• Cerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The treatment of cerebral edema depends on the cause and includes monitoring of the person's airway and intracranial pressure, proper positioning, controlled hyperventilation, medications, fluid management, steroids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensive cerebral edema can also be treated surgically with a decompressive craniectomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cerebral edema is a major cause of brain damage and contributes significantly to the mortality of ischemic strokes and traumatic brain injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • As cerebral edema is present with many common cerebral pathologies, the epidemiology of the disease is not easily defined. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extent and severity of the symptoms of cerebral edema depend on the exact etiology but are generally related to an acute increase of the pressure within the skull. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the skull is a fixed and inelastic space, the accumulation of cerebral edema can displace and compress vital brain tissue, cerebral spinal fluid, and blood vessels, according to the Monro-Kellie doctrine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following were reliable predictors for development of early cerebral edema in ischemic strokes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Younger age Higher severity of symptoms on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Signs of current ischemia on clinical exam Decreased level of consciousness Hyper dense artery sign and larger affected area on CT imaging Higher blood glucose Cerebral edema has been traditional classified into two major sub-types: cytotoxic and vasogenic cerebral edema. (wikipedia.org)
  • This simple classification helps guide medical decision making and treatment of patients affected with cerebral edema. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brain edema primarily occurs as a consequence of various cerebral injuries including ischemic stroke. (benthamscience.com)
  • Role of aquaporin-4 in cerebral edema and stroke. (benthamscience.com)
  • Mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated cerebral edema. (benthamscience.com)
  • Igarashi H, Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Pretreatment with a novel aquaporin 4 inhibitor, TGN-020, significantly reduces ischemic cerebral edema. (benthamscience.com)
  • MedicineNet Home MedTerms medical dictionary AZ List cerebral edema. (geometry.net)
  • cerebral edema AND BRAIN SWELLING A. Vasogenic cerebral edema (most common form ofedema) 1. (geometry.net)
  • High Altitude cerebral edema HACE. (geometry.net)
  • Several toxic brain lesions such as cerebral atrophy, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, ischemia and infarction have all been reported on brain CT scans obtained from patients who intoxicated by various toxic agents. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • For example, malignant brain edema was present in roughly 31% of people with ischemic strokes within 30 days after onset. (wikipedia.org)
  • Current clinical treatment for ischemic edema is very limited, therefore, it is urgent to develop novel treatment strategies. (benthamscience.com)
  • Mounting evidence has demonstrated that AQP4, a water channel protein, is closely correlated with brain edema and could be an optimal therapeutic target for the reduction of ischemic brain edema. (benthamscience.com)
  • The absence of an AQP4/TRPV4 complex substantially reduces acute cytotoxic edema following ischemic injury. (cas.cz)
  • Intratracheally injection of bile acid had been shown to induce severe pulmonary edema in rabbits [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The basic lesion in Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is increased pulmonary capillary permeability that leads to severe pulmonary edema. (medscape.com)
  • The pathogenesis of pulmonary edema in Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is not well understood, although an immunologic mechanism is considered to play an important role. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of Acute Respiratory Distress (ARDS) is marked by disruptions to the alveolar-capillary complex mediated by inflammation, interalveolar edema primarily caused by protein-rich fluids influx, reduced alveolar clearance, and increased pulmonary resistance. (ceufast.com)
  • Corpus callosum FLAIR and diffusion signal abnormalities with ADC decrease (star) corresponding to cytotoxic edema. (datadryad.org)
  • Cellular brain edema induced by water intoxication in rat experimental model. (nel.edu)
  • This paper presents our own rat model of the cellular brain edema, induced by water intoxication (WI). (nel.edu)
  • The inflammation and coagulation response after ICH would accelerate the formation of brain edema around hematoma, resulting in a more severe and durable injury. (karger.com)
  • This metabolic aberration results in accumulation of intracellular ions (including calcium ions), creating an intracellular gradient responsible for intracellular accumulation of water (ie, cytotoxic edema). (medscape.com)
  • Macular edema in humans is a result of diffuse capillary leakage and microaneurysms in the macular region. (nature.com)
  • Blue light exposure of the R91W;Nrl −/− mouse could therefore be used to study molecular events preceding edema formation in a cone-rich environment, and thus potentially help to develop treatment strategies for edema-based complications in macular degenerations. (nature.com)
  • Decreased vision due to cataract must be differentiated from that caused by coexisting macular edema or posterior segment pathology. (aao.org)
  • Hernstadt DJ, Hosain R. Effect of prostaglandin analogue use on the development of cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification using STROBE statement methodology. (aao.org)
  • Ophthalmologic findings include macular edema and blot hemorrhages (10), cotton wool spots (1), retinal vasculitis (4), exudative retinal detachment (2), and anterior uveitis (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Significant reduction of brain edema, better clinical recovery, and reduced infarct volume and hippocampal cell death are noted. (letfreedomgrow.com)
  • The most common clinical aspects were persistent facial edema with necroses and pitted scars. (nih.gov)
  • No urgent clinical indication for immediate cytotoxic chemotherapy. (who.int)
  • While non-specific, CT findings of low-attenuation lesions in the basal ganglia, infarctions in young patients, or diffuse edema should raise suspicion for poisoning or overdose. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • T1: limited to tumor-associated edema of cutaneous lesions without functional impairment or flat oral lesions. (who.int)
  • Children and adolescents with lymph node or visceral disease, woody edema, or = 20 cutaneous lesions. (who.int)
  • An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive hydrocephalus ). (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Cytotoxic brain edema induced by water intoxication and vasogenic brain edema induced by osmotic BBB disruption lead to distinct pattern of ICP elevation during telemetric monitoring in freely moving rats. (nel.edu)
  • The inflammation, thrombin activation, and erythrocyte lysis caused by primary injury could promote the formation of brain edema, which is associated with poor outcome, and could cause more severe and durable injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
  • For treatment of severe anaphylaxis the initial dose of adrenaline is 0.1-0.5 mg (0.1-0.5 ml of La vacuna cumple con los requisitos de la O.M.S. y B.P. cuando se la comprueba por los métodos delineados en la O.M.S., TRS. (who.int)
  • There is a short-of-effective medical treatment for secondary inflammation and reducing brain edema in ICH patients. (karger.com)
  • In early delayed complications, patients may have increased edema and contrast enhancement on MRI (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) that may resolve spontaneously over a few months. (medscape.com)
  • vasogenic factors, thrombin formation, erythrocyte lysis and hemoglobin (Hb) toxicity [ 5 ] have been proved to be related to brain edema growth [ 6 ]. (karger.com)
  • Both temporal lobes herniate through the tentorial notch because of bilateral mass effects or diffuse brain edema. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ultimate consequence of cytotoxic edema is the oncotic death of neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • These complications are probably a consequence of the alkaline and hypertonic nature of different NaOCl solutions that have cytotoxic effects, causing tissue damage especially at concentrations higher than 0.01% 15 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In recent years, many studies focus on the mechanism of secondary inflammation that can cause brain edema and this may provide new therapy targets for ICH [ 7 ]. (karger.com)
  • Early delayed complications are caused by white matter injury characterized by demyelination and vasogenic edema. (medscape.com)
  • Adults with visceral disease or tumor-associated edema causing functional impairment. (who.int)
  • This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of AQP4 related to its dual role in edema formation and elimination. (benthamscience.com)
  • Although the precise pathological mechanism is currently unknown, the most probable explanation is a direct cytotoxic effect of the agents on the vascular endothelium [ 4 ]. (cdlib.org)
  • Common symptoms are edema, pain and tachycardia. (slu.se)
  • Neurotoxicity of cyclosporine A in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: is cytotoxic edema really an unfavorable predictor of permanent neurological damage? (springermedizin.at)
  • For which cytotoxic drugs is renal damage the dose-limiting toxicity? (freezingblue.com)
  • Histopathological examination revealed a basket-weave pattern of hyperkeratosis, spongiosis with lymphocytic and neutrophilic exocytosis, irregular acanthosis, focal basal cell degeneration, upper dermal band-like as well as perivascular lympho-mononuclear infiltrates, and papillary dermal edema (Figures 2 and 3). (cdlib.org)
  • Locomotion in young rats with induced brain cellular edema - effects of recombinant human erythropoietin. (nel.edu)
  • Maresova D, Kozler P, Miletínová E, Zima T, Pokorny J. Locomotion in young rats with induced brain cellular edema - effects of recombinant human erythropoietin. (nel.edu)
  • For example, chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids are cytotoxic and have detergent effects. (hindawi.com)
  • An experimental model of the "dual diagnosis": Effect of cytotoxic brain edema plus peripheral neuropathy on the spontaneous locomotor activity of rats. (nel.edu)
  • Phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), inositol lipid (PI), and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC), among which LPC is the main component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and degrades production of PC with its cytotoxic effect [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The following individual sub-types have been identified: In general, cytotoxic edema is linked to cell death in the brain through excessive cellular swelling. (wikipedia.org)
  • and one for SCL that are due to edema caused by cell death which will lead to glial cell scar formation (DWI positive and FLAIR positive). (jafib.com)
  • At that time, the patient reported extreme pain and a burning sensation in the left maxillary region, followed by the formation of intense edema. (bvsalud.org)
  • topical NSAIDs and cytotoxic agents may be used to supplement treatment. (aao.org)