type data documentation (PDF) . (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
GABA type A receptor associated protei. (gsea-msigdb.org)

We found that blocking tumor necroptosis by MLKL deletion led to the dramatic reduction of tumor metastasis and significantly elevated anti-tumor activity of tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood T cells. (biomedcentral.com)

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Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily3

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