Cytoskeletal cell polarity. Medical search. Frequent questions

The protein directly interacts with filamentous actin and a variety of cell membrane proteins through multiple actin binding sites, SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region containing binding sites for SH3 domains. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we test this prediction using budding yeast cells, and confirm that increasing the amount of key polarity proteins results in multiple polarity sites and simultaneous budding. (duke.edu)
Two cytoskeletal proteins called ezrin and merlin play a key role in the formation of this nose. (dkfz.de)
Utilizing this APC-M2 pAb, we immunoprecipitated endogenous APC and its binding proteins from colon epithelial cells expressing wild-type APC. (ku.edu)
183:1129-1143) provide new insights into how Cdc42 and Par proteins work together to modulate cell adhesion and polarity during embryonic morphogenesis by regulating the traffic of key cell junction proteins. (rupress.org)
In its GTP-bound form, Cdc42 binds several effectors that help direct polarized cell growth: repolarizing actin and microtubules, directing polarized exocytosis via this reoriented cytoskeleton and by direct contact with exocytic machinery, and recruiting proteins such as septins that form a boundary restricting the region of cell growth. (rupress.org)
Par proteins, like Cdc42, play conserved roles in cell polarity in many contexts, from early embryos to epithelial apical-basal polarity ( Goldstein and Macara, 2007 ). (rupress.org)
An image of a developing leaf from an Arabidopsis plant that has been modified to express fluorescent proteins marking the cell boundaries (black) and a polarity protein (magenta). (stanford.edu)
Researchers in the lab of Dominique Bergmann , the Shirley R. and Leonard W. Ely, Jr. Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences professor of biology, began this work by investigating polarity complexes - little clusters of proteins that are critical in each cell to build leaves of the proper size and shape. (stanford.edu)
Stem cells use these polarity proteins to decide where to divide,' " said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
To investigate how these proteins work, the team developed plant cell lines that expressed fluorescent versions of polarity complex and cytoskeletal proteins, then spent hundreds of hours in a dark room, tracking the glowing proteins' movements while cells grew, divided, and repeated. (stanford.edu)
The direct impairment of migration capacity of renal cells by hantaviral N proteins may contribute substantially to proteinuria observed in the clinical picture of hantavirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
and 3) the molecular basis of diseases that involve spectrin or any of its associated proteins, including contributions of the cortical cytoskeleton to the phenotypic alterations of malignant cells and the molecular pathology of acquired and inherited disorders involving this structure. (yale.edu)
PDLIM2 (also called Mystique or SLIM) is certainly Mouse monoclonal to ALDH1A1 a cytoskeletal and nuclear PDZ-LIM area protein that regulates the balance of many transcription elements including NFκB and sign transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) in hemopoietic and epithelial cells [7-9]. (healthweeks.com)
The binding of integrin receptors to extraceullular proteins permits cell adhesion and migration during development, wound healing, and inflammation. (upstate.edu)
White blood cells, or leukocytes, are extremely dependent upon integrin receptor recognition of matrix proteins in order to exit the vasculature and resolve inflammatory events within the tissues. (upstate.edu)
Cell motility, adhesion, cytokinesis, and other functions of the cell cortex are mediated by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and several formin homology (FH) proteins have been associated with these processes. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Genetic analysis has uncovered that genes necessary for epithelial polarity code for cytoskeletal proteins and their regulators, like the par-3 protein Bazooka ( Kuchinke, Grawe & Knust, 1998 ) or the EGF and laminin domains-containing protein Crumbs ( Tepass, Theres & Knust, 1990 ). (peerj.com)
Signaling genes necessary for orchestrating these processes (like the JNK pathway ( Rios-Barrera & Riesgo-Escovar, 2013 )) regulate cytoskeletal proteins, like the FERM-domain proteins Coracle ( Fehon, Dawson & Artavanis-Tsakonas, 1994 ) and Yurt ( Hoover & Bryant, 2002 ). (peerj.com)
FH2 domains are found in many proteins that are required in a variety of cytoskeletal dependent processes such as cellular polarity, morphogenesis, and cytokinesis. (mshri.on.ca)
Processes like these have evolved from common ancestors of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and it becomes increasingly clear that the bacterial versions of these basic cell functions use similar ancestral molecules, for example cytoskeletal proteins, as those used in animal and plant cells. (lu.se)

APC also interacts with the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell polarity. (ku.edu)
Our results suggest that APC associates with all three major components of the cytoskeleton, thus expanding potential roles for APC in the regulation of cytoskeletal integrity. (ku.edu)
Plant and animal stem cells both rely on the cytoskeleton to divide properly, but a new Stanford study finds that they use them in opposite ways - while animal cells pull on the cytoskeleton, plant cells push it away. (stanford.edu)
Animal stem cells use the cytoskeleton - a transient network of structural tubules - to physically pull the correct materials from the parent cell into each daughter cell during the split. (stanford.edu)
Plants also have stem cells that need to distribute different materials to each of their daughters, but earlier studies seem to have ruled out an "animal-style" cytoskeleton to accomplish this task. (stanford.edu)
In a new study published July 6 in Science , researchers at Stanford University found that plant cells also use the cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
Instead of pulling on the cytoskeleton, like animal stem cells, the plant cells they studied actually pushed it away. (stanford.edu)
Fgfr-Ras-MAPK signaling does not disrupt localization of polarity molecules or the actomyosin cytoskeleton. (zfin.org)
Rap1-deficient naive T cells exhibited impaired abilities to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton into pseudopods and actomyosin-rich uropods. (bvsalud.org)

Abl is an essential regulator of cell migration and morphogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. (biologists.com)
The furry ( fry ) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. (nature.com)
The embryo of the frog Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model of cell polarization, migration, and morphogenesis due to its unique experimental advantages. (nature.com)
This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.org)
The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. (cshlpress.org)

Cdc42 also affects other aspects of cell polarity, including microtubule dynamics, centrosome positioning, and Golgi reorientation. (rupress.org)
She combines mRNA injections, whole-embryo live-imaging, single cell sequencing and in situ whole mount hybridization to capture the dynamics and molecular players of development. (uni-goettingen.de)
This technology allowed the authors to study protein dynamics within the stem cells of living plants. (stanford.edu)
The cytoskeletal organisation is fundamental for all cellular events, which defines the shape of the cells, the transport of molecules in different cellular domains, and controls the dynamics of cellular function. (ox.ac.uk)
Frank Gertler , Professor at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, discussing "Cytoskeletal Dynamics Underlying EMT, Chemotaxis and Metastasis. (stonybrook.edu)
This process depends on cytoskeletal dynamics and polarity, but its regulation remains elusive. (bvsalud.org)
Actin Cytoskeletal Dynamics in the leukocyte inflammatory phenotype. (upstate.edu)

We analyzed the cellular consequences of hantavirus infection by measuring adhesion and migration capacity of human renal cells infected with Puumala (PUUV) or Hantaan (HTNV) virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection of kidney cells with hantavirus species PUUV and HTNV causes a significant reduction of migration capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The Abelson non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abl) family has been implicated in a broad range of biological processes, such as oncogenesis, cell growth, adhesion, migration, neurite extension and growth cone motility (for a review, see Pendergast, 2002 ). (biologists.com)
Unexpectedly, mutant T cells exhibited normal extravasation into lymph nodes, fast interstitial migration, even greater chemotactic responses to chemokines and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and entrance into lymphatic sinuses but severely delayed exit: mutant T cells retained high motility in lymphatic sinuses and frequently returned to the lymph node parenchyma, resulting in defective egress. (bvsalud.org)
Lymphocyte trafficking requires fine-tuning of chemokine-mediated cell migration. (bvsalud.org)
PDLIM2 is a cytoskeletal and nuclear PDZ-LIM area protein that regulates the balance of Nuclear Aspect kappa-B (NFκB) and other transcription elements and is necessary for polarized cell migration. (healthweeks.com)
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal elements coordinating and supporting a variety of neuronal processes, including cell division, migration, polarity, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. (tbcdfoundation.org)

The cytoplasmic protein localizes to membrane ruffles, lipid rafts, and the leading edges of cells. (wikipedia.org)
The movie shows the interactions between a polarity protein, BASL (magenta), and microtubules (black). (stanford.edu)
Hantaviral N protein was detected in tubular and glomerular cells and cell-to-cell contact structures were changed in biopsy samples of patients with serologically confirmed PUUV infections [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, agonist-dependent activation of cell surface receptors is sometimes required to promote interaction with a PDZ protein. (embl.de)
We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. (elifesciences.org)
In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
The laboratory utilizes techniques ranging from molecular biology to whole animal inflammation models, with an emphasis on cell biology and protein biochemistry. (upstate.edu)
Phalloidin staining is shown in blue, and the polarity protein Par3 is shown in magenta. (cshlpress.org)
The protein encoded by this gene contains two FH domains and belongs to a novel FH protein subfamily implicated in cell polarity. (utsouthwestern.edu)
This protein also promotes the nucleation and elongation of new actin filaments and regulates cell growth through the stabilization of microtubules. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Referenced in part on Cell Signaling Technology Website, Reference Section on Protein Domains. (mshri.on.ca)

At the core of AJs, cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion through Ca 2+ -dependent homophilic interactions between their extracellular domains. (rupress.org)
Cell adhesion and individual cell motility play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts, polarity, and renal filtration. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify the consequences of hantavirus infection, we analyzed adhesion and motility capacity of human renal cells infected with hantaviruses PUUV or HTNV. (biomedcentral.com)
It is organised according to the cellular polarity and controls the position of the cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, and all associated molecules within the cells. (ox.ac.uk)
When cells migrate, dynamic re-organisation of filamentous actin and microtubules are essential as all adhesion molecules and proteolytic enzymes need to be positioned at the right place at the right time, according to the cell shape [1]. (ox.ac.uk)
The loss of Rasa3 and Sipa1 in T cells induced spontaneous Rap1 activation and adhesion. (bvsalud.org)
We quantitatively measured cell polarity and revealed critical roles performed by integrin activator Rap1 in this process, independent of substrate adhesion. (bvsalud.org)
This was associated with dysregulation of cues from the ECM which is indicated by increased cell-cell and cell-ECM signaling through β1-integrin focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and RhoA. (healthweeks.com)
The adhesion molecules involved in this so-called T-cell rosetting are important components of the immunological synapse (IS). (ashpublications.org)
Adhesion molecule pairs, such as CD2-CD58 and CD11a-CD54, induce a transient adhesion of T cells to APCs, after which the T-cell receptor (TCR) scans the cell surface for antigens presented in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. (ashpublications.org)
We are testing a new hypothesis that nucleation of cytoskeletal actin originates with the adhesion site - somewhat at odds with currently accepted models. (upstate.edu)
PHENOTYPE: Homozygotes for a gene trap allele show reduced fetal size, partial embryonic and neonatal lethality, altered cytoskeletal structure, cardiac defects including ventricular noncompaction, double outlet right ventricles and ventricular septal defects, and impaired cell adhesion and wound healing. (utsouthwestern.edu)

We also now show that tyrosine phosphorylation/activation of GSK3 by ZAK2 and ZAK1 separately regulate GSK3 in distinct differentiated cell populations, and that ZAK2 acts in both autonomous and non-autonomous pathways to regulate these cell-type differentiations. (biologists.com)
We conclude that PDLIM2 appearance is vital for feedback legislation from the β1-integrin-RhoA signalling axis and integration of mobile microenvironment indicators with gene appearance to regulate the polarity of breasts epithelial acini buildings. (healthweeks.com)

These deviations from the length-dependent spindle positioning mechanism are usually due to local alteration of microtubule-associated forces by polarity domains. (elifesciences.org)
Note how microtubules can grow into the polarized region but rapidly shrink back, creating a microtubule-depleted zone within the plant cell. (stanford.edu)
The most reproducible and accurate method of determining the amount of microtubule content versus free-tubulin content in a cell population is to use western blot quantitation of microtubule and free-tubulin cellular fractions. (cytoskeleton.com)
The general approach is to homogenize cells in microtubule stabilization buffer, followed by centrifugation to separate the microtubules from free-tubulin pool. (cytoskeleton.com)

Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations in genes with less extreme phenotypes may result in impaired cell movement and cell shape changes, hampering or preventing embryonic dorsal closure and head involution ( Rios-Barrera & Riesgo-Escovar, 2013 ). (peerj.com)

The diversity of cell morphologies arises, in part, through regulation of cell polarity by Rho-family GTPases. (duke.edu)
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)

The GTPase Cdc42 was among the original genes identified with roles in cell polarity, and interest in its cellular roles from yeast to humans remains high. (rupress.org)
But both daughter cells require specific and different cellular materials to fulfill their destinies. (stanford.edu)
Asymmetric cell divisions, in which cellular components, such as existing adherens junctions, are distributed unequally to daughter cells can result in one daughter cell leaving the epithelium. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, symmetric divisions in epithelia divide cellular components equally, and usually results in both daughter cells remaining in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Our findings are consistent with Desmethyldoxepin HCl an essential function for PDLIM2 in integrating cellular microenvironment signals with gene expression to control differentiation and polarity of breast epithelium. (healthweeks.com)
Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.org)

Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)
The Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium provides an appropriate model system for studying the potential role of electrochemical signals, like intracellular pH (pH i ) and membrane potential (V mem ), during development. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data show that in the Drosophila follicle-cell epithelium stage-specific pH i - and V mem -gradients develop which result from the activity of several ion-transport mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Not only the number of migrating cancer cells determines the risk for metastasis but also their characteristics, scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) have now reported. (dkfz.de)
Furthermore, the scientists also found that the number of freely circulating tumor cells exhibiting this special polarity correlates with the risk of developing metastasis, both in human tumor cell lines and in mice. (dkfz.de)
Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
Stony Brook University Cancer Center and the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology will hold a one-day symposium, "Cancer Stem Cells, Differentiation, and Metastasis," on Tuesday, April 27. (stonybrook.edu)
For more information about "Cancer Stem Cells, Differentiation and Metastasis" call 632-8800. (stonybrook.edu)

A poorly understood but fundamental question concerns the regulatory mechanisms by which different cells generate different numbers of polarity sites. (duke.edu)
Including discussions of the molecular basis of polarization mechanisms, asymmetric division of stem cells during development, the generation of left-right asymmetry of the body axis in mammals, and theoretical approaches to symmetry breaking, the volume is a vital reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as physical scientists interested in how and why symmetry breaking occurs in living systems. (cshlpress.com)
However, the underlying mechanisms and effects of hantavirus infection on human renal cells have not been investigated so far. (biomedcentral.com)
We aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying drug-induced cholestasis and improve its early detection using human HepaRG cells and a set of 12 cholestatic drugs and six noncholestatic drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
Previously, we generated humanized mice via the intra-bone marrow injection of CD133+ cord blood cells into irradiated adult immunodeficient mice (IBMI-huNSG mice), which could mount functional immune responses against HTLV-1, although the underlying mechanisms were still unknown. (bvsalud.org)
In our research studies we investigate patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to retinal organoids, to determine underlying disease mechanisms and test new genetic therapies. (cmrijeansforgenes.org.au)
Written and edited by experts in the field, Cell Polarity, from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.org)
Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). (cshlpress.org)
Thus, these organisms are of a huge industrial and medical importance, and an improved understanding of their biology, growth habits, regulatory mechanisms, and cell differentiation will greatly facilitate the exploration of streptomycetes in various industrial and biotechnological applications. (lu.se)

Here, we show that cell geometry and polarity domains cooperate, rather than compete, in positioning the cleavage plane during UCDs in early ascidian embryos. (elifesciences.org)
or embryos ( Minc and Piel, 2012 ) and is the result of spindle alignment with the longest axis of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
All molecules are properly localized to the apical domains of cells in the leading region of the pLLp, including pLLps in embryos treated with Fgfr or MAPKK inhibitors (2-hour treatment, 28-30 hpf). (zfin.org)
Embryos with strongly disrupted apico-basal polarity do not develop, and result in lethal mutant phenotypes where only small pieces of cuticle are synthesized. (peerj.com)

Depending on the level of cell shape anisotropy or the strength of the polarity domain, one dominates the other and determines the orientation of the spindle. (elifesciences.org)
We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
By systematically varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries and position. (elifesciences.org)
Their findings provide a new perspective on the roles of cell polarity and shape in the control of spindle positioning, and are of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization can drive cell shape change, formation of filopodia, or organelle motility. (rupress.org)
Towards the right: Phragmoplast enlarges in a donut-shape towards the outside of the cell, leaving behind mature cell plate in the center. (sciforums.com)
Cell polarization is essential during gastrulation, driving asymmetric cell division, cell movements, and cell shape changes. (nature.com)
The morphogenetic movements of gastrulation rearrange the three germ layers precursors, positioning mesodermal cells between outer ectodermal and inner endodermal cells to shape the head-to-tail body axis. (nature.com)
In order to break the initial "egg shape" of the embryo, cells need to polarize in a precise and coordinated manner. (nature.com)
Cell polarity controls orientated cell division, cell shape changes, as well as cell movement. (nature.com)
Some key findings illustrated by the mutations isolated are the importance of epithelia, epithelial polarization and movement, and changes in cell shape ( Knust, 2003 ). (peerj.com)
Epithelial cells that undergo concerted movements and changes in shape become polarized first ( Müller, 2003 ). (peerj.com)
The wider question that we want to understand is how molecules of a cell govern such essential and complex functions like cell division, cell polarity, determination of cell shape, and cell differentiation. (lu.se)

Single cell transcriptomic studies in retinal organoids are used to interrogate pathways affected in these retinal conditions. (cmrijeansforgenes.org.au)

When T-cells communicate with antigen-presenting cells by forming immune synapses, all molecules need to be organised by targeted transport of molecules to the synapse along microtubules [2]. (ox.ac.uk)
D , H , L , P , T ) Quantification of recruitment of polarity/cytoskeletal molecules to the apical domains of pLLp cells, showing the percentage of pLLp cells that do not display apically localized Par3-TagRFP, γ-tubulin, F-actin, Myosin II or Cadherin 2. (zfin.org)
5-7 These molecules are important components of the immunological synapse (IS), which enables antigen-dependent communication between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (ashpublications.org)
The knowledge about essential cell functions in bacteria and the experimental systems that we develop can be used to find new targets for antibiotics and to screen for molecules that can work as antibiotics. (lu.se)

Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. (rupress.org)
how cytoskeletal elements position centrosomes, nucleus, the division plane and stored mRNAs in these exceptionally large cells, and how this leads to the establishment of the primary animal-vegetal polarity. (uni-goettingen.de)

instead, our findings strongly suggest that Pins planar polarity and force generated from mesoderm invagination are important. (elifesciences.org)

Phragmoplast and cell plate formation in a plant cell during cytokinesis. (sciforums.com)
The cell plate will transform into the new cell wall once cytokinesis is complete. (sciforums.com)

How do rapid intracellular movements contribute to cell polarity? (nimbios.org)

The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
However, it is unknown whether this synapse is fully assembled and leads to T-cell activation by enabling interaction between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II). (ashpublications.org)

These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues. (rupress.org)
AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
In breasts cancers cells overexpression of PDLIM2 reduces anchorage-independent development and decreases tumor development development of glandular epithelium needs specific basolateral and apicolateral polarity from the epithelial cells and a coordinated stability of reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis inside the structures allowing hollow lumen development [19-22]. (healthweeks.com)

MMiMo will bring together experts from cell biology as well as mathematics, statistics, computational science and physics to discuss current approaches and possible alternatives. (nimbios.org)
Highlighting the agenda are two world-renowned cancer researchers, Michael Clarke , Associate Director of the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine, and Joan Massagué , Chair of the Cancer Biology and Genetics Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center . (stonybrook.edu)
Our faculty work on many exciting problems that span the discplines of cell biology, development, and physiology. (rpi.edu)
1994-1996 at Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas in Madrid where I worked on bacterial cell division, and 1996-1998 at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK, working on Streptomyces developmental biology. (lu.se)
The main focus of my research is on cell and developmental biology of bacteria. (lu.se)
For a researcher armed with the powerful tools of genetics and molecular biology, the simple bacterial cells provide great experimental systems for investigating fundamental functions of a living cell. (lu.se)

Nearly twenty years ago Cdc42 was recognized as an essential link between polarity cues and the machinery that generates cell polarity ( Bender and Pringle, 1989 ). (rupress.org)
These gradients are supposed to represent important bioelectrical cues during oogenesis, e.g., by serving as electrochemical prepatterns in modifying cell polarity and cytoskeletal organisation. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent advances in live cell microscopy have resulted in a flood of time-lapse observations that reveal a high degree of motility inside cells. (nimbios.org)

Central to the integrated function of multicellular organisms is cell contact mediated signaling and the spatial organizations of specialized membrane-surface domains. (yale.edu)

chem mutations genetically interact with mutations in cytoskeletal genes ( arm ) and with mutations in the epithelial polarity genes coracle, crumbs, and yurt . (peerj.com)

Metastatic tumors, the dreaded "daughter tumors", form when cancer cells break away from a tumor and migrate via the lymph and the bloodstream in order to finally settle at some distant site in the body. (dkfz.de)
Some patients display high quantities of circulating tumor cells and have no or only a few metastatic sites while in others who suffer from many metastases, hardly any migrating tumor cells can be found," said Mathias Heikenw lder from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) in Heidelberg. (dkfz.de)
Subsequently, the pole is shifted to the side facing the attachment site and the tumor cell migrates through the endothelial layer into the tissue. (dkfz.de)
Clarke was the first person to identify cancer stem cells in a solid tumor (breast cancer) and investigates cancer stem cells in relation to disease. (stonybrook.edu)
Hodgkin tumor cells extensively interact with rosetting CD4 + T cells by immunological synapse formation involving HLA class II and CD58. (ashpublications.org)
A unique feature of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the presence of CD4 + T cells that surround, protect, and promote survival of tumor cells. (ashpublications.org)
A unique Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) characteristic is the tight adherence of rosetting CD4 + T cells to Hodgkin tumor cells. (ashpublications.org)
1,2 Rosetting T cells are extremely important for tumor cell survival. (ashpublications.org)

A key regulator of cytoskeletal architecture, the small GTPase Rho, is activated during development by Wnt/Fz signaling to control cell polarity and movement. (utsouthwestern.edu)

The role of this molecule will be examined in various cell types, including T-cells, myeloid cells and cancer cells, and investigate the roles of this molecule in T-cell functions, myeloid cell function and cancer invasion. (ox.ac.uk)

In parallel studies we are seeking to understand the molecular basis of diseases arising from aberrant cytoskeletal function. (yale.edu)
These cells displayed an aberrant mitotic spindle with disorganized, tangle-shaped microtubules and reduced aster formation, which however did not alter appreciably the rate of cell proliferation. (tbcdfoundation.org)

Nonetheless it is still not really understood how indicators through the Desmethyldoxepin HCl mobile microenvironment are integrated with legislation of gene appearance in regular epithelium weighed against transformed or intrusive cancers cells. (healthweeks.com)

In addition, we show that these alleles genetically interact with epithelial polarity genes, and have epithelial polarity defects. (peerj.com)

Driven by the intrigue of the origin of these cells, the authors of the study employed an array of molecular techniques and computational models to understand how placozoan cell types evolved and piece together how our ancient ancestors might have looked and functioned. (sciforums.com)
This project provides a great opportunity to learn various molecular cell biological techniques, including genome editing, gene silencing and cutting-edge live cell imaging techniques. (ox.ac.uk)
Which quantitative differences exist between organelle movements that rely on different cytoskeletal tracks or that employ different molecular motors? (nimbios.org)

To study the effects of physical alterations of environment on the ratio of Tubulin to Microtubules in cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
Alterations of bioelectrical properties of cells and tissues are known to function as wide-ranging signals during development, regeneration and wound-healing in several species. (biomedcentral.com)

Ralf Heinrich is interested in apoptosis and pharmacological intervention with apoptotic processes to support cell survival, functionality and regeneration. (uni-goettingen.de)
In some cases, these models were successfully applied to cell biological data sets, but the full potential of a rigorous mathematical approach that can be employed across a wide range of biological processes has not been realized. (nimbios.org)
This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. (cshlpress.org)
The model organisms that we use, Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Streptomyces , provide unique possibilities to study some of these fundamental functions, and show several intriguing parallels to the corresponding processes in eukaryotic cells. (lu.se)

Until now, interaction of APC with the third cytoskeletal element, intermediate filaments, has remained unexamined. (ku.edu)
The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
Actin filaments are also possibly involved in guiding the phragmoplast to the site of the former preprophase band location at the parent cell wall. (sciforums.com)
However, the mechanism of coordination of these cytoskeletal filaments is not understood. (ox.ac.uk)

In Dictyostelium , the interaction of secreted cAMP with specific cell surface receptors regulates the activation/de-activation of GSK3, which mediates developmental cell patterning. (biologists.com)

In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
Human renal epithelial cells (HREpCs) (PromoCell) were cultured in renal epithelial cell growth medium-2 (PromoCell). (biomedcentral.com)

Theoretical analyses predicted that competition would slow dramatically as GTPase concentrations at different polarity sites increase toward a 'saturation point', allowing polarity sites to coexist. (duke.edu)
With focus on invertebrate evolution, ontogenetic analyses of marine larvae and evolutionary questions related to the origin of organ systems and cell types, he is culturing and investigating several marine invertebrate species - a vast majority of them Annelida. (uni-goettingen.de)
Analyses of polarity and cytoskeletal recruitment in the pLLp. (zfin.org)

In addition, Dictyostelium cells polarize in response to extracellular cAMP, although a potential role for GSK3 in this pathway has not been investigated. (biologists.com)

Recently it has been recognized that integrin receptors not only provide a physical link between cells and substrates, but also transduce signals to the cell which affect cell behavior. (upstate.edu)

For circulating cancer cells to be able to invade tissues and settle at other sites in the body, they have to exhibit a specific polarity. (dkfz.de)
Moreover, in multicellular organisms, symmetry breaking allows the generation of cells with different fates and underpins the complex arrangement of tissues and organs achieved during embryogenesis. (cshlpress.com)
Her specific aim is to shed light onto the contribution of the cell division patterns and the differentiation path of a cell to the formation of the spiralian cell types and tissues. (uni-goettingen.de)

Understanding how stem cells divide in animals has been important for understanding various human diseases and has impacted translational medicines," said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
I have a similar hope that improving our understanding of how stem cells divide in plants might inform engineering applications in the future. (stanford.edu)
Polarity complexes help dividing leaf stem cells orient themselves. (stanford.edu)
A better understanding of how and why cancer spreads, and how cancer stem cells play a role in the process is paramount in advancing cancer research and may be used to develop better treatments," said Michael J. Hayman , Associate Director for Research at SBU Cancer Center. (stonybrook.edu)
He will discuss "Stem Cells and Cancer, Two Faces of Self Renewal. (stonybrook.edu)

chem mutants dorsal open defects are similar to those present in yurt mutants, and, likewise, they have epithelial polarity defects. (peerj.com)

J Cell Biol (2004) 167 (1): 135-147. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2008) 183 (6): 971-974. (rupress.org)
J. Cell Biol. (upstate.edu)

Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. (elifesciences.org)

Whether and how such competition is also at work to determine unequal cell division (UCD), producing daughter cells of different size, remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, whether and how cell geometry and polarity domains compete with each other not only to determine the orientation but also the centering of the mitotic spindle leading to equal or unequal cell divisions (UCDs) remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)

During gastrulation the absence of AJs results in widespread cell dissociation and depolarization. (rupress.org)
The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation and disrupts dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. (nature.com)
At the beginning of Xenopus gastrulation, the presumptive anterior mesoderm cells located at the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) roll inward at the midline of the blastopore lip in a process called involution. (nature.com)
Gastrulation movements are orchestrated by a small, heterogeneous group of cells with inductive and morphogenetic properties located in the dorsal lip of the blastopore (DBL) of the amphibian gastrula known as the Spemann-Mangold organizer or dorsal organizer. (nature.com)
The process of gastrulation is linked to determination of mesodermal cell fates, such that patterning of tissue fates and patterning of cell behavior are interconnected. (nature.com)

More than 80% of oral cancers are histologically squamous cell carcinomas, among which tongue cancer is most predominant. (omicsonline.org)

These findings provide insight into how cells with diverse morphologies may determine the number of polarity sites. (duke.edu)

They are required for cell division, development, and movement in all organisms from single-celled species to human beings. (cshlpress.com)
We are also applying advanced microscopy, which in recent years has revolutionized the understanding of prokaryotic cells and visualized the remarkable degree of three-dimensional organization, complexity, and beauty of these deceivingly simple organisms. (lu.se)

In conclusion, T-cell rosetting in HL is established by formation of the IS, and activation of rosetting T cells critically depends on the interaction of both TCR-HLA-II and CD2-CD58. (ashpublications.org)

Significantly inhibition of either FAK or Rho Kinase (Rock and roll) was enough to recovery the polarity defect. (healthweeks.com)

Anatomy54

Organisms18

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Proteins21

Cytoskeleton9

Morphogenesis5

Dynamics7

Migration8

Protein13

Adhesion12

Regulate2

Microtubule4

Embryonic2

Regulation2

Cellular6

Drosophila6

Metastasis5

Mechanisms9

Embryos4

Shape14

Pathways1

Molecules4

Establishment2

Planar polarity1

Cytokinesis2

Intracellular1

Receptor2

Basolateral4

Biology6

Cues2

Motility1

Membrane1

Crumbs1

Tumor8

Signaling1

Roles1

Aberrant2

Epithelium1

Genes1

Molecular3

Alterations2

Processes4

Filaments4

Surface receptors1

Epithelial cell2

Analyses3

Pathway1

Integrin1

Tissues3

Stem cells5

Defects1

Biol3

Overexpression1

Remains unclear2

Gastrulation6

Cancers1

Findings1

Organisms2

Depends1

Defect1