Isocitrate dehydrogenaseMitochondrialLactate dehydrogenaseGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dCitrateProteinNADPSemialdehydeProteinsLipidsEncoded by this geneSolubleReductaseMitochondriaAssaysGlycerolPeroxisomalIntegrityEscherichiaGeneLiverBiochemicalAcidElectronCellProductionFoundActivityComplexLevelsFamilyHighlyMethodsExpressionEntriesPatientsValues
Isocitrate dehydrogenase6
- The serum isocitrate dehydrogenase was extremely sensitive in detecting liver cell damage, even at a subclinical level, and was comparable and perhaps slightly superior to the serum transaminases in this respect, while all three enzymes were very much more sensitive than other conventional tests of liver function. (gla.ac.uk)
- In chronic liver damage, variable values for serum isocitrate dehydrogenase were found, with only small to moderate increases which could not be related to the clinical state of the patient. (gla.ac.uk)
- The protein encoded by this gene is the NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase found in the cytoplasm and peroxisomes. (thermofisher.com)
- Upon LPS stimulation, the expression of key TCA enzymes, including citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2, and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, whereas the levels of LC3b and ROS increased. (nature.com)
- Citrate synthase (CS), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), and malic dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) are key enzymes in the TCA cycle. (nature.com)
- In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
Mitochondrial7
- Among the enzyme-based assays, the MTT assay is the best known for determining mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities in living cells. (dojindo.com)
- Dehydrogenase-based assays reflect cell conditions with more sensitivity than the other assays because they depend on several elements including dehydrogenases, NAD(H), NADP(H), and mitochondrial activity. (dojindo.com)
- The CCK-8 assay involves most of the dehydrogenase in a cell, while MTT only involves mitochondrial dehydrogenase. (dojindo.com)
- Five isocitrate dehydrogenases have been reported: three NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, which localize to the mitochondrial matrix, and two NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, one of which is mitochondrial and the other predominantly cytosolic. (thermofisher.com)
- The catalytic activities of some mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzymes were measured in plasma from 19 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation, in order to detect and monitor the evolution of hepatocellular damage and to predict liver rejection. (unicatt.it)
- The enzymatic activities determined were: mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. (unicatt.it)
- The proposed NI consists of percent ratio of the normalized mitochondrial enzymatic activities over the sum of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial normalized activities. (unicatt.it)
Lactate dehydrogenase4
- In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc. (cdc.gov)
- Cellular enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenylate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are also used as cell death markers, and there are several such products available on the market. (dojindo.com)
- only lactate dehydrogenase does not lose its activity during cell death assays. (dojindo.com)
- Cytotoxicity LDH Assay Kit-WST is used for cytotoxicity determination by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released. (dojindo.com)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d1
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Citrate2
- In Part 1, the activity of the enzyme, is citrate dehydrogenase, in serum of patients with diseases involving the liver or biliary tract, was studied and compared with established biochemical tests of liver function, in order to assess its application to the differential diagnosis of jaundice. (gla.ac.uk)
- Comparative Study Of Combined Co - Enzyme Q10 And Clomiphene Citrate Vs Clomiphene Citrate Alone For Ovulation Induction In. (lookformedical.com)
Protein7
- Its stability and multiple sites of reactivity (carbon-carbon double bond, hydroxyl group, and carbonyl) make 4HNE a potent inhibitor of cellular growth, enzyme activities, calcium sequestration, and protein synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of them are the protein-coding genes for RNA polymerase subunits, ribosomal proteins, enzymes of lipid metabolism, and many other enzymes. (blogspot.com)
- Expression levels of key TCA cycle enzymes and the autophagy-related protein light chain 3b (LC3b) were determined in raw 264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and metformin (Met). (nature.com)
- High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
- protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
NADP1
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH3A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Semialdehyde1
- Allysine will be degraded to form aminoadipic acid through alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
Proteins1
- Autophagy is one of the major digestive processes in cells and plays a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis through delivering cytoplasmic materials, such as lipids, proteins, and organelles to lysosomes, for degradation 13 . (nature.com)
Lipids1
- FAD is probably a tightly but non-covalently bound prosthetic group, and the enzyme is activated by lipids. (rhea-db.org)
Encoded by this gene1
- The enzyme encoded by this gene forms a cytoplasmic homodimer that preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. (wikipedia.org)
Soluble3
- Biopsy specimens of cervical carcinoma wore obtained and fractionated by homogenisation and differential centrifugation into three cytoplasmic fractions - mitochondria, miorosomes and soluble supernatant. (gla.ac.uk)
- Xneroasee in p-glucurenldase activity were mainly in the soluble supernatant fraction and not in particle enzyme even though tho enoyme had previously boon doocribod no located mainly within cytoplasmic particles. (gla.ac.uk)
- En outre, il y avait une aug- mentation significative de la forme soluble du c-kit dans le sérum des patients atteints de pemphigus vulgaire actif par rapport aux témoins. (who.int)
Reductase1
- It targets a respiratory enzyme, Quinol-Fumarate Reductase (1l0v), with the highest binding affinities. (nature.com)
Mitochondria2
- In the mitochondria of the cell, sterol 26-hydroxylase converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane to 3a,7a,26-trihydroxy-5b-cholestane, which is then converted to 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al by the same enzyme used in the previous reaction. (smpdb.ca)
- These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
Assays1
- Therefore, cell death assays based on LDH activity are more reliable than other enzyme-based cell death assays. (dojindo.com)
Glycerol2
- Glycerol 3-phosphate is produced from glycerol, the triose sugar backbone of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (hmdb.ca)
- Glycerol 3-phospate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (hmdb.ca)
Peroxisomal3
- The presence of this enzyme in peroxisomes suggests roles in the regeneration of NADPH for intraperoxisomal reductions, such as the conversion of 2, 4-dienoyl-CoAs to 3-enoyl-CoAs, as well as in peroxisomal reactions that consume 2-oxoglutarate, namely the alpha-hydroxylation of phytanic acid. (thermofisher.com)
- With the help of water, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 turns 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA into 3a,7a,24-trihydoxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
- This compound then uses peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 to create chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Integrity1
- Unique interactions between the cofactor and the Rossmann fold facilitate an isomerization of the enzyme that releases the cofactor while maintaining the integrity of the active site. (wikipedia.org)
Escherichia1
- Functions of the membrane-associated and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenases in the citric acid cycle of Escherichia coli. (rhea-db.org)
Gene1
- The nucleotide sequence of the mqo gene was determined and is the first sequence known for this enzyme. (rhea-db.org)
Liver5
- The enzyme results were significantly correlated with the transaminase results, but not with the other liver function tests. (gla.ac.uk)
- In obstructive jaundice, the enzyme was elevated in the serum of over 50% of the cases, and particularly high values were associated with secondary involvement of the liver in malignant oases, and acute inflammation of the biliary tract in benign obstructive jaundice. (gla.ac.uk)
- However, it was an easily estimated enzyme, very sensitive for detecting and assessing acute damage to liver cells, and could be a useful adjunct or alternative to the serum transaminasess Part R involved the study of the enzyme, p-glucuronidase, in various biological material taken from patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri. (gla.ac.uk)
- This pathway occurs in the liver, beginning with cholesterol being converted to 7a-hydroxycholesterol through the enzyme cholesterol-7-alpha-monooxygenase, after being transported into the liver cell. (smpdb.ca)
- The first, continuing in the liver, uses the enzyme 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid-4-deydrogenase to become 7a-hydroxy-5b-cholestan-3-one. (smpdb.ca)
Biochemical2
- The thesis consists of two separate studies on two enzymes which have potentially useful applications in the biochemical study of various human diseases. (gla.ac.uk)
- Biochemical and genetic characterization of the membrane-associated malate dehydrogenase (acceptor) from Corynebacterium glutamicum. (rhea-db.org)
Acid4
- The activated water then attacks the thioester enzyme-substrate complex in nucleophilic reaction that regenerates the free enzyme, and releases the corresponding carboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme is used another time, to create 3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid. (smpdb.ca)
- D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the main enzymes that metabolize D-Amino acids via deamination. (smpdb.ca)
- This enzyme also takes part in the citric acid cycle. (rhea-db.org)
Electron1
- Co - enzyme Q10 is part of the electron transport system, involved in energy production within the nucleus of all body cells. (lookformedical.com)
Cell3
- They are based on various cell functions such as enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability, cell adherence, ATP production, co-enzyme production, and nucleotide uptake activity. (dojindo.com)
- LDH is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme found in all types of cells and is released into the cell culture medium when the plasma membrane is damaged. (dojindo.com)
- Co - enzyme Q10 is present in every cell. (lookformedical.com)
Production2
- The cytoplasmic enzyme serves a significant role in cytoplasmic NADPH production. (thermofisher.com)
- This enzyme catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis, the biological production of methane . (lookformedical.com)
Found1
- It was concluded that the enzyme did not offer great advantages in the differential diagnosis of jaundice due to the abnormal values which may be found in obstructive jaundice. (gla.ac.uk)
Activity5
- Those coincided with large increases in activity of two other enzymes used in the diagnosis of acute hepatic damage - serum giutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. (gla.ac.uk)
- There was no correlation with the enzyme activity and dearie of malignancy of the cervical lesion. (gla.ac.uk)
- There was not a uniform change in enzyme activity following radiation duo to larao unexplained increases and decreases being observed. (gla.ac.uk)
- Pronounced increase in excretion of the enzyme following radium treatment wove obaorvod in the majority of patients studied and the pattern of 0.61ucuronidaso excretion could be related to the enzyme activity of the tissue being irradiated. (gla.ac.uk)
- There was also increase in p-glucuronidase activity of the serum in these patients, and the results indicated that radiation of the lesion caused mobilisation or the enzyme into the patient circulation, which was then cleared by the kidneys into the urine. (gla.ac.uk)
Complex1
- The enzyme requires the hydroporphinoid nickel complex coenzyme F430. (lookformedical.com)
Levels2
- However, treatment with Met inhibited the reduction of LPS-induced enzyme levels as well as the elevation of LC3b and ROS levels. (nature.com)
- The mutant possesses normal levels of cytoplasmic NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase. (rhea-db.org)
Family2
- The catalytic residue-Cys244-is located on an active site that contains a Rossmann fold that binds the enzyme's cofactor, NAD(P)+. ALDH3A1's catalytic mechanism mirrors that of other enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (wikipedia.org)
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family, Iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Highly1
- In addition to a cytoplasmic, NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses a highly active membrane-associated malate dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.16). (rhea-db.org)
Methods1
- Because of this, enzyme-based methods have been gaining more attention. (dojindo.com)
Expression2
- If the expression of these key enzymes is dysregulated, the cell's function is negatively affected. (nature.com)
- The increased expression of enzymes and metabolites are shown in blue. (frontiersin.org)
Entries1
- All ENZYME / UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries corresponding to 2.8.4. (lookformedical.com)
Patients2
- Particular attention was paid to results on patients with obstructive jaundice as previous authors have reached differing conclusions of the ultimate usefulness of this enzyme, due to the equivocal results shown in these cases. (gla.ac.uk)
- Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
Values1
- In these cases, the enzyme was not closely related to serum transaminase values. (gla.ac.uk)