Cytosol during endocytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here, we show that K13 is associated with the collar that constricts cytostomal invaginations required for the parasite to ingest host cytosol. (elifesciences.org)
Conditional protein mislocalization combined with high-resolution imaging provides convincing evidence that K13 is involved in the formation of cytostomes, the structures involved in the endocytosis of host cytosol. (elifesciences.org)

Pawlowski, N. Dynamin self-assembly and the vesicle scission mechanism: how dynamin oligomers cleave the membrane neck of clathrin-coated pits during endocytosis. (nature.com)
When food contaminated with BoNTs is ingested the toxin passes through the gastrointestinal tract, transcytosed from gut lumen into general blood circulation, binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuronal cells and then is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis into nerve cells. (nature.com)
B-subunit is composed of two domains: receptor domain or R-domain, which is responsible for binding to cell DT receptor, and transmembrane or T-domain, which is involved in the process of C-domain transfer in the cytosol across endosomal membrane. (org.ua)
DT binding to proHB-EGF on a plasma membrane triggers internalization of DT-proHB-EGF complex through the clathrin-dependent endocytosis. (org.ua)
A new vital stain for visualizing vacuolar membrane dynamics and endocytosis in yeast. (rupress.org)
Different stimuli can cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) that results in leakage of lysosomal content into the cytosol. (liu.se)
Binding of exogenous FGF2 to FGFR facilitates endocytosis followed by translocation of FGF2 across endosomal membrane into the cytosol. (bioss.com.cn)

Then pH in the endosomal lumen decreases and C-domain enters into the cytosol where it can modify eEF-2. (org.ua)
Probenecid did not inhibit folate binding to FR, but inhibited PCFT-mediated transport at endosomal pH, and blocked FRα- mediated transport into the cytosol. (elsevierpure.com)

Finally, using permeabilized yeast spheroplasts to reconstitute FM 4-64 transport, we found that delivery of FM 4-64 from the endosome-like intermediate compartment (labeled at 15 degrees C) to the vacuole was ATP and cytosol dependent. (rupress.org)
Tau/Clusterin complexes enter recipient cells via endocytosis and compromise the endolysosomal compartment, allowing transfer to the cytosol where they propagate aggregation of endogenous Tau. (synergy-munich.de)

On the other hand, DT represents a very interesting molecular machine which allows using this protein in different bioengineering applications, such as ablation of certain cell types in transgenic mice, development of immunotoxins targeted for specific cell markers and also for delivery of certain proteins into the cytosol. (org.ua)
Nuclear import from the cytosol requires the classical nuclear import machinery, involving proteins KPNA1 and KPNB1, as well as CEP57. (bioss.com.cn)
Assembly of Endocytosis-Associated Proteins on Liposomes -- Chapter 15. (edu.au)

Using live-cell imaging and electron microscopy we clearly show that 46 nm platinum-decorated ceria nanoparticles can rapidly penetrate cell membranes and reach the cytosol. (cipsm.de)
The mechanism by which siRNA degrades mRNA in cells can be summarized as follows: siRNA delivered by nanoparticles enters the cell through endocytosis. (airbq.com)

Lysosomes are acidic organelles that are critically involved in a number of physiological processes including macromolecule degradation, endocytosis, autophagy, exocytosis and cholesterol homeostasis. (liu.se)
Specific endocytosis and degradation of naked DNA in the endocardial cells of cod (Gadus morhua L. (silverchair.com)

The delivery mechanism of ODN/DOTAP complexes was investigated using inhibitors of the endocytosis pathway. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors of the endocytosis pathway show that the majority of F-ODN are introduced through an endocytic pathway mainly involving uncoated vesicles. (nih.gov)
The current study addresses the role PCFT might play in another transport pathway, folate receptor (FR)-mediated endocytosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Our results demonstrate a remarkable particle size effect in which particles smaller than ~50-100 nm escape the usual endocytic pathway and translocate directly into the cytosol, while particles larger than ~150 nm are internalized by conventional endocytosis. (cipsm.de)
Consecutive pathway and cluster analysis led to the identification of biological processes, namely processes involving binding and processing of nucleic acids, LRP1-dependent endocytosis, and exosome formation. (degruyter.com)

The virus enters human cells via endocytosis by binding the ACE2 receptor and releasing its positive-sense RNA genome. (news-medical.net)
In the case of saporin, it was reported that saporin first binds to the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor on human cells and is then internalized to the cytosol. (jysco.com)

The toxin binds to cell-surface polysaccharide receptors with a high affinity (Ka in the range of 107-108/M). When the toxin binds to the cell, the A-chain enters through either active transport or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)

Delivery of Macromolecules into Cytosol using Liposomes Containing Hemolysin -- Chapter 19. (edu.au)

Following transcription, the Venus mRNA is expressed in the cytosol and cells are ready to assay. (thermofisher.com)
FRα was shown to bind and trap folates in vesicles but with minimal export into the cytosol in PCFT - cells. (elsevierpure.com)

BacMam (baculoviral) particles carrying the Venus gene (yellow) are taken up by endocytosis. (thermofisher.com)
Since the small particles are able to bypass endocytosis they could be explored as drug and gene delivery vehicles. (cipsm.de)

These observations (i) indicate that PCFT plays a role in FRα-mediated endocytosis by serving as a route of export of folates from acidified endosomes and (ii) provide a functional role for PCFT in tissues in which it is expressed, such as the choroid plexus, where the extracellular milieu is at neutral pH. (elsevierpure.com)

This study provides important new insights into the function of K13 in the endocytosis of hemoglobin, a central process for the activation of artemisinin derivatives. (elifesciences.org)

The virus is engulfed by receptor mediated endocytosis . (biology-pages.info)
The mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis enables the active uptake of (drug-)loaded nanocarriers specifically bound to tumor cells. (nano-initiative-munich.de)
The Tf:TfR complex then enters the endosome via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rcsb.org)

Cells communicate with their environment and with other cells through their plasma membranes (PM). The major selective pathway for internalization from the plasma membrane is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which involves the assembly of clathrin coated pits (CCPs) that package cargo molecules, invaginate and pinch off into the cytosol forming clathrin coated vesicles (CCVs). (nih.gov)
Viral internalization happens by clathrin-mediated endocytosis accompanied by fusion from the viral envelope using the endosomal membrane (17, 18). (dc-thera.org)
Because many poisons that need to get usage of the sponsor cell cytosol talk about conserved systems of entry, substances that inhibit occasions involved with toxin internalization may become wide toxin inhibitors. (thetechnoant.info)

Many enveloped viruses invade cells via endocytosis and use different environmental factors as triggers for virus-endosome fusion that delivers viral genome into cytosol. (nih.gov)
Importantly, we demonstrate that knockdown of clathrin large string additional, which blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, decreases viral infectivity. (euromed2016.com)
IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol. (nih.gov)
Following its de-encapsidation, viral RNA can be released in to the cytosol and translated right into a group of structural protein (primary KU 0060648 capsid proteins and E1 and E2 envelope protein) and non-structural protein (p7, NS2-3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B). (dc-thera.org)
In cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc)-contaminated Huh7.5 cells, the cleavage from the reporter from the viral proteases NS3 and -4A encourages the redistribution from the fluorescence through the mitochondria towards the cytosol, permitting the discrimination of individual HCV-infected cells in set or live samples. (dc-thera.org)
Hemagglutinin is responsible for host cell binding and subsequent fusion of viral and host membranes in the endosome after the virus has been taken up by endocytosis. (callutheran.edu)
This "fusion-active" state of hemagglutinin triggers the fusion of the viral membrane and the endosome membrane, releasing the viral nucleocapsid into the cytosol of the host cell. (callutheran.edu)

Some AB toxins, such as DT, access the cytosol from acidified endosomes. (usda.gov)
In this case, the lipoplex enters into the cell cytosol via the endosomes. (cambio.co.uk)

Using Cupid coupled to GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), we have seen no evidence of vesicle formation (indicative of entry via endocytosis) using real-time confocal microscopy. (cupidpeptides.com)

We display that inhibitors of endocytosis and endosomal acidification recognized in this display, including toosendanin and three medicines approved for make use of in human beings, also inhibit cell loss of life induced from the bacterial toxin TcdB from activity against botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) (24, 35-37) (Fig. 3). (thetechnoant.info)

While in the ER the A subunit is proteolytically processed and activated before entering the cytosol [9] where it cleaves the 28S rRNA component of the 60S ribosomal subunit halting peptide elongation and inhibiting protein biosynthesis in the affected cell [10]. (bio-biz-navi.com)

An image that shows the extensive layer of cortical microtubules which lie under the pellicle and many other microtubules and mitochondria that form a mass in the cytosol. (cellimagelibrary.org)
This study reports on abnormal cellular iron homeostasis in FRDA fibroblasts inducing a massive iron overload in the cytosol and mitochondria. (curefa.org)

The broad usability of Tb-to-QD FRET was further demonstrated by intracellular Tb-to-QD FRET and Tb-to-QD-to-dye FRET using microinjection as well as cell-penetrating peptide-mediated endocytosis with HeLa cells. (uu.nl)
Several tumor cells express, for example, mannose receptors and mannose-6-phosphate receptors for efficient endocytosis of these sugars, which are used for intracellular energy synthesis. (nano-initiative-munich.de)

Although apoptotic bodies, ectosomes and exosomes are all roughly the same size (typically 40-100 nm) and all also contain 'gulps' of cytosol, they are different species of vesicles and understanding differences between them is of paramount importance but has too often been overlooked. (biomedcentral.com)
A: It is known that other cell penetrating peptides such as TAT and polyarginine / lysine enter cells in vesicles through the endocytosis pathway. (cupidpeptides.com)

These toxins are released into the extracellular milieu, but they act upon targets within the eukaryotic (mammalian) cytosol. (usda.gov)
When liposomes encounter nucleic acids they re-form into nucleic acid lipid complexes called lipoplexes which can be actively taken up by eukaryotic cells by means of endocytosis. (cambio.co.uk)

These discoveries reveal that SARS-CoV-2 uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis to get gain access to into cells and shows that this process is normally a key facet of trojan infectivity. (euromed2016.com)

The toxin binds to cell-surface polysaccharide receptors with a high affinity (Ka in the range of 107-108/M). When the toxin binds to the cell, the A-chain enters through either active transport or endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
The main mechanism for delivery was not by endocytosis of nanoparticles but by nanoparticle-cell contact-mediated transfer directly to the cytosol and, to a smaller extent, release of payload from nanoparticles into the medium followed by diffusion into cells. (sintef.no)
First, the toxin enters the cell by way of endocytosis, through a coated pit on the cell's surface. (cdc.gov)
These are found in the cytosol of the infected cell, and at least one of them reduces host gene expression. (biology-pages.info)
Non-canonical TGFβ and BMP activity in the cytosol determines whether pSMAD2,3 or pSMAD1,5,8 associates with the tight junction (PAR complex) or with LGL, and whether cell shape changes can occur at the MHP. (biologists.com)
cell cytosol takes place in the lumen from the endosomal program. (euromed2016.com)
The cytoskeleton also helps with cell signaling through the uptake of material from the endocytosis, or the area outside the cell, and moving materials within the cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Once within the cells, the cargo peptide is able to fold into its bioactive form in the cytosol directed by the cells' own protein folding machinery, as if it had been newly created by the cell itself. (cupidpeptides.com)
It delivers itself, and any attached cargo, to the cytosol fraction of the cell. (cupidpeptides.com)
1) Lundberg M, Wikström S, Johansson M. Cell surface adherence and endocytosis of protein transduction domains. (cupidpeptides.com)
The B subunits bind the glycolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor on host cell membranes [7] thereby initiating their entry into the cell via endocytosis resulting in their retrograde transport first entering the trans-Golgi network then the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [8]. (bio-biz-navi.com)
After binding to sialic acid residues of receptor proteins on host cells, the influenza virus is brought into the cell by endocytosis. (callutheran.edu)

Many cellular events precede A chain entry into the cytosol. (usda.gov)
Secondly, after being shuttled to an endosome, the ricin is delivered to the Golgi apparatus, from which it makes its way to the cellular cytosol, where it begins its deactivation of ribosomes. (cdc.gov)

The other is that receptors exist either in membranes or in the cytosol as 'mobile' elements which, when com- bined with the activating hormone, induce the receptor to collide with or move to the site(s) of the effector sys- tems. (nih.gov)

Confocal observations indicate the entry process of Cupid is not dependent on endocytosis, like e.g. (cupidpeptides.com)

We have used quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to study CCP dynamics in living cells and identified an endocytosis 'checkpoint' that is sensitive to cargo content and regulated by the GTPase dynamin. (nih.gov)

In ileum, the IF-vitamin B12 complex then binds to the cubam receptor, which facilitates endocytosis into the lysosome. (vitamindwiki.com)
ApoB can be a nonexchangeable apolipoprotein that continues to be from the lipoprotein after transformation of VLDL into LDL and binds to LDL-R, triggering LDL endocytosis. (dc-thera.org)

We found that a rapid transfer of cells into cold medium (15°C) in the presence of prototypical CCPP - nona-arginine (R9, 1-2μM) dramatically boosts the efficiency of R9 entry into the cytosol and nucleus detected as nuclear accumulation of the rhodamine-tagged R9. (nih.gov)

Payloads are then released into the cytosol as a result of the lysosomal protease, followed by their binding to tubulin to prevent microtubule polymerization, which results in tumor death. (biomedcentral.com)

Double-staining experiments with endocytosis markers revealed that α-TTP accumulates transiently on the cytoplasmic surface of late endosomal membranes. (elsevierpure.com)

For both endosome and ER translocation sites, holotoxin disassembly occurs before or concurrently with A chain entry into the cytosol. (usda.gov)

On binding the botulinum toxin is translocated into the neuronal cytosol by a process known as endocytosis. (drtbalu.co)

The mechanism of ADCs [ 5 ] can be described as follows: The mAbs bind to a specific target on the surface of the tumor cells and are effectively internalized through endocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)

In earlier studies, we and others showed that at 37°C various pathways of endocytosis are involved in CCPPs entry into cells. (nih.gov)

On reaching the cytosol of the neurons, it blocks the release of acetylcholine by closing down the calcium channels. (drtbalu.co)

Macrophages that continuously perceive foreign particles in their cytosol will likely reiterate, with variable interindividual efficiency, a dedicated form of autophagy (xenophagy) until they dispose of alien materials. (frontiersin.org)

This exposes the contents of the virus to the cytosol. (biology-pages.info)

The structure reveals an FNO-like domain with an unexpected dimer interface and substrate binding sites that are well positioned to direct electron transfer from the cytosol to a heme moiety predicted to be fixed within the transmembrane domain. (rcsb.org)

The University of Padova kindly supported the Workshop, offering two wonderful venues: the new main conference room of the "Orto Botanico", heritage of humanity (Botanical Garden, http://www.ortobotanicopd.it/en ), and the main hall of the "Palazzo del Bo" ( https://www.unipd.it/palazzo-bo ) in Padua. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy39

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes33

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Host cytosol2

Membrane7

Endosomal2

Compartment2

Proteins3

Nanoparticles2

Degradation2

Pathway5

Receptor2

Enters1

Liposomes1

Cells2

Gene2

Plays a role1

Process1

Receptor-mediated en3

Internalization3

Viral7

Endosomes2

Vesicle1

Endosomal acidification1

Subunit1

Mitochondria2

Intracellular2

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Eukaryotic2

Infectivity1

Cell12

Cellular2

Receptors1

Confocal1

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Nucleus1

Lysosomal1

Membranes1

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Mechanism1

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Main1