• A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is still not known which RBPs or adaptor proteins are essential to recruit microtubule-binding motor proteins to mRNPs and to which extend this varies between different transported mRNAs. (europa.eu)
  • The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by various cytoplasmic proteins in order to assure quality control. (novusbio.com)
  • The 33-residue LIS1 homology (LisH) motif is found in eukaryotic intracellular proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, cell migration, nucleokinesis and chromosome segregation. (embl.de)
  • Microtubules serve as a rail on which motor proteins, such as kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins, convey their cargoes. (embl.de)
  • They are responsible for the mechanical strength of the cell and connect cytoplasmic and transmembrane proteins. (ptglab.com)
  • May be required for sorting endosomal resident proteins into late multivesicular endosomes by a mechanism involving microtubules. (lu.se)
  • Several microtubule-associated molecular motors including several kinesins and cytoplasmic dynein produce opposing forces that regulate spindle and chromosome positioning during mitosis. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • mRNAs are transported along microtubules (MTs) by different kinesins and cytoplasmic dynein and get anchored at the actin cortex, intermediate filaments or unknown structures (1, 3). (europa.eu)
  • Analysis revealed a non-sense mutation in cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (dync1h1), a critical subunit in Dynein1, to underlie the cannonball phenotypes. (nih.gov)
  • It is suggested that LisH motifs contribute to the regulation of microtubule dynamics, either by mediating dimerisation, or else by binding cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain or microtubules directly. (embl.de)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
  • NMR resonance assignment and structure prediction of the C-terminal domain of the microtubule end-binding protein 3. (nih.gov)
  • Dynein1 is a large minus-end directed, microtubule motor protein complex that has been implicated in multiple, essential cellular processes. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Protein synthesis and the production of microtubules occurs during G2 phase, which is then followed by mitosis. (novusbio.com)
  • Here, we report that a human ortholog of Sir2p, sirtuin type 2 (SIRT2), is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein that colocalizes with microtubules. (nih.gov)
  • it connects the surface of a centriole to a protein complex called the 'gamma-tubulin ring complex', which initiates the growth of microtubules. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • transport is driven by the microtubule motor protein cytoplasmic dynein, with motor activity regulated by a sequential series of adaptors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Many seminal discoveries have been published in the journal, including the first descriptions of numerous cellular functions and structures, such as the secretory pathway, mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA, microtubules, intermediate filaments, tight junctions (including occludins and claudins), adherens junctions, and cadherins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we show that the benA33 mutation increases the stability of cytoplasmic MTs as well as spindle MTs and that the tubA1 and tubA4 mutations destabilize both spindle and cytoplasmic MTs. (rupress.org)
  • Microfilaments often occur in abundance immediately beneath the plasma membrane , and play a role in cell motility, cytokinesis , and cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • They are also involved in the transport of materials within the cell, and in the peripheral flow of cytoplasm and cell organelles known as cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein behaviour and microtubule organization bymammalian Lis1. (embl.de)
  • Here we study the extent and the characteristics of self-organization using microtubules and molecular motors 2 as a model system. (sciforums.com)
  • cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins , which are also called ciliary or flagellar dyneins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The axonemal microtubules run along the entire length of the cell and emerge from the posterior end forming a tuft of three or more free flagella, The rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi complex are involved in the production of secretory granules, some of which are later released by exocytosis. (applesnail.net)
  • The transmembrane and cytoplasmic parts are not conserved across the selectins being responsible for their targeting to different compartments. (pearltrees.com)
  • Here we showthat Lis1 is enriched in neurons relative to levels in other cell types,and that Lis1 interacts with the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.Production of more Lis1 in non-neuronal cells increases retrogrademovement of cytoplasmic dynein and leads to peripheral accumulation ofmicrotubules. (embl.de)
  • These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
  • During this period, nuclear and cytoplasmic division occurs, concluding with cyotkenesis. (novusbio.com)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynein pulls the microtubules and chromosomes to one end of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantum mechanical aspects of cell microtubules: science fiction or realistic possibility? (sciforums.com)
  • Prompted by these experimental results, in this talk I remind the audience of a related topic proposed several years ago in connection with the possible role of quantum mechanics and/or field theory on dissipation-free energy transfer in microtubules (MT), which constitute fundamental cell substructures. (sciforums.com)
  • Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Context and state of the art mRNA transport in general: Cytoplasmic mRNA transport and local translation are essential for many processes requiring symmetry breaking such as embryonic development, cell migration and neuronal differentiation (1). (europa.eu)
  • While it is clear, that RNA distribution patterns in neurons are created by active transport processes of mRNPs along microtubules, the essential enzymatic activities required are not known. (europa.eu)
  • 2013. Plk1-dependent microtubule dynamics promotes androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer. (purdue.edu)
  • This pair of centrioles is usually located at the middle of an animal cell's 'centrosome,' the structure that serves as the origin of many of its cytoplasmic microtubules. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Microtubules grow from an apparently amorphous matrix called the 'pericentriolar material' (PCM) that surrounds one of the centrioles. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein regulates its attachment to microtubules via nucleotide state-switched mechanosensing at multiple AAA domains. (mpg.de)
  • The association of huntingtin with the cytoplasmic surface of a variety of organelles, including transport vesicles, synaptic vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria, raises the possibility of the occurrence of normal cellular interactions that might be relevant to neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)
  • Interphase cells exhibited an extensive network of cytoplasmic MTs. (rupress.org)
  • Shown is the order of regions of interest for human cytoplasmic dynein 2 motor domains as they occur from the linker to C-terminal. (wikipedia.org)
  • How does the cytoplasmic microtubule-based motor dynein move? (biosyn.com)
  • Her laboratory focuses on the motor cytoplasmic dynein and its activator complex dynactin. (nih.gov)
  • used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
  • The cycle is mediated by dynein arms from the A subunit that attach to the B subunit of the adjacent microtubule. (medscape.com)
  • Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
  • Frameshift mutation of MAPRE3, a microtubule-related gene, in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. (nih.gov)
  • I have seen about five different descriptions of microtubules and their functions, but each study uses a different made-up name as if they were the first to discover the organelle. (sciforums.com)
  • Unlike microtubules, IFs distribution in cells show no good correlation with the distribution of either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. (pearltrees.com)
  • Schwann cells form a thin cytoplasmic tube around each fiber and further wrap larger fibers in a multilayered insulating membrane (myelin sheath). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dr. Holzbaur is interested in the mechanisms of microtubule-based motility. (nih.gov)
  • We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since the first discovery of cytoplasmic mRNA transport almost three decades ago, several essential questions could not be answered mostly due to the complexity of the in vivo situation and the approaches available. (europa.eu)
  • Before we can understand how overall distributions of thousands of mRNA are generated, we first need to understand how any specific mRNA can be transported along microtubules - a question unanswered since the first MT based mRNA transport was observed more than 2 decades ago. (europa.eu)
  • I just ran across a very interesting paper about quantum function in the organism's microtubule network. (sciforums.com)
  • Using energy provided by molecules called ATP, the dynein-dynactin complex moves material along a track-like system of small tubes called microtubules, similar to a conveyer belt. (medlineplus.gov)