Cytoplasm cell differentiation. Medical search. Frequent questions

and negative regulation of cell population proliferation. (nih.gov)
TGF-β regulates a variety of different cellular developmental processes including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
Therefore, the MAPK family governs almost all the physiological functions and processes such as cell adaptation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and programmed cell death. (spandidos-publications.com)
Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Then, the chemical count kit-8 cell viability assay, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, EdU labeling proliferation detection, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, besides the regulation of immune cells, NFAT2 also exerts modulatory effect of proliferation, invasion, metastasis and malignancy in breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and leukemia [13-15]. (researchsquare.com)
In this study, we constructed NFAT2 overexpressed cells (HepG2/NFAT2) based on HepG2 and investigated the effect of NFAT2 overexpression on HepG2 cells' viability, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration. (researchsquare.com)
STAT5 plays crucial regulatory roles in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, early B cell differentiation, and T cell development. (biolegend.com)
We have shown previously that extracellular psoriasin binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), promoting endothelial cell proliferation (8). (medicaljournals.se)
Adenomyoepithelioma (AME) of the male breast is a rare tumor characterized by biphasic proliferation of gland epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
These are the malignant proliferations of abnormal clones of white blood cells within the bone marrow that are broadly categorized into lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms depending on the type of white cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
Histologic examination revealed a hypercellular tumoral proliferation formed by large atypical monomorphic cells with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant light eosinophilic cytoplasm. (medscape.com)
Malignant proliferation showing large monomorphic cells with some epithelioid (A1E/AE3) or angiocentric aspects without clear vascular differentiation. (medscape.com)
This immunophenotype excluded a carcinoma, a lymphoid, melanocytic, germ cell, or neuroglial proliferation, and the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. (medscape.com)
Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)

Nuclear divisions proceed until numerous cone shaped nuclei are found below the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
This cell membrane becomes folded and the nuclei sink in (the oocyst stage). (wikipedia.org)
No expression of Daxx leads to malfunction of S phase and cells with two nuclei are formed. (wikipedia.org)
With the discovery of the polytenics in tapetum tissue, it was observed that in many other species of various angiosperm families the tapetal cells also display polytene, polyploid or both types of nuclei. (scielo.br)
The cells are hyperchromatic, with pleomorphic nuclei and frequent mitotic figures. (cap.org)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
The cells are made of regular hyperchromic nuclei. (jortho.org)
Foamy gland carcinoma of the prostate features cells with abundant finely vacuolated cytoplasm and pyknotic hyperchromatic nuclei. (medscape.com)
They may show abundant clear-to-vacuolated, foamy cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleolar prominence. (medscape.com)
Different characteristics of the nuclei and cytoplasm of the cell allow differentiation by instrumentation and microscopy. (medscape.com)

In the cytoplasm, the encoded protein may function to regulate apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
These induce extracellular Daxx to translocalize into the cytoplasm following an association with ASK1 (Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase1). (wikipedia.org)
Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
The NFAT2 overexpression suppressed the cell viability, invasion and migration capabilities, and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. (researchsquare.com)
Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
May be involved in regulation of transcriptional responses to NF-kappa-B, including cell adhesion, immune and proinflammatory responses, apoptosis, differentiation and growth. (lu.se)

This gene encodes a multifunctional protein that resides in multiple locations in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
At the level of the cell, Daxx is found in the cytoplasm, interacting with Fas-receptor or other cytoplasmic molecules, as well as in the nucleus, where it interacts with some subnuclear structures. (wikipedia.org)
Fas-receptor stimulation causes Daxx to translocate out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
ASK1 will be transported to the nucleus when UV-irradiation is used to treat the cell. (wikipedia.org)
First, iSN04 governs the translocation of nucleolin protein between the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
It is localized to many small speckles in the nucleus, and also to cell-cell tight junctions. (cancerindex.org)
And it is the hub between the cytoplasm and the nucleus ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The essential difference between endomitosis and the normal cell cycle is the absence of nuclear membrane dissolution in endomitosis, with the whole cycle occurring inside the nucleus. (scielo.br)
They perform both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm where they regulate, respectively, the messenger RNA production (mRNA) and the subsequent process of protein translation. (uniroma1.it)
Psoriasin (S100A7) was first identified for its overexpression in psoriatic keratinocytes (3), where it was found to be located to the nucleus and the cytoplasm (4). (medicaljournals.se)
Within cells, p27 is located primarily in the nucleus, where it plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
Still other mutations prevent p27 from moving from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)

Histologic sections show small nests of cytologically bland epithelial cells with abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm distributed within a fibromatous stroma. (cap.org)
The epithelial cells have a urothelial cell-like appearance, with abundant clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and small nucleoli. (cap.org)

Finally, a new class was defined called carcinoma with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements, which brings together a number of proliferations characterized by a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation. (ersjournals.com)
To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)
Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Because human mesenchymal stem cells are known to be sensitive to their mechanical environments, we investigated the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet membrane-like microtopography (DLT) to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells into CEC-like cells. (lww.com)
Master molds with inverted DLT were produced by 2-photon lithography (2-PL). To measure the mechanotransductive potential of DLT, mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated on silicone or collagen imprints with DLT. (lww.com)

Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Generally, NFAT2 locates in cytoplasm with an hyperphosphorylation in quiescent cells, while it can be activated through dephosphorylating by intracellular Ca 2+ increase activated calcineurin [5]. (researchsquare.com)
Intracellular psoriasin has been found to interact with various signalling proteins, including the nuclear factor (NF)-kB regulator Jab1, while secreted psoriasin functions as an antimicrobial peptide and has the ability to induce chemotaxis of neutrophils and T cells (6). (medicaljournals.se)
Previous studies of the role of psoriasin in keratinocyte differentiation have focused on the effects of extracellular psoriasin, but as the psoriasin in psoriasis is keratinocyte-derived, it is imperative to consider the effects of psoriasin as an endogenously produced intracellular mediator. (medicaljournals.se)
CD4+ ( helper ) T cells co-ordinate the immune response and are important in the defence against intracellular bacteria. (wikidoc.org)

Other studies showed that lack of Daxx gene caused a higher apoptotic rate in embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Generating specific cell lineages from induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells is the holy grail of regenerative medicine. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
The team, led by Associate Professor Tomohide Takaya from the Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences at Shinshu University, recently discovered that an anti-nucleolin aptamer, myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide iSN04, induced myocardial differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
Promotes self-renewal and maintains pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells and mouse Epi-stem cells when used in combination with CHIR99021 (Kim et al. (stemcell.com)

Pre-adipose cells were found to be fibroblasts characterized by their spindle shape, long tenuous cytoplasmic extensions, and profuse endoplasmic reticulum. (rupress.org)
The developmental stages traced from fibroblast to mature adipose cell show a gradual change in cell shape, an accumulation of cytoplasm and non-membrane-bounded lipid, a decrease in the endoplasmic reticulum, and a change in shape of mitochondria. (rupress.org)
C) Circular cross sections through rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) (arrows) found free within the cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
Differentiation: ribosomes along the endoplasmic reticulum may be confused with viral spikes. (cdc.gov)

Results In IPF, the bronchiolised and enlarged distal airspaces stained for SOX2 are consistent with epithelial differentiation characteristic of conducting airway epithelium. (bmj.com)
Activation of abnormal respiratory epithelial differentiation programs may contribute to the expression of MUC5B and bronchiolisation of the distal lung, a salient feature of IPF. (bmj.com)
This pattern of expression suggests an involvement in epithelial differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)

and abundant, finely vacuolated, foamy cytoplasm with no mitotic figures. (medscape.com)
the B lymphocytes in cycle showed abundant cytoplasm and features suggestive of lymphoplasmacytic differentiation. (bmj.com)

It has been associated with heterochromatin and PML-NBs (Promyelocytic Leukaemia nuclear bodies) and has been implicated in many nuclear processes including transcription and cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
In addition, the addition of VEGF to the culture medium can increase the survival rate of neurons in the cerebral cortex as well as the number and length of ganglion cell processes, to promote nerve growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
As regards the so-called "genomic dark matter", there are thousands of non-coding RNA sequencing of great importance for the control of all those processes underlying the correct differentiation of cells and tissues in our body that, if altered, may cause several illnesses. (uniroma1.it)
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. (joplink.net)
1 If the number of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) falls below a certain threshold because of traumatic injury, disease, or normal aging processes, functionality of the CE is decreased, and the cornea swells and becomes milky, leading to eventual vision loss. (lww.com)
It regulates many physiologic processes that include cell survival, migration, differentiation, and PHAGOCYTOSIS of apoptotic cells and ROD PHOTORECEPTORS in the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. (bvsalud.org)

This pathway normally regulates stress-induced cell death. (wikipedia.org)
An anti-nucleolin DNA aptamer, iSN04, regulates cardiomyogenesis of murine pluripotent stem cells. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
NFAT2, as an important transcriptional promoter, regulates expression of TNF-α, myc proto-oncogene protein (c-myc), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Fas ligand (FasL) and also generates crosstalks with ERK/MAPK pathway and AKT/GSK3b signaling, which achieves its control of the cell fate [7-12]. (researchsquare.com)

HaCaT is an immortalised human adult keratinocyte cell line. (reprocell.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous psoriasin on disturbed keratinocyte differentiation in psoriasis. (medicaljournals.se)
Induction of keratinocyte differentiation caused concurrent expression of psoriasin and the differentiation marker involucrin. (medicaljournals.se)
In a spectrum of conditions of dysregulated keratinocyte differentiation, we have previously demonstrated strong psoriasin expression in differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and a lack of expression in undifferentiated basalioma (9). (medicaljournals.se)
The high expression level in psoriatic epidermis in conjunction with the disturbed differentiation process suggests that psoriasin is involved in keratinocyte differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is now recognized as a histologically high grade non small cell carcinoma showing histopathological features of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers. (ersjournals.com)
Keratin 10 (mouse monoclonal), Ki67 (rabbit polyclonal) and involucrin (mouse monoclonal) expression of HaCaT cells cultured on Alvetex Scaffold in 12-well inserts (AVP005) by immunohistochemical analysis of 4 % formaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded sections (secondary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488 donkey, anti-mouse and Alexa Fluor 488 goat, anti-rabbit). (reprocell.com)
Tumor cells usually retain prostatic epithelial antigenicity, and immunohistochemical stains can be used for their identification. (medscape.com)

JNK activates HIPK2, which stands for the translocation of nuclear Daxx to the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell is treated with TGF-β, HIPK2, a nuclear kinase, phosphorylates Daxx and the activated Daxx in turn activates the JNK pathway (see "The Daxx Pathway" figure). (wikipedia.org)
The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)
Nuclear export factor 1 (NXF1) exports mRNA to the cytoplasm after recruitment to mRNA by specific adaptor proteins. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. (researchsquare.com)
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2, also known as NFATc and NFATc1) is an important member of NFAT family which plays a vital role in T cell activation and differentiation [4]. (researchsquare.com)
Once NFAT2 is activated, it exposes nuclear localization sequences, promoting its cytoplasm-to-nuclear translocation and then NFAT2 forms heterodimers with other transcription factors to exert its transcriptional functions [6]. (researchsquare.com)
SFE inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: Single and double immunoenzymatic staining procedures, immunoperoxidase, and immunoalkaline phosphatase were used with Ki-67, a monoclonal antibody that recognises a nuclear antigen present in proliferating cells, with markers expressed in B and T lymphocytes and monocytes. (bmj.com)
Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)

The sensitivity and Ca 2+ mobilization of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by NFAT2 overexpression. (researchsquare.com)
The lentivirus-mediated overexpression of psoriasin, mimicking the psoriatic milieu, gave rise to an altered regulation of differentiation genes and an expression pattern reminiscent of that in psoriatic epidermis. (medicaljournals.se)
Transcription factors AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma are downregulated during lactation, and their overexpression in transgenic mice impaired the secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium, resulting in lactation failure. (biomedcentral.com)

The outcomes - concludes Bozzoni - highlight how important the RNA's complex structures, such as G- quadruplex, are and, by identifying this new regulation mechanism, they cast new light on the non-coding RNA's functional repertoire, the "dark side" of our cell transcriptions . (uniroma1.it)
Our findings indicate that posttranslational modification of SR proteins underlies the regulation of their mRNA export activities and distinguishes pluripotent from differentiated cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
Cloning, expression, and differentiation-dependent regulation of SMAF1 in adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

This is further supported by the expression of late differentiation markers (keratin 10 and involucrin) which occur towards the air exposed surface of the culture with increasing expression from 7-21 days (Figure 3). (reprocell.com)
The keratinocytes in active psoriatic lesions display an altered sequence and altered expression levels of the differentiation markers (2). (medicaljournals.se)
Half of the Ki-67 positive lymphocytes could not be accounted for by B or T cells with the markers used. (bmj.com)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)

In this work, pathways governing mucus cell differentiation were investigated in lung tissues from patients with IPF and other chronic pulmonary disorders. (bmj.com)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
This protein is found in cells and tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Neuregulin1α, which drives mucus cell differentiation in vitro, was expressed in normal airway submucosal glands and in lungs from patients with IPF. (bmj.com)
To explore whether the downregulation of AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma is of functional significance for lactogenic differentiation, we analyzed the expression of the AP-2 family members during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Using RT-PCR we could not detect a downregulation of any of these genes during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
The extent of lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells in vitro is limited compared to mammary epithelium undergoing secretory differentiation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
To these ends, an in vitro system of lactogenic differentiation would be informative. (biomedcentral.com)

Abnormal differentiation of the respiratory epithelium is a feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). (bmj.com)
The results are the following: we observe a thin epithelium on proliferative tumoral fusiform cells. (jortho.org)
Labelling was found near the basal lamina, surrounding early spermatocytes (presumably in leptotene-zygotene) or at one of two levels in the seminiferous epithelium: (1) around deep infoldings of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, in tubular stages before spermiation, and (2) in the superficial part of the seminiferous epithelium, in tubular stages after or during spermiation. (techscience.com)

Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
This cell line has been known to retain a capacity fornormal differentiation up to multiple passages similar to normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), and hence offers a suitable model for keratinisation studies. (reprocell.com)
Psoriasin, which is highly expressed in psoriasis, is encoded by a gene located within the epidermal differentiation complex. (medicaljournals.se)
To establish the skin barrier and the epidermal structure, keratinocytes undergo a tightly regulated process of differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)
In psoriasis, the differentiation process of the epidermal cells is disturbed. (medicaljournals.se)
In addition, the gene that encodes psoriasin is positioned within the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) (10-12), a gene cluster that contains several genes of importance in the terminal differentiation of the human epidermis (10, 11). (medicaljournals.se)

Here, we utilized microarrayed patterns to provide a controlled biochemical and biomechanical microenvironment for mouse liver progenitor cell differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
Drives the maturation of B-lymphocytes into Ig secreting cells (PubMed:12626569). (abcam.com)
Junctional devices in Sertoli cells conform the blood-testis barrier and play a key role in maturation and differentiation of germ cells. (techscience.com)
Decreased WBC count, leukopenia, is seen when supply is depleted by infection or treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or when a hematopoietic stem cell abnormality does not allow normal growth/maturation within the bone marrow, such as myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. (medscape.com)

also known as ASH1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). (cancerindex.org)
Combining individual-resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) and mass spectrometry, we show that elevated arginine methylation of SRSF5 and lower phosphorylation levels of cobound SRSF2 enhance shuttling of SRSF5 in P19 cells by modulating protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (uni-frankfurt.de)
ADIG/SMAF1 is an adipocyte-specific protein that plays a role in adipocyte differentiation (Kim et al. (nih.gov)
The differentiation-induced psoriasin expression was found to be mediated by the protein kinase C pathway. (medicaljournals.se)
A) Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), circular vesicles with a fringe of clathrin protein (arrow), in the cell cytoplasm range in size from 60 nm−100 nm. (cdc.gov)
Secretory epithelial cells display lactogenic differentiation which is characterized by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiating HC11 cells displayed lower expression levels of milk protein genes than mammary glands of mid-pregnant or lactating mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The lactogenic differentiation of the secretory epithelial cells is characterized by the synthesis of lactose and milk fat and by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
studies suggest that certain endocrine cells may be particularly dependent on the p27 protein to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)

Morphological sexual differentiation is not detectable until growth is almost complete. (wikipedia.org)
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)

The gene involved in basal cell carcinoma ( PTCH, human patched gene located on band 9q22.3) appears to participate in the pathogenesis of trichoepithelioma. (medscape.com)
The rare cases of trichoepithelioma described as having aggressive behavior (ie, ulceration, recurrence) are probably follicular tumors within the basal cell nevus syndrome and not trichoepithelioma. (medscape.com)
As a graduate student with Julius Adler, I identified the basal body of the bacterial flagellum, develop methods for its purification, and elucidate its fine structure and specific attachments to the bacterial cell envelope. (nih.gov)
3 Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can be of the following types: myoepithelial Carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial Carcinoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, etc. (org.pk)
Coexisting foamy and nonfoamy adenocarcinoma with glandular differentiation devoid of basal cell lining is helpful in clarifying their malignant nature. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Knowledge of preceding treatment and the finding of other therapy-related changes, such as glandular atrophy, as well as basal cell hyperplasia, should alert to this differential. (medscape.com)
Because several tumor suppressor genes (ie, p16, p15, and the gene for the basal cell nevus syndrome) are in this region, the gene for the development of familial trichoepithelioma also encodes for a tumor suppressor. (medscape.com)

The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
Aptamers are single-stranded pieces of DNA that bind to target proteins and are able to modulate signaling cascades during cell differentiation when a stem cell commits to a specific functional role or phenotype. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
Comparison of the structural and functional specialisations of cells lining the stomach with those of the cells lining the small intestine. (markedbyteachers.com)
Artificial reproduction of Descemet membrane with respect to topography and similar stiffness offers a potential innovative way to bioengineer a functional CEC monolayer from autologous stem cells. (lww.com)
Cells with a shortage of functional p27 can divide too quickly or in an uncontrolled way, forming a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
Like the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, these genetic changes reduce the amount of functional p27 available to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
Macrophage differentiation into functional phenotypes influences the fate of nanomaterials taken up by these immune cells. (cdc.gov)

If prostate biopsies are performed following hormonal therapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, the appearance of residual tumor cells can mimic xanthoma cells. (medscape.com)
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are able to kill virus-infected and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
they are not inherited and are present only in tumor cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Tumor cells were arranged in solid sheets [Fig. 2(A)]. Numerous mitosis and necrosis were observed. (medscape.com)

Several different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell . (wikidoc.org)
In this study, we examined the potential of SF extract (SFE) to inhibit receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). (biomedcentral.com)
A 63-year-old man with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-matched unrelated donor. (bvsalud.org)

Using various assays like RNA sequencing, cell staining and imaging, and molecular interaction and pathway analysis, the researchers investigated iSN04's effect on murine ESCs and iPSCs. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
Second, it results in the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway that governs cell differentiation. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
IWR-1-endo potently inhibits WNT signaling by blocking a cell-based WNT/β-catenin pathway reporter response with an IC₅₀ value of 180 nM (Chen et al. (stemcell.com)
We present a rate equation model for the TGF-b pathway in endothelial cells together with novel measurements. (lu.se)

Ultimately, terminal cell differentiation commits to the cardiomyocyte lineage. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
However, even with their highly preserved differentiation capacity, terminal differentiation can remain incomplete under air-exposed conditions. (reprocell.com)
The most important new finding was that the apical "terminal web" in these cells, which supports the microvilli via their core bundles of actin filaments, does not itself contain very much actin but instead is comprised largely of narrow strands that interconnect adjacent actin bundles with one another and with the underlying base of intermediate filaments. (rupress.org)

Cells of the multilocular stage are shown to differ from brown fat cells, particularly with respect to cytoplasmic membrane systems and mitochondria. (rupress.org)
The phagophore encloses small portions of the cytoplasm to form a double-membrane structure called an autophagosome. (hindawi.com)
M1-type macrophages predominantly sequester nanoceria near the plasma membrane, whereas nanoceria are more uniformly distributed throughout M2 macrophage cytoplasm. (cdc.gov)
they may be located on the cell surface membrane or within the cytoplasm (see table Some Types of Physiologic. (msdmanuals.com)

Conclusion Expression of SOX2 and MUC5B and lack of SPDEF in atypically differentiated cells of bronchiolised distal airspaces are consistent with abnormal programming of airway epithelial cells in IPF. (bmj.com)
Mucus cells lining abnormal airways from patients with IPF expressed MUC5B and SOX2 but lacked SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and forkhead box A3(FOXA3). (bmj.com)
In addition to the low expression in normal skin and the high expression in the psoriatic epidermis, psoriasin is also expressed in conditions displaying abnormal differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)

However, when these pluripotent stem cells were treated after experiencing differentiating conditions for five days, specific marker genes were upregulated, and the cells committed to forming beating cardiomyocytes. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
Osteoclast differentiation marker genes were analyzed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)

10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)

The spacial distribution of ectoplasmic specializations of Sertoli cells was studied by β-actin immunolabelling, using laser confocal and transmission electron microscopy. (techscience.com)

We use RT-PCR reverse transcription system and the expand high fidelity PCR system to detect spliced XBP1 mRNA, and fraction cells to determine the location of the unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)

They are composed of irregular nests of malignant cells with stromal invasion, often associated with a desmoplastic reaction. (cap.org)
The physical properties of leukocytes, such as volume, conductivity, and granularity, may change due to activation, the presence of immature cells, or the presence of malignant leukocytes in leukemia. (wikidoc.org)

By demonstrating the generation of cardiomyocytes from murine pluripotent stem cells, their concept shows promise as a regenerative therapy. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
As expected, SRSF2 and SRSF5 shuttle poorly in HeLa cells but surprisingly display considerable shuttling in pluripotent murine P19 cells. (uni-frankfurt.de)
We also found that the same ferritin biomineralization mechanism occurs after the uptake of Ce-ions into polarized macrophages and into unpolarized human monocytes and murine RAW 264.7 cells. (cdc.gov)

VEGF is purified from bovine pituitary follicular cells in 1959 and is a vascular endothelial cell-specific mitogen that promotes the growth of vascular endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Loss of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) bears disastrous consequences for the patient, including corneal clouding and blindness. (lww.com)
endothelial cells. (lu.se)

The scientific term leukocyte directly reflects this description, derived from Greek leukos - white, and kytos - cell. (wikidoc.org)

Osteoclast differentiation was measured by tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining and the TRAP solution assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. (joplink.net)

Numerous smooth-membraned vesicles occur in the cytoplasm throughout differentiation. (rupress.org)
[ 4 ] This is especially the case when they occur in seemingly infiltrating nests, cords, or single cells on small biopsy specimens. (medscape.com)

At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
A team of researchers from the Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin" of Sapienza University and the CLNS and CHT centres of the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) has discovered in a non-coding RNA, lnc-SMaRT , an interesting mechanism through which the molecule can control muscle cell development . (uniroma1.it)

These malignancies are further characterized by the maturity and differentiation of the individual cell types and are divided into acute leukemias such as acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic leukemias such as chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (medscape.com)
The white blood cells (leukocytes) are further divided into phagocytes or myeloid (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes) and immunocytes or lymphoid (lymphocytes). (medscape.com)

The family members are a group of evolutionarily conserved enzymes in mammalian cells, including four subclasses: ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and ERK5 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)

No features of vascular differentiation, for example intracytoplasmic lumina or areas of conventional angiosarcoma, were observed. (medscape.com)

A receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX to the CYTOPLASM by binding ligands such as GALECTIN 3. (bvsalud.org)

Monocytes share the "vacuum cleaner" ( phagocytosis ) function of neutrophils, but are much longer lived as they have an additional role: they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed, or so that an antibody response may be mounted. (wikidoc.org)

The downregulation of psoriasin expression by small interfering RNA revealed that psoriasin mediates the expression of involucrin, desmoglein 1, transglutaminase 1 and CD24 in normal differentiation. (medicaljournals.se)
SFE attenuated the RANKL-mediated induction of NF-κB through inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation, which contributed to inhibiting of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of NFATc1. (biomedcentral.com)

γδ T cells possess an alternative T cell receptor as opposed to CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells and share characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. (wikidoc.org)

Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
B cells make antibodies that bind to pathogens to enable their destruction. (wikidoc.org)
B cells not only make antibodies that bind to pathogens , but after an attack, some B cells will retain the ability to produce an antibody to serve as a 'memory' system. (wikidoc.org)

A variety of imaging and analytical methods have been developed to study nanoparticles in cells. (cdc.gov)

For induction of differentiation, cells were grown to confluency and then kept in medium without EGF for 48 hours to induce competence. (biomedcentral.com)

We had previously found that iSN04 promoted myogenic precursor cells (myoblasts) to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells and had hypothesized that the aptamer also enhanced differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)

Furthermore, NFAT2 participates in the early growth response factor 2 (Egr2)-regulated anergic phenotype which impairs the migration and invasion of leukaemia cells [16]. (researchsquare.com)

Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
Is there a hallmark 'glycosylation signature' that characterizes the initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs in physiologic and pathologic settings? (nature.com)

an anti-nucleolin DNA aptamer, iSN04, can determine a cell's lineage during differentiation. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)

Because p27 plays such a key role in controlling cell division, its activity is tightly regulated. (medlineplus.gov)

Before quick freezing, cells were exposed to detergents or broken open physically to clear away the granular material in their cytoplasm that would otherwise obscure the view. (rupress.org)

In a whole-genome sequencing in 17 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma cases and whole-exome sequencing in 71 cases, Song (2014), reported ASH1L alterations. (cancerindex.org)
The large cell carcinoma class has been enriched with several variants, including the LCNEC and the basaloid carcinoma, both with a dismal prognosis. (ersjournals.com)
As compared to the previous edition, changes include a better definition of pre-invasive lesion, a reclassification of adenocarcinoma, the description of two new tumour types as variants of large cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and basaloid carcinoma, and a new class called pleomorphic carcinoma. (ersjournals.com)
In addition of the categories of squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ , two additional lesions were added to the group of pre-invasive lesions: atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH). (ersjournals.com)
The biopsy showed spindle cell component with mild atypia, invasion into surrounding tissue, and increased mitotic activity on the basis of which a diagnosis of Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma developing in a background of pleomorphic adenoma was made. (org.pk)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Self-renewal and pluripotency-the capacity to form any cell lineage-are inherent characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
Promotes differentiation of cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that have been induced to mesoderm by addition of Activin A and/or BMP4 (Ren et al. (stemcell.com)

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (AA) also presents histological features very similar to those of the squamous odontogenic tumor from which it differs since the peripheral cells are columnar instead of flat [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Peripheral blood smear for malaria was repeated and revealed 3.8% parasitised red cells. (hkmj.org)
We investigated the impact of downstream signaling, showing that peripheral biliary differentiation is dependent not only on Notch and TGFβ but also E-cadherin, myosin-mediated cell contractility, and ERK. (elifesciences.org)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with (left), or without (right) recombinant human IL-2 for 15 minutes, fixed with Fixation Buffer (Cat. (biolegend.com)
Characterisation of normal peripheral blood cells in cycle identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67. (bmj.com)
AIMS: To investigate the numbers, morphology, and lineage assignment of Ki-67 positive cells in peripheral blood from normal subjects. (bmj.com)
The demonstration that a proportion of normal blood lymphocytes are in cell cycle raises the issue of whether immunophenotypic analysis of Ki-67 positive cells in haemopoietic malignancies with peripheral blood disease should be carried out to define more precisely the proportion of normal and neoplastic cells in cycle. (bmj.com)

Growth proceeds and sexual differentiation takes place but mature gametes are not found until November, when the first stages of sporogony are first found. (wikipedia.org)
The researchers have demonstrated how Inc-SMaRT, by connecting itself with the G-quadruplex structure of the messenger RNA MLX-g, can decrease the corresponding protein's levels and accurately organise the single stages leading to the right muscle differentiation . (uniroma1.it)
Also, these different approaches allowed us to study the complex arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells branches, which surround germ cells in different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. (techscience.com)

Anatomy67

Organisms8

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs87

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Proliferation17

Nuclei11

Apoptosis8

Nucleus14

Eosinophilic cytoplasm2

Mesenchymal5

Intracellular7

Embryonic stem4

Endoplasmic reticulum4

Epithelial differentiation3

Abundant2

Processes7

Regulates3

Keratinocyte5

Immunohistochemical3

Nuclear10

Overexpression3

Regulation4

Markers5

Regulate2

Tissues3

Vitro5

Epithelium3

Epidermal6

Progenitor cell1

Maturation4

Protein9

Morphological2

Basal7

Functional7

Tumor cells4

Bone marrow3

Pathway4

Terminal3

Membrane4

Abnormal3

Genes4

Pathways1

Electron microscopy1

MRNA3

Apoptotic1

Malignant2

Murine3

Endothelial cells3

Leukocyte1

Assay1

Cytoplasmic1

Occur2

Biology3

Myeloid2

Mammalian Cells2

Vascular1

Extracellular1

Phagocytosis1

Downregulation2

Receptor1

Antibodies3

METHODS1

Induction1

Precursor cells1

Migration1

Physiologic2

Cell's1

Tightly regulated1

Granular1

Carcinoma6

Pluripotent stem2

Peripheral7

Stages3