The genetic transfer of T-cell receptors (TCRs) directed toward target antigens into T lymphocytes has been used to generate antitumor T cells efficiently without the need for the in vitro induction and expansion of T cells with cognate specificity. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
One of six transplantable ascites tumors of BALB/c mice was found to become periodically resistant to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). (elsevierpure.com)
Conservation of T cell receptor usage by HLA B27-restricted influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes suggests a general pattern for antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted responses. (ox.ac.uk)
The goal of vaccination is to induce immunity against pathogens and cancer cells by stimulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of the cortical thymocytes reacted with anti-T4, anti-T5, anti-T6, anti-T8, and anti-T10 antibodies, thus indicating coexpression of multiple antigens on cortical lymphocytes. (rug.nl)
Why do cytotoxic T lymphocytes fail to eliminate hepatitis C virus? (ox.ac.uk)
The T lymphocyte reponse, in particular that mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is likely to be involved in determining the outcome of infection, although its overall role is not clear. (ox.ac.uk)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, direct recognition of mouse Hfe molecules by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was demonstrated in DBA/2 Hfe knockout mice. (ox.ac.uk)
High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
Using tetrameric complexes of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I to identify antigen-specific T cells ex vivo, we observed high frequencies of circulating MelanA-specific, A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs) in seven of nine HLA-A*0201-positive individuals with vitiligo. (ox.ac.uk)
Recent studies using cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes and monoclonal antibodies directed at their various surface glycoprotein components have led to identification of the human T cell antigen receptor as a surface complex comprised of a clonotypic 90 kDa Ti heterodimer and the invariant 20 and 25 kDa T3 molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Using tumor cells constitutively expressing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen, we show that expansion of CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) restricted by DCs' MHC class I molecules was higher when DC-tumor hybrids were the stimulators. (ox.ac.uk)
The lymphocytic infiltrate which is sparse and poorly organized is comprised almost entirely of thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) with a normal proportion of helper/inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells. (nih.gov)
In the BALB/c mouse, there are three classical class I molecules, H-2Kᵈ, Dᵈ, and Lᵈ, which are expressed throughout the body and present viral antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (caltech.edu)
Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. (jci.org)
Initiation and regulation of immune responses in humans involves recognition of peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
peptides bound to HLA-DR17 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells of sarcoidosis patients were analyzed in order to identify target antigens of the autoimmune response (see the related article beginning on page 3576). (jci.org)
HLA-II peptide binding studies involve multiple overlapping peptides spanning individual antigens, as well as complete viral proteomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Full overlapping studies of four antigens identified binding affinity of 103 peptides to seven common HLA-DR molecules (DRB1*0101, 0301, 0401, 0701, 1101, 1301, and 1501). (biomedcentral.com)
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotypes vary in their ability to present peptides in the absence of tapasin, an essential component of the peptide loading complex. (ox.ac.uk)
Ex vivo examination of cytotoxic T cell responses to the entire HIV-1 proteome from infected subjects indicates that tapasin-dependent allotypes present a more limited set of distinct peptides than do tapasin-independent allotypes, data supported by computational predictions. (ox.ac.uk)
This calls for the incomplete intracellular degradation of self and nonself protein into 8-14 amino acidity peptides launching the peptides towards the antigen binding groove from the MHC course I (MHC-I) or course II (MHC-II) and CORM-3 translocating the complicated towards the cell surface area for screen1. (healthweeks.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) must be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs (which specialize in presenting antigens to T cells) to be recognized by CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Receptors5
Most cytotoxic T cells express T-cell receptors (TCRs) that can recognize a specific antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, the DNA in millions of white blood cells in the bone marrow is shuffled to create cells with unique receptors, each of which can bind to a different antigen. (wikipedia.org)
One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
These data implicate that T cells with high-affinity antigen receptors reduce the ability to lyse targets with low-density peptide/MHC complexes (∼100 per cell), while they could respond at cytokine production level. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Triggering of the T3-Ti receptor complex induces a rapid increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ and gives rise to specific antigen-induced proliferation through an autocrine pathway involving endogenous interleukin-2 production, release and subsequent binding to interleukin-2 receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Molecules21
Antigens inside a cell are bound to class I MHC molecules, and brought to the surface of the cell by the class I MHC molecule, where they can be recognized by the T cell. (wikipedia.org)
The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
Antigen variation in pathogens and tumor antigens, and extensive polymorphism of HLA molecules increase the number of targets for screening studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigens are the molecules that are recognized and stimulate the cells of immune system. (medscape.com)
Variable region constitutes the antibody binding region of the molecule to the different antigens as it consists of about 110 amino acids that vary widely among the different antibody molecules. (medscape.com)
Classical human HLA-class I antigens are represented by HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C molecules, the non-classical by e.g. (abeomics.com)
Specificity : The mouse monoclonal antibody TP25.99SF recognizes an extracellular epitope on HLA-ABC and HLA-E molecules, but not HLA-G. It can be used for discrimination between HLA-G and other HLA-class I antigens. (abeomics.com)
T cell antigen receptor recognition of MHC molecules independently of bound ligand has potential general implications in alloreactivity and identifies in the Hfe case a cognitive link supporting the concept that the immune system could be involved in the control of iron metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
As a first-in-class antigen presenting cell (APC) activator, efti binds to MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Class II molecules on APC leading to activation and proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, dendritic cells, NK cells, and monocytes. (kdvr.com)
Introduction Antigen display requires the appearance CORM-3 of main histocompatibility complicated (MHC) molecules. (healthweeks.com)
These cells can produce immunosuppressive cytokines and the recruitment of inhibitory and regulatory cell types, decrease expression of antigens, lose expression of MHC class I molecules, have an aberrant antigen processing, cause anergy or deletion of T cells, and generate the dysfunction of dendritic cells (DCs) ( 5 - 8 ). (amegroups.org)
The activation of DCs is characterized by the upregulation of cell surface molecules involved in antigen presentation and costimulation (e.g. (amegroups.org)
Hybrids expressed more co-stimulatory and MHC molecules, induced higher antigen-specific T-cell expansion and were the only cells able to induce IFN-γ-producing antigen-specific T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Class I major histocompatibility molecules (MHC) are 45 kilodalton (kD) glycoproteins that associate with a smaller 12 kD polypeptide, β₂-microglobulin. (caltech.edu)
In addition to the genes that encode the three classical class I antigens, the BALB/c genome contains 32 genes that structurally resemble the classical class I genes, and therefore possibly encode class I molecules. (caltech.edu)
However, it is unclear what function these molecules play, or why such a large gene family is maintained if only three viral antigen-presenting restriction elements are required by the murine immune system. (caltech.edu)
Some of the expressed genes, like the T18ᶜ and Thy19.4 genes, appear to be able to encode class I molecules which may share structural characteristics with the classical transplantation antigens and may possibly serve as recognition structures in cell-cell interaction events. (caltech.edu)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage, do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CTLs4
Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
These CTLs express predominantly two T cell antigen receptor alpha variable gene segments (AV6.1 and AV6.6). (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, we observed that the A2-MelanA tetramer+ CTLs isolated from vitiligo patients expressed high levels of the skin homing receptor, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, which was absent from the CTLs seen in the single A*0201-positive normal control. (ox.ac.uk)
Amount 5 VM DA neurons insert and screen antigen VM DA neuronal eliminating by CTLs We initial examined the capability of CTLs to react to MHC-I induced SN neurons by pursuing CTL proliferation using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. (healthweeks.com)
Cells40
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria), or cells that are damaged in other ways. (wikipedia.org)
An antigen is a molecule capable of stimulating an immune response and is often produced by cancer cells, viruses, bacteria or intracellular signals. (wikipedia.org)
CD8+ T cells are recognized as TC cells once they become activated and are generally classified as having a pre-defined cytotoxic role within the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The vast majority of T cells express alpha-beta TCRs (αβ T cells), but some T cells in epithelial tissues (like the gut) express gamma-delta TCRs (gamma delta T cells), which recognize non-protein antigens. (wikipedia.org)
The double-positive T cells are exposed to a wide variety of self-antigens in the thymus and undergo two selection criteria: positive selection, in which those double-positive T cells that bind to foreign antigen in the presence of self MHC. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, the cells would have been presented antigen in the context of MHC1. (wikipedia.org)
negative selection, in which those double-positive T cells that bind too strongly to MHC-presented self antigens undergo apoptosis because they could otherwise become autoreactive, leading to autoimmunity. (wikipedia.org)
Only those T cells that bind to the MHC-self-antigen complexes weakly are positively selected. (wikipedia.org)
Those cells that survive positive and negative selection differentiate into single-positive T cells (either CD4+ or CD8+), depending on whether their TCR recognizes an MHC class I-presented antigen (CD8) or an MHC class II-presented antigen (CD4). (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
CD8 + CTL-recognizing minor H antigens on tumor cells can be isolated posttransplant and could contribute to the graft- versus -tumor effect. (aacrjournals.org)
Studies to antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells, the biology of dendritic cells and the regulation of immunity are aimed to raise our understanding of the immune reactions to tumor cells and improve immunotherapy of cancer. (universiteitleiden.nl)
This association afforded us a unique opportunity to identify a sarcoidosis-specific antigen recognized by AV2S3+ T cells. (jci.org)
To identify candidates for the postulated sarcoidosis-specific antigen, lung cells from 16 HLA-DRB1*0301pos patients were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. (jci.org)
CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
Separation of normal and immune lymphoid cells by antigen-coated coated columns. (wikidata.org)
Alternatively, T cells have been gene-modified with a TCR-like antibody or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Primary human T cells transduced with #131 scFV coupled to CD28 transmembrane and CD3ζ domains were stained with HA-1 H/HLA-A2 tetramers slightly more intensely than a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone specific for endogenously HLA-A2-and HA-1 H-positive cells. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
100-fold higher antigen density to exert cytotoxicity compared with the cognate CTL clone, they could produce inflammatory cytokines against cells expressing HLA-A2 and HA-1 H transgenes. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
In conclusion, female UCB comprises HY-specific cytotoxic T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Hence, the staining profile of medulla approximates the staining pattern of peripheral T cells, with large numbers of cells bearing T1+, T3+, and T4+ antigens (helper/inducer cells) and a small number of cells bearing T1+, T3+, and T5+/T8+ antigens (suppressor/cytotoxic cells). (rug.nl)
Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
Long-term engraftment of allogeneic cells necessitates eluding immune-mediated rejection, which is currently achieved by matching for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, immunosuppression, and/or delivery of donor-derived cells to sanctuary sites. (ashpublications.org)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
They can also stimulate the destruction of antigen by cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils by covering the surface of the antigen by the Fc portion of the antibodies in a process known as "opsonization. (medscape.com)
When activated by an antigen, such as a bacterial protein or virus, B cells differentiate into plasma cells that rapidly produce and secrete antibodies. (nclexnursing.com)
Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells by releasing toxic substances, while helper T cells assist immune responses by enhancing other immune cells' functions. (nclexnursing.com)
They carry foreign determinants important for immune recognition by cytotoxic T cells, thus important for anti-viral and anti-tumour defence. (abeomics.com)
Direct recognition by alphabeta cytolytic T cells of Hfe, a MHC class Ib molecule without antigen-presenting function. (ox.ac.uk)
HLA antigens are substances, usually a protein, found on the surface of our cells that stimulate the production of antibodies. (hrsa.gov)
Once the graft has escaped the initial acute phase rejection reactions, a cumulative unresponsiveness to the graft develops as the recipient is continually exposed to donor MHC, a stable state that sometimes depends on the development of antigen-specific T-suppressor cells [ 371 , 5349 - 5354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
It has been suggested that a high single dose of RT may induce an immune response that leads to the priming of antigen-specific dendritic cells (DCs). (amegroups.org)
Cell phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry and antigen-presenting ability by co-culture with syngeneic T cells followed by tetramer analysis and interferon (IFN)-γ ELISPOT. (ox.ac.uk)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Receptor for antigen2
Demonstration of heavy and light chain antigenic determinants on the cell-bound receptor for antigen. (wikidata.org)
The ontogeny, structure and function of the human T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex. (ox.ac.uk)
In the case of an organ transplant, the body will recognize the HLA antigens on the transplanted organ as not being the same as its own, and form specific antibodies against those particular HLA antigens. (hrsa.gov)
0201-restricted cytotoxic1
Lack of strong immune selection pressure by the immunodominant, HLA-A 0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. (anaspec.com)
Major8
Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
This study shows that peptide-specific HLA B27-restricted CTL following influenza virus infection use very similar TcR and, when considered with previous studies, suggests a pattern of TcR conservation for major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted responses. (ox.ac.uk)
The use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide tetrameric complexes (tetramers) to study antiviral CTL responses has revolutionized our approach to the study of human infection. (ox.ac.uk)
T8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions. (bvsalud.org)
Predisposition to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura maps close to the major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A. Human immunology 2009 Mar 70 (3): 3. (cdc.gov)
Minor histocompatibility3
This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
About 12 days after LPC-1, a myeloma tumor, was transplanted it became resistant to lysis by allogenic CTL (anti-H-2(d)) and by CTL directed to trinitrophenyl groups or minor histocompatibility antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
Twenty-three female UCB samples were collected from healthy mothers and analyzed for minor histocompatibility Ag HY-specific responses. (ashpublications.org)
Beta 2-microglobul1
A series of monoclonal antibodies were used to study the intrathymic distribution of T cell-specific antigens, Ia antigens, and beta 2-microglobulin in frozen sections of human thymus by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. (rug.nl)
Peptide1
The specific antigen that triggers lichen planus is unknown, although it may be a self-peptide (or altered self-peptide), in which case lichen planus would be a true autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
Activation2
The affinity between CD8 and the MHC molecule keeps the TC cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen-specific activation. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
Antibody2
Antibody directed against Ia antigens resulted in a characteristic patchy pattern of staining in the cortex and in diffuse staining in the medulla, which was interpreted as resulting from staining of epithelial reticulum. (rug.nl)
For example, if a candidate has developed a specific antibody to the HLA antigen A2, that person is said to be "sensitized" to the A2 antigen. (hrsa.gov)
Gene4
There are fewer than 30,000 genes in the human body, so it is impossible to have one gene for every antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The Thy19.4 gene contains an open reading frame, and in several aspects resembles the genes that encode the transplantation antigens. (caltech.edu)
However, unlike the classical transplantation antigens, the Thy19.4 gene maps distal to the H-2 region, in the Hmt region. (caltech.edu)
Association of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a Chinese population. (cdc.gov)
Tumor associated1
The tumor-associated derived antigens (TAAs) released to the tumor periphery can be captured by DCs. (amegroups.org)
Antibodies can bind to the different antigens causing agglutination and precipitation of the antigens leading to neutralization of the antigen effect. (medscape.com)
Second, because of previous medical events, some patients have already developed antibodies to specific HLA antigens. (hrsa.gov)
Viral2
The expression or unmasking of the lichen planus antigen may be induced by drugs (lichenoid drug reaction), contact allergens in dental restorative materials or toothpastes (contact hypersensitivity reaction), mechanical trauma (Koebner phenomenon), viral infection, or other unidentified agents. (medscape.com)
After the loss of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to this epitope and in the presence of high viral load, reversion to wild-type sequence was observed. (ox.ac.uk)
Epitope1
The immune response to HIV-1 in patients who carry human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is characterized by an immunodominant response to an epitope in p24 gag (amino acids 263-272, KR WIILGLNK). (ox.ac.uk)
Proliferation1
Since the immune response to antigen requires clonal proliferation, agents that block mitosis are effective inhibitors of the immune response. (nanomedicine.com)
Immune system4
The body's immune system can react adaptively against the antigen via 2 pathways: cellular or humoral. (medscape.com)
Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)
The most general pre-nanomedical method to suppress immune system acute responsiveness is called antigen nonspecific immunosuppression. (nanomedicine.com)
Молекулярні компоненти імунної системи The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens (Ags). (msdmanuals.com)
Immunodominant1
Recognition of an immunodominant influenza hemagglutinin site by cytotoxic T lymphocyte is independent of the position of the site in the hemagglutinin translation product. (silverchair.com)
Molecule1
If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen, and the T cell destroys the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Patient's1
Whenever a transplant coordinator updates a patient's unacceptable antigens, the system will automatically recalculate the value. (hrsa.gov)
Cell6
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
Antigen nonspecific methods include the use of cytotoxic drugs that interfere with all cell division in the body [ 383 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Hence neuronal MHC-I may trigger antigenic catecholamine and response neurons could be especially vunerable to T cell-mediated cytotoxic strike. (healthweeks.com)
These results led us to examine whether neuronal antigen-loaded MHC-I was proficient to result in CTL mediated cell death. (healthweeks.com)
Genes1
HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. (medlineplus.gov)
Human2
HLA stands for Human Leukocyte Antigen. (hrsa.gov)
Association of polymorphisms in human platelet antigens with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Macedonians. (cdc.gov)