LocalizationMitosisKinasesCDC2CytoplasmPhosphorylationCDK5CDKsNucleusCDK4BindsCateninAntibodyProteinsImmunohistochemistryWestern blotCDK2DependentTransitionImmunoreactivityImmunofluorescenceInducesMitoticReceptorsYeastEnzymesContrastTestesTurnoverTranslocationMediatorActivationCellsSurvivalBindCell cycleExpressionPhaseRoleStudies have shownForm
Localization9
- Scholars@Duke publication: Control of cyclin B1 localization through regulated binding of the nuclear export factor CRM1. (duke.edu)
- Cyclin B1 localization changes dramatically during the cell cycle, precipitously transiting from the cytoplasm to the nucleus at the beginning of mitosis. (duke.edu)
- We show here that the previously characterized cytoplasmic retention sequence of Cyclin B1, responsible for its interphase cytoplasmic localization, is actually an autonomous nuclear export sequence, capable of directing nuclear export of a heterologous protein, and able to bind specifically to the recently identified export mediator, CRM1. (duke.edu)
- We propose that the observed cytoplasmic localization of Cyclin B1 during interphase reflects the equilibrium between ongoing nuclear import and rapid CRM1-mediated export. (duke.edu)
- Localization to the chromocenters is mediated by an N-terminal domain, in addition we find that this domain may be involved in cyclin binding. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- In this study, we examined the expression and subcellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), cyclin D1, and cyclin E in Leydig and Sertoli cell lines that were cultured with 7.5, 1.0, 0.5, or 0% serum (mixture of a 2:1 ratio of horse serum and fetal bovine serum) and in the developing rat testis to verify the possible functions of Cdk5, cyclin D1, and cyclin E in the testis. (elsevierpure.com)
- Immunohistochemical localization of Cdk5, cyclin D1, and cyclin E in 1-week- old and adult rat testes revealed expression in both Leydig and Sertoli cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Localization: Cyclin A is nuclear and cytoplasmic.Staining: Cyclin A as precipitated red signal with hematoxylin purple nuclear counterstain. (signalchem.com)
- In both nuclear clusters and among evenly spaced nuclei, a nucleus' transcriptional activity dictates local cytoplasmic contents, as assessed by the localization of several cyclin mRNAs. (nih.gov)
Mitosis6
- After A is degraded, concentrations of cyclin B peak in M phase and the complex will activate the different stages of mitosis. (jove.com)
- Activation of the Cyclin B/Cdc2 kinase complex triggers entry into mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. (duke.edu)
- In mitosis, Cyclin B1 undergoes phosphorylation at several sites, a subset of which have been proposed to play a role in Cyclin B1 accumulation in the nucleus. (duke.edu)
- The Xenopus cdc2 protein is a component of MPF, a cytoplasmic regulator of mitosis. (wikidata.org)
- The heterodimeric cyclin B/Cdc2 protein kinase governs entry into mitosis, and can be negatively regulated through p53-mediated transcriptional induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). (ox.ac.uk)
- For example, the exonuclease-dependent role of Kem1p is involved in the exit from mitosis, by degrading the mRNA of the mitotic cyclin CLB2. (tamu.edu)
Kinases7
- Even though Cdk5 has a similar structure to other cyclin-dependent kinases, its activators are highly specific (CDK5R1 and CDK5R2). (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike other cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK5 does not also require phosphorylation on the T loop. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases, or CDK. (jove.com)
- Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)
- Protein stability is dependent on amino acid limitation and cis signals within Gcn4p which are recognized by cyclin-dependent protein kinases, including Pho85p. (uni-luebeck.de)
- Ectopic expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in cultured cells has been shown previously to influence the subcellular distribution of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) including Cdc2. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
CDC25
- The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
- Subcellular localisation of cyclin B, Cdc2 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) in breast cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
- In this study, we have examined the subcellular localisation of Cdc2, cyclin B and p21(WAF1/CIP1) by immunohistochemistry in a well characterised series of primary breast cancers. (ox.ac.uk)
- MIH activates the cytoplasmic maturation promoting factor (MPF), which is made up of two subunits: cyclin B (a regulatory subunit) and cdc2 (a catalytic subunit). (biomedcentral.com)
- MIH stimulates the de novo synthesis of cyclin B. Cyclin B protein binds to cdc2 to form MPF. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasm7
- The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. (biomedcentral.com)
- Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. (biomedcentral.com)
- One known cause is the retention of excess cytoplasm around the midpiece due to an arrest in spermiogenesis and incomplete cytoplasmic extrusion [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Illustration comparing ( A ) spermatozoa with typical cytoplasmic droplets (CD) and ( B ) spermatozoa presenting with excess residual cytoplasm (ERC). (biomedcentral.com)
- In S. cerevisiae, oxidative stress triggers Med13 destruction 1 , which thereafter releases cyclin Ci nto the cytoplasm. (bepress.com)
- In response to stress, the yeast 1 and mammalian 2 cyclin C translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it associates with the GTPase Drp1/Dnm1 to drive mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. (bepress.com)
- The inactive Cyclin B1-p34cdc2 complex continues to accumulate in the cytoplasm until the completion of DNA synthesis, when Cdc25, a specific protein phosphatase, dephosphorylates amino acids Thr-14 and Tyr-15 of p34cdc2 rendering the complex active at the G2/M boundary. (nsjbio.com)
Phosphorylation6
- thus, we propose that Cyclin B1 phosphorylation at the G2/M transition prevents its interaction with CRM1, thereby reducing nuclear export and facilitating nuclear accumulation. (duke.edu)
- The cyclin D1 MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). (mcw.edu)
- In mammals, Cyclin B1 associates with inactive p34cdc2, which facilitates phosphorylation of p34cdc2 at amino acids Thr-14 and Tyr-15. (nsjbio.com)
- We studied here phosphorylation of 5-HT 1A R by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a neuron-specific membrane-bound Ser/Thr kinase that is activated by binding of the p35 Cdk5 activator. (elsevierpure.com)
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 promotes proteasomal degradation of the 5-HT 1A receptor via phosphorylation Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 510 (3), 370-375. (elsevierpure.com)
- DARPP-32 can itself inhibit the following PKA DARPP-32 phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). (pp1a.com)
CDK55
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a protein, and more specifically an enzyme, that is encoded by the Cdk5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The abundance of Cdk5 and cyclin E in the Leydig cell line, TM3, was significantly reduced at low serum concentrations. (elsevierpure.com)
- In contrast, serum concentration had no effect on Cdk5 and cyclin E levels in the Sertoli cell line, TM4. (elsevierpure.com)
- Immunohistochemical staining for Cdk5 and cyclin E revealed nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution, both in TM3 and TM4 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- 5-HT 1A R was phosphorylated by the Cdk5-p35 complex at Thr314 in the third cytoplasmic loop. (elsevierpure.com)
CDKs1
Nucleus3
- We previously reported that the Mediator component Med13 anchors cyclin C in the nucleus 3 . (bepress.com)
- In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. (mcw.edu)
- Build up of cytoplasmic -catenin leads to its translocation towards the nucleus, where it binds to transcription elements such as for example lymphoid enhancing element (LEF)/T cell element (TCF) to create a transcriptionally energetic complicated that focuses on genes such as for example those encoding MYC, cyclin D1, MMP3 and Compact disc44 [17]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
CDK43
- D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G 1 -S cell-cycle progression. (mcw.edu)
- Our results indicated that the activation of cyclinD1-CDK4 is required for short-term synaptic plasticity and mGluR-dependent LTD, and suggested that this cyclin-dependent kinase may have different roles during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cyclin D1, a member of the G1 cyclins, plays an important role in the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle in proliferating cells via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, or CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
Binds2
- For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
- Cyclin A binds to S phase CDK2 and is required for the cell to progress through the S phase. (signalchem.com)
Catenin3
- Nevertheless, when Wnt ligands bind to cell membrane receptors, signaling through the frizzled receptors inhibits this degradation procedure, thereby raising the degrees of free of charge cytoplasmic -catenin. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- In the absence of Wnt signals, the cytoplasmic catenin beta-1 ( β-catenin ) is associated with a complex including auxin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( GSK-3 ), and adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) (the APC protein acts as the primary regulator of β-catenin function). (hindawi.com)
- β-catenin forms a complex with T-cell factor ( TCF ) /lymphoid enhancer factor ( LEF ) transcription factors and cofactors such as histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300), CBP, BCL9, and pygopus, to transcribe Wnt signaling target genes such as Cyclin D1 , C-Myc , and survivin [ 9 , 12 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Antibody14
- Immunofluorescent staining of PFA-fixed human HeLa cells with Cyclin B1 antibody (clone V92.1). (nsjbio.com)
- Red=isotype control, Blue= Cyclin B1 antibody. (nsjbio.com)
- SDS-PAGE analysis of purified, BSA-free Cyclin B1 antibody (clone V92.1) as confirmation of integrity and purity. (nsjbio.com)
- This Cyclin B1 antibody is available for research use only. (nsjbio.com)
- This antibody recognizes a protein of 55-62kDa, identified as Cyclin B1. (nsjbio.com)
- Hamster protein was used as the immunogen for this Cyclin B1 antibody. (nsjbio.com)
- Store the Cyclin B1 antibody at 2-8oC (with azide) or aliquot and store at -20oC or colder (without azide). (nsjbio.com)
- Anti-Cyclin A Antibody was produced by repeated immunizations with a recombinant protein corresponding to the human cyclin A. (signalchem.com)
- Immunohistochemistry using Rabbit Anti-Cyclin A antibody. (signalchem.com)
- Fixation: formalin fixed paraffin embedded.Antigen retrieval: not required.Primary antibody: Anti-Cyclin A at 1:500 for 1 hr at RT. (signalchem.com)
- Western Blot of Rabbit Anti-Cyclin A antibody. (signalchem.com)
- Primary antibody: Anti-Cyclin A at 1:400 for overnight at 4°C. Predicted/Observed size: 60kDa for Cyclin A. (signalchem.com)
- The Anti-Cyclin-A antibody is ideal for investigators involved in cell signaling, cell biology and signal transduction research. (signalchem.com)
- All patients with t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) tested (n = 3) had intense cytoplasmic fluorescence with an anti-FGFR3 antibody. (elsevierpure.com)
Proteins1
- Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
Immunohistochemistry2
- On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for markers such as neuronspecific enolase, chromogranin-A, synaptophysin, and cyclin D1. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
- We also studied cells for cyclin D1 and FGFR3 up-regulation by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
Western blot1
- Cyclin D1 was detected by western blot analysis in TM4 cells only, and its abundance was serum dose dependent. (elsevierpure.com)
CDK21
- CDK2/Cyclin A is inhibited by the complex p21CIP. (signalchem.com)
Dependent2
- The molecule belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Transition3
- Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
- This mitotic kinase complex remains active until the metaphase/anaphase transition when Cyclin B1 is degraded. (nsjbio.com)
- Cyclin B1-p34cdc2 plays a critical role in G2 to M transition. (nsjbio.com)
Immunoreactivity3
- S-100 showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
- Cyclin D1 showed strong nuclear immunoreactivity. (pediatricneurosciences.com)
- Moreover, cyclin D1 immunoreactivity was only detected in TM4 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunofluorescence1
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was done on clonal plasma cells (PCs) detected by immunofluorescence (cig-FISH) of the cytoplasmic light chain. (elsevierpure.com)
Induces1
- Cytoplasmic cyclin C associates with mitochondria where it induces hyper-fragmentation and programmed cell death 2 . (bepress.com)
Mitotic1
Receptors1
- The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
Yeast1
- The Gcn4p population within unstarved yeast consists of a small relatively stable cytoplasmic fraction and a larger less stable nuclear fraction. (uni-luebeck.de)
Enzymes1
Contrast2
- In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1 NL ), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1 MEM ) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. (mcw.edu)
- In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. (embl.de)
Testes1
- Cyclin D1 was strongly expressed at 1 and 2 weeks in premature rat testes. (elsevierpure.com)
Turnover2
- Turnover of cyclin E is controlled by SCFFbw7. (harvard.edu)
- For the most part, these phenotypes are thought to arise from Kem1p's role in RNA turnover, because Kem1p is a major 5'-3' cytoplasmic exonuclease. (tamu.edu)
Translocation1
- The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
Mediator1
- In unstressed cells, the cyclin C‐Cdk8 kinase regulates transcription by associating with the Mediator of RNA polymerase II. (bepress.com)
Activation1
- During egg activation, relative changes in poly(A)-tail length, and thus translational efficiency, were largely retained in the absence of cytoplasmic polyadenylation, which indicated that selective poly(A)-tail shortening primarily specifies these changes. (elifesciences.org)
Cells1
Survival1
- cytoplasmic and nuclear high PP1 expression was associated with a shorter overall patient survival and expression of cytoplasmic PP1 high with progression-free survival shorter (P = 0.005, 0.033, and 0.037, respectively). (pp1a.com)
Bind1
- They must bind to a specific cyclin to be activated. (jove.com)
Cell cycle2
- Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)
- The cyclin D1 MEM was sufficient to induce G 1 -S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. (mcw.edu)
Expression1
- Expression of NLS-truncated Gcn4p results in an increased cytoplasmic fraction and an overall stabilization of the protein. (uni-luebeck.de)
Phase1
- In most cases, when a cyclin is degraded, the CDK is inactivated, signaling the end of a particular phase. (jove.com)
Role1
- The conserved cyclin C and its kinase partner Cdk8 play a key role in this decision. (bepress.com)
Studies have shown1
- Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. (biomedcentral.com)