• The 119 amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of LMP2A has several motifs that mediate interactions between proteins, including eight tyrosine residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ligand binding to the four closely related members of this RTK family -epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as ErbB-1 or HER1), ErbB-2 (HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3), and ErbB-4 (HER4)-induces the formation of receptor homo- and heterodimers and the activation of the intrinsic kinase domain, resulting in phosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues (pY) within the cytoplasmic tail. (genome.jp)
  • Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. (joplink.net)
  • Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization, followed by trans-autophosphorylation of dimerized receptors on conserved tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic region. (reactome.org)
  • This histone modification is defined as the addition of an acetyl group to lysine residues of histone proteins by enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and is associated with gene activation and expression. (epigentek.com)
  • For that tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors have to be phosphorylated, hence the receptors are referred to as tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • From the alignment studies, we learned that the RBD sequences lie between the residues 331 and 524 of the S protein 8 . (openaccesspub.org)
  • 1 Insulin receptor functions as an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on intracellular target proteins. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • LMP2A is a transmembrane protein that inhibits normal B-cell signal transduction by mimicking an activated B-cell receptor (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor docking with molecules containing cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases is governed by Phosphorylation of ITAM motifs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. (joplink.net)
  • For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. (joplink.net)
  • Phosphorylated tyrosines in the intracellular domain of the receptor serve as docking sites for adapter proteins, triggering downstream signaling cascades. (reactome.org)
  • This gene product is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a specific subset of cytokine receptor signaling pathways. (arigobio.cn)
  • For example, cell stimulation with erythropoietin (EPO) during erythropoiesis leads to JAK2 autophosphorylation, activation, and its association with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) that becomes phosphorylated in its cytoplasmic domain. (arigobio.cn)
  • The import of proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) requires the NLS import receptor, a heterodimer of importin alpha and beta subunits also known as karyopherins. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • They both are transmembrane proteins with extended cytoplasmic domains containing immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motives (ITAMs), and together with cell surface immunoglobulin they constitute B-cell antigen-specific receptor (BCR). (exbio.cz)
  • The crucial step of receptor binding depends on the closed and open conformations of the S-Protein ectodomain trimer 10 , 11 . (openaccesspub.org)
  • Another fundamental question underlying the mechanism of vesicle fusion at these synapses is the role of SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor) proteins. (tmc.edu)
  • We have previously found that Ang II suppressed podocyte AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via Ang II type 1 receptor and MAPK signaling pathway. (koreamed.org)
  • Syk translocates to the plasma membrane upon B cell antigen receptor (BCR) or the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) triggering, and phosphorylates downstream adaptor proteins, thereby providing docking sites for initiation of subsequent signaling pathways, such as calcium mobilization, cytoskeleton remodeling, or transcription of specific genes. (thermofisher.cn)
  • The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a biological response. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Several intracellular proteins have been identified as phosphorylation substrates for the insulin receptor, the best-studied of which is insulin receptor substrate 1 or IRS-1. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • The juxtamembrane phosphorylation site Tyr960 within the insulin receptor cytoplasmic domain is an essential determinant for the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Anti-Phospho-Insulin Receptor (Tyr960) specifically detects endogenous levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor-beta protein. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • This entry represents the C-terminal region of family 3 GPCR receptor proteins, which contains the seven transmembrane region. (embl.de)
  • The Shc- and/or Grb2-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a common target downstream of all ErbB receptors. (genome.jp)
  • Several cytoplasmic docking proteins appear to be recruited by specific ErbB receptors and less exploited by others. (genome.jp)
  • Crk is mainly composed of Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, which serve as docking sites for signalling proteins, including various receptors, cytoplasmic kinases, and GTPase regulators. (rndsystems.com)
  • Lysine-rich regions in LDL particles are essential for their "docking" at hepatic LDL receptors. (empowerpharmacy.com)
  • The most prominent feature is the presence of conserved signalling motifs containing tyrosine residue, such as Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs), in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptors. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions, including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes. (embl.de)
  • These include the adaptors Crk, Nck, the phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), the intracellular tyrosine kinase Src, or the Cbl E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (genome.jp)
  • RAB proteins function in intracellular vesicle transport by aiding in the docking and/or fusion of vesicles with their target membranes (summary by Chen et al. (innatedb.com)
  • Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
  • for example, H-FABP makes up 3% of the plasmic intracellular LBPs from three different cytoplasmic protein content in rat heart. (lu.se)
  • 5 When IRS-1 is activated by phosphorylation, it serves as a type of docking center for recruitment and activation of other enzymes that ultimately mediate insulin's effects, including activation of PI-3-kinase and MAP kinase pathways. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Upon phosphorylation, STAT3 proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they bind to promoter elements of target genes and modulate their transcription (4). (abwizbio.com)
  • CD79a/b complex interacts with Src-family tyrosine kinase Lyn, which phosphorylates its cytoplasmic ITAM motives to form docking sites for downstream signaling. (exbio.cz)
  • LMP2A/LMP2B are transmembrane proteins that act to block tyrosine kinase signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The N-terminus domain of LMP2A is tyrosine phosphorylated and associates with Src family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) as well as spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, we have discovered that evolutionary conserved SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) interacts with TSN in heat-induced SGs and that SnRK1 activation critically depends on the presence of TSN and formation of SGs. (biorxiv.org)
  • The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status and plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis ( 9 10 11 ). (koreamed.org)
  • p130Cas was initially discovered as a 130 kDa protein which is highly tyrosine phosphorylated in cells expressing p47 v-Crk (C10 regulator of kinase) and p60 v-Src (for sarcoma) oncoproteins ( 16 17 18 ). (koreamed.org)
  • Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), along with ZAP70, are cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that are viewed as potential druge targets for allergic disorders and autoimmune diseases. (thermofisher.cn)
  • At the same time, during the process of Ca2+-dependent ubiquitination and nucleic acid separation, some cytoplasmic proteins and nucleic acids become localized in MVBs [14, 15]. (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • 1994). The initial reaction results in the formation of a reactive intermediate, which gives off hydrochloric acid to form phosgene, which is then free to react with cellular macromolecules (including GSH, proteins, and nucleic acids) or conjugate with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid (Ade et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Crk belongs to a family of adaptor molecules, which link extracellular growth and differentiation stimuli with formation of signal transduction protein complexes. (rndsystems.com)
  • Regulation of mRNA stability and degradation in stress granules (SGs), - cytoplasmic membraneless organelles composed of messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes, - plays an important role in fine-tuning of gene expression. (biorxiv.org)
  • Then, under the regulation of endocytosis-associated proteins and lipid raft complexes, early endosomes transform into late endosomes contained by intraluminal vesicles, i.e., multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • Here we show that in cells depleted of the SRP protein, Ffh or the translocon component SecE, the ribosomal targeting pathway is blocked downstream and unprecedented, membrane-bound FtsY-ribosomal complexes are captured. (rupress.org)
  • Several karyopherins are sequestered in stress granules, cytoplasmic aggregates of ribonucleoprotein complexes, as they avoid shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (prospecbio.com)
  • These mRNP complexes dock on the pore's inner surface, where they are subjected to quality control by the exosome and other surveillance activities. (prospecbio.com)
  • These syntaxin 1 protein complexes may play distinct roles in presynaptic biology. (jneurosci.org)
  • Conventional coimmunoprecipitation (coIP) and pull-down assays were used to test for stable protein complexes. (jneurosci.org)
  • We found that under both normal (in the absence of stress) and stress conditions TSN interactome is enriched in the homologues of known mammalian and yeast SG proteins, in addition to novel or plant-specific SG components. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mammalian cytoplasmic proteins at fresh synthesis have Specific lysine-containing motifs present at carboxyl groups which act as identifying tags allowing them to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. (empowerpharmacy.com)
  • RAB proteins, like RAB8B, are low molecular mass monomeric GTPases that localize on the cytoplasmic surfaces of distinct membrane-bound organelles. (innatedb.com)
  • Kinesin-8s are dual-activity motor proteins that can move processively on microtubules and depolymerize microtubule plus-ends, but their mechanism of combining these distinct activities remains unclear. (nature.com)
  • Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, we show that the yeast kinesin-14 Kar3 generates processive movement as a heterodimer with the non-motor proteins Cik1 or Vik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Molecules can be transported around a cell by so-called motor proteins that move along a network of filaments called microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many motor proteins-including the kinesin family of these proteins-can only move in one direction along a microtubule. (elifesciences.org)
  • It has been recently reported that motor proteins like myosin Va play important role in transcytosis of nNOS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence has suggested the role of motor proteins like myosin Va in transposition of nNOS within the nerve terminals to the membranes to facilitate nitrergic neurotransmission ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
  • A rapid pool of vesicles that are docked at the plasma membrane, and whose fusion is limited only by calcium entry, a releasable pool of ATP-primed vesicles whose size also correlates with the number of ribbon-tethered vesicles, and a reserve pool of non-ribbon-tethered cytoplasmic vesicles. (tmc.edu)
  • Twelve membrane spanning segments ending with a short 28 residue COOH tail are common to both proteins in residue 379. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon engagement of ligands such as C1q or syalylated glycoproteins, two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) located in CD33 cytoplasmic tail are phosphorylated by Src-like kinases such as LCK. (cusabio.com)
  • Flotillin-1 (FLOT1) directly binds to the cytoplasmic tail of β-secretase and affects the sorting and recycling of the enzyme. (phcog.com)
  • In the presence of nucleoside triphosphates and the small GTP binding protein Ran, the complex moves into the nuclear pore complex and the importin subunits dissociate. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a significant type 1 trans-membrane protein with two subunits, S1 and S2. (openaccesspub.org)
  • unlike most of the motors in this group (which work together in pairs), Kar3 motor protein subunits each bind to and work with non-motor protein subunits, including one called Cik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Amount 1 displays a homology style of the Kir1.1 cytoplasmic domains docked towards the membrane-spanning part of a Kir3.1-KirBac1.3 chimera [11]. (bio2009.org)
  • Importin alpha binds the NLS-containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin beta docks the complex at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Karyopherins are proteins that help eukaryotic cells transport molecules between their cytoplasm and nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
  • First, it binds importin alpha, a form of karyopherin that binds the cargo protein in the cytoplasm, before the cargo protein is imported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore driven by energy from the Ran gradient. (prospecbio.com)
  • Eight exons of LMP2 isoforms encode 12 membrane spanning segments that are connected by short hydrophilic loops and ends with a 27 amino acid cytoplasmic C-terminus domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • LMP2B, unlike LMP2A, does not contain the N-terminal 119 amino acid cytoplasmic signaling domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human ESAM is synthesized as a 390 amino acid (aa) protein composed of a 29 aa signal peptide, a 216 aa extracellular region, a putative 26 aa transmembrane segment, and a 119 aa cytoplasmic domain. (reliatech.de)
  • In the cytoplasmic domain, there is a docking site for the multifunctional adaptor protein MAGI1. (reliatech.de)
  • 2022 ). The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of FlhA (FlhAC) serves as a docking platform for export of substrates and flagellar chaperones, and it plays an important role in hierarchical protein targeting and export. (tcdb.org)
  • TSWV and RSV N proteins also co-localized with Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2), a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling factor, in the perinuclear region, and partly in the nucleus when co-expressed with its WPP domain containing a nuclear-localization signal. (wur.nl)
  • Acts by blocking recruitment of the SH2-domain-containing signal-transduction molecule SHP-2 to a docking site in the SLAM cytoplasmic region. (lu.se)
  • This gene is a member of the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family and encodes a protein with a DHR-1 (CZH-1) domain, a DHR-2 (CZH-2) domain and an SH3 domain. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Subsequent entry of ATP initiates closing of the nucleotide-binding pocket and docking of a short peptide, known as the neck-linker, along the side of the motor domain. (nature.com)
  • Neck-linker docking in the microtubule-bound motor domain propels the second, microtubule-unbound, motor domain towards the microtubule plus-end, enabling a single stepping event. (nature.com)
  • The study of MscL, a highly convenient model system, will give us basic understanding and the first example of what type of intramolecular interactions, sequence motifs, and conformations make membrane proteins sensitive to a physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation. (usda.gov)
  • In this review, the hypothesis is forwarded that nNOS delivered to subcortical cytoskeleton requires interactions with scaffolding proteins prior to docking at the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this work, protein-protein interactions, tertiary structure prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed. (phcog.com)
  • Open up in another windowpane Fig. 1 Biogenesis, upstake and launch of exosomes Molecular structure of exosomes Dihydromyricetin price As potential natural materials transporters, exosomes are comprised of some biomolecules generally, including protein, short-chain peptides, lipids, and fragments of DNA, mRNA, and microRNA (miRNA). (baxkyardgardener.com)
  • The methodology will include site-directed mutagenesis, covalent protein modifications, patch- clamp measurements, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of dose-response curves and rates of transitions, videomicroscopy, and molecular modeling. (usda.gov)
  • The latest determinations of high-resolution x-ray buildings of Kir route proteins have considerably advanced our molecular knowledge of inward rectification [6-10]. (bio2009.org)
  • Without the aid of the importin alpha adapter protein, Importin beta can transport proteins into the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) are two viral proteins of the Epstein-Barr virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • To assess the functional role of SNARE proteins at retinal ribbon synapses, we used peptides derived from SNARE proteins that compete with endogenous proteins for SNARE complex formation. (tmc.edu)
  • In this experiment, we observed cytokine gene expression changes in Gallus gallus embryo after challenge with Delta SARS-CoV-2 RBD spike protein antigen, from a concentration of 10 µg/mL to a series of highly diluted forms in ethanol, along with controls. (openaccesspub.org)
  • 2016 ). FlhA and FlhB are transmembrane proteins of the flagellar type III protein export apparatus (TC# 3.A.6), and their C-terminal cytoplasmic domains (FlhAC and FlhBC) coordinate flagellar protein export with assembly. (tcdb.org)
  • Teh YM, Neuberger MS: The immunoglobulin (Ig)alpha and Igbeta cytoplasmic domains are independently sufficient to signal B cell maturation and activation in transgenic mice. (exbio.cz)
  • The analysis of mutations now allows us to narrow the search for functionally important regions to the short N-terminal helix, two transmembrane domains of the protein, and the loop between them. (usda.gov)
  • It is suggested that these proteins are sorted initially from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum and then to peroxisomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Overexpression of Pex15p, a phosphorylated peroxisomal integral membrane protein required for peroxisome assembly in S. cerevisiae , causes proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • found that the Kar3-Cik1 motor binds to and transports a protein complex that is crucial for separating chromosomes during cell division. (elifesciences.org)
  • After whole-body autoradiography to study the distribution of inhaled 14C-labeled chloroform in mice, most of the radioactivity was found in fat immediately after exposure, while the concentration of radioactivity in the liver increased during the postanesthetic period, most likely due to covalent binding to lipid and protein in the liver (Cohen and Hood 1969). (cdc.gov)
  • Hydration of Lipid-binding Proteins by ten anti-parallel b-strands. (lu.se)
  • Recently, it has been recognized that membrane-bound ribosomes are crucial for biogenesis of integral membrane proteins in E. coli , thus renewing interest in ribosome targeting to and association with the membrane in this organism. (rupress.org)
  • Pure T-cell deficiencies are caused by defects in either a CD3 subunit (such as CD3 δ, CD3 ζ, CD3 ε ) or in CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, key proteins involved in pre-TCR and/or TCR signaling at the positive selection stage. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, SG formation can modulate stress signaling pathways by protein sequestration. (biorxiv.org)
  • The signaling cascade is down-regulated by dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The rationale of this organization may be related to important roles of these proteins as "exchange hubs" for the signaling proteins for their migration from the subcortical cytosol to the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Viral LMP2A mRNA is frequently detected in peripheral blood B lymphocytes and the protein is often present in tumor biopsies from EBV malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Latent Membrane Protein 2 (LMP2) is a rightward transcribing gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice that do not express an active protein for this gene exhibit embryonic lethality associated with the absence of definitive erythropoiesis. (arigobio.cn)
  • This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 19 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database. (innatedb.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the importin beta family. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Earlier reports have pointed towards cytoplasmic-RNA processing bodies (P body, PB), although several questions have remained unsolved. (wur.nl)
  • Importin alpha enters the nucleoplasm with its passenger protein and importin beta remains at the pore. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The pore remains occluded from the cytoplasmic side by the bundle of S1 helices until stress in the linkers connecting S1 and M1 pulls the bundle apart, thus opening the channel. (usda.gov)
  • 3) when the S1 bundle breaks apart leading to the fully open conformation, S1 helices may dock to a specific site on the inner surface of the pore. (usda.gov)
  • To pass through the nuclear pore, most proteins need karyopherins. (prospecbio.com)
  • Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described, but only one has been fully characterized. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Karyopherins may act as imports (helping proteins enter the nucleus) or exports (helping proteins leave the nucleus) (i.e., helping proteins get out of the nucleus). (prospecbio.com)
  • Importin beta is a form of karyopherin that helps cargo proteins get into the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
  • These phosphorylations provide docking sites for the recruitment and activation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPN11/SHP-2. (cusabio.com)
  • Anti-human ESAM was purified by affinity chromatography with immobilized Protein A. (reliatech.de)
  • Purified by protein-A affinity chromatography. (exbio.cz)
  • A thesis is proposed here, based on rational argument that depletion of the cytoskeletal organizer protein shank3 may result in defective nNOS membrane localization, resulting in defective nitric oxide synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The dynamic configuration of the immune-active S protein happens when the S1 protein trimer aligns on top of the trimeric S2 9 . (openaccesspub.org)
  • Previous reports have demonstrated that this channel type can be inhibited via two pathways that involve syntaxin 1 and G-protein. (jneurosci.org)
  • Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)
  • For example, shank proteins are located further away from the membrane in the cytosolic faces of the PSDs, facing the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aβ peptide is generated by the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein by two distinct proteases β and γ-secretase. (phcog.com)
  • We estimate that upon stress perception, approximately half of TSN interactors are recruited to SGs de novo , in a stress-dependent manner, while another half represent a dense protein-protein interaction network pre-formed before onset of stress. (biorxiv.org)
  • Protein-protein interaction study of FLOT1 deciphered the interactors playing key role in AD. (phcog.com)
  • Presynaptic Ca V 2.2 (N-type) calcium channels are subject to modulation by interaction with syntaxin 1 and by a syntaxin 1-sensitive Gα O G-protein pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • We propose that in the absence of a functional SRP or translocon, ribosomes remain jammed at their primary membrane docking site, whereas FtsY-dependent ribosomal targeting to the membrane continues. (rupress.org)
  • STAT3 belongs to the STAT family of cytoplasmic transcription factors that induces cell membrane-mediated nuclear signal transduction in various cellular activities (2). (abwizbio.com)
  • How can this protein shell be strong enough to remain intact as it enters a host cell, and yet quickly open up to release the viral genome after replication? (elifesciences.org)
  • Most cytoplasmic-replicating negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs) initiate genome transcription by cap snatching. (wur.nl)
  • Altogether, the results implicate a more complex situation in which, besides PB, additional cytoplasmic sources are used during transcription/cap snatching of cytoplasmic-replicating and segmented NSVs. (wur.nl)