• Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigate the genes regulating biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin, cytokinin signal perception and signal transduction primarily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . (fu-berlin.de)
  • It is involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. (riken.jp)
  • abstract = "Auxin and cytokinin are key hormonal signals that control the cellular architecture of the primary root and the initiation of new lateral root organs in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (edu.sa)
  • In this paper, sub-cellular and multi-cellular mathematical models are developed to investigate how interactions between auxin and cytokinin influence the size and location of regions of division and differentiation within the primary root, and describe how their cross-regulation may cause periodic branching of lateral roots. (edu.sa)
  • Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
  • I then hypothesized that this network could consist of two mutually inhibitory auxin and cytokinin signalling pathway components. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Using in planta analysis, I was able to show that both auxin and cytokinin signalling levels are low specifically in the vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Some of our research questions are: Which developmental processes are under control of cytokinin, and which genes are involved? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the individual functions of cytokinin-related genes? (fu-berlin.de)
  • We are studying the use of cytokinin genes to engineer plants with improved traits in oilseed rape, barley, and poplar. (fu-berlin.de)
  • SPL8 and miR156-targeted SPL genes redundantly regulate Arabidopsis gynoecium differential patterning. (mpg.de)
  • Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies SPL7-Regulated Copper Acquisition Genes FRO4/FRO5 and the Copper Dependence of Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. (mpg.de)
  • Unchanged red light sensitivity of mutant hypocotyl elongation suggests that previously reported modulation of red light signaling by A-type response regulators may not depend on cytokinin. (nih.gov)
  • Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we have identified a role of the CK signaling components type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) in HSR in Arabidopsis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
  • In the course of my investigations, I identified specific type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), which negatively regulate cytokinin signalling, as putative WOX4 targets. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • AHPs function as redundant positive regulators of cytokinin signaling. (or.jp)
  • Encodes AHP1, one of the six Arabidopsis thaliana histidine phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs). (or.jp)
  • We used loss-of-function mutants to study three Arabidopsis thaliana sensor histidine kinases, AHK2, AHK3, and CRE1/AHK4, known to be cytokinin receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Together, the analyses reveal partially redundant functions of the cytokinin receptors and prominent roles for the AHK2/AHK3 receptor combination in quantitative control of organ growth in plants, with opposite regulatory functions in roots and shoots. (nih.gov)
  • Cytokinin receptors are eukaryotic sensor histidine kinases that are activated by both naturally occurring adenine-type cytokinins and urea-based synthetic compounds. (rcsb.org)
  • It could be shown in a yeast experiment that the rock2 and rock3 mutations cause the formation of constitutively active cytokinin receptors. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinins have been shown to slow aging of plant organs by preventing protein breakdown, activating protein synthesis, and assembling nutrients from nearby tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was hypothesized that cytokinin may affect enzymes that regulate protein synthesis and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, findings in this study propose that WOX4 itself is regulated by cytokinin via the DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER 2.1 (DOF2.1) protein. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We characterize early patterning during de novo development of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem using fluorescent reporters of known gene and protein activities required for shoot meristem development and maintenance. (biologists.com)
  • We conclude by introducing our recent work on UNI, a novel R protein in Arabidopsis which mediates cross-talk between developmental processes and defense responses. (molcells.org)
  • A Conserved KIN17 Curved DNA-Binding Domain Protein Assembles with SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 to Adapt Arabidopsis Growth and Development to Limiting Copper Availability. (mpg.de)
  • Functional characterisation of Arabidopsis SPL7 conserved protein domains suggests novel regulatory mechanisms in the Cu deficiency response. (mpg.de)
  • The Arabidopsis COPT6 Transport Protein Functions in Copper Distribution Under Copper-Deficient Conditions. (mpg.de)
  • Jeremy Gagiano, Magister en Agrociencias, Universidad de Bordeaux (2019). (anid.cl)
  • Using map-based cloning, the rock3 mutant allele was identified as missense mutation in the AHK3 cytokinin receptor gene, and the rock4 mutant allele was identified as a missense mutation in the cytokinin synthesis gene IPT3. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Crystal structures of the Arabidopsis thaliana histidine kinase 4 sensor domain in complex with different cytokinin ligands now rationalize the hormone-binding specificity of the receptor and may spur the design of new cytokinin ligands. (rcsb.org)
  • Leaves of ahk2 ahk3 mutants formed fewer cells, had reduced chlorophyll content, and lacked the cytokinin-dependent inhibition of dark-induced chlorophyll loss, indicating a prominent role of AHK2 and, particularly, AHK3 in the control of leaf development. (nih.gov)
  • Increased cytokinin content of receptor mutants indicates a homeostatic control of steady state cytokinin levels through signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Suppressor mutagenesis of CKX1 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (CKX1ox) led to the identification of the dominant mutants rock2 CKX1ox, rock3 CKX1ox and rock4 CKX1ox (Bartrina 2006), which showed a partial reversion of the cytokinin-deficient phenotype. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Phenotypic analysis of the rock2, rock3, and rock4 mutants in the CKX1 overexpressing background revealed that the mutations caused a partial to full reversion of the cytokinin deficiency syndrome in matters of rosette diameter, shoot height, number of siliques, and root growth, and caused delayed leaf senescence in a dark-induced senescence assay. (fu-berlin.de)
  • In addition, the characterisation of the gain-of-function cytokinin mutants rock2, rock3, and rock4 revealed that an enhanced cytokinin status causes several effects on plant development, which are of potential interest for agricultural breeding purposes, for example an enhanced organ growth and delayed senescence. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Mutant seeds had more rapid germination, reduced requirement for light, and decreased far-red light sensitivity, unraveling cytokinin functions in seed germination control. (nih.gov)
  • In most cases, transgenic pAHK2:rock2 and pAHK3:rock3 lines showed more prominent phenotypes compared to rock2 and rock3 mutant plants, indicating a higher cytokinin status in the transgenic lines. (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the cellular responses to cytokinin? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, cytokinin regulates responses to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The Copper-microRNA Pathway Is Integrated with Developmental and Environmental Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
  • Modulation of copper deficiency responses by diurnal and circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
  • Romanov G.A., Schmülling, T. (2022) On the biological activity of cytokinin free bases and their ribosides. (fu-berlin.de)
  • No phenylurea cytokinins have been found in plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • While cytokinin action in vascular plants is described as pleiotropic, this class of plant hormones specifically induces the transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, transgenic lines expressing rock2, rock3, and rock4 under control of their own promoters were generated in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinin regulates yield in crop plants, which is an extremely important trait. (fu-berlin.de)
  • 25 ] used the entire root systems of cyst nematode-infected Arabidopsis plants to perform the first transcriptomic studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cytokinins are classic hormones that orchestrate plant growth and development and the integrity of stem cell populations. (rcsb.org)
  • Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
  • A higher ratio of cytokinin induces growth of shoot buds, while a higher ratio of auxin induces root formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that high concentrations of cytokinin showed more hyperhydricity symptoms as compared to the cytokinin-free (control) on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (kspbtjpb.org)
  • The relative volume of apoplastic water in seedlings from cytokinin-containing media, both Micro-agar and gelrite-solidified, was also increased, along with the development of hyperhydric symptoms. (kspbtjpb.org)
  • Cytokinin moves from the roots into the shoots, eventually signaling lateral bud growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • How are these cytokinin activities linked to other cellular signaling pathways? (fu-berlin.de)
  • SPL8 Acts Together with the Brassinosteroid-Signaling Component BIM1 in Controlling Arabidopsis thaliana Male Fertility. (mpg.de)
  • Autoregulation of RCO by low-affinity binding modulates cytokinin action and shapes leaf diversity. (mpg.de)
  • According to the "direct inhibition hypothesis", these effects result from the ratio of cytokinin to auxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings reveal that modulation of cytokinin levels via CKX inhibition can positively affect plant growth, development and yield, and prove that CKX inhibitors can be an attractive target in plant biotechnology and agriculture. (rcsb.org)
  • Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. (wikipedia.org)
  • Taken together, these results suggest a correlation between the putative iGluR-like channel function and the alteration of root growth and development in the Arabidopsis roots. (intechopen.com)
  • In the present study, we have optimized the procedure of sample preparation for LCM to isolate high quality of RNA from cyst nematode induced syncytia in Arabidopsis roots which can be used for transcriptomic studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless isolating pure syncytial material and extracting good quality RNA from Arabidopsis roots for downstream application, such as microarray analyses, qPCR and RNA-seq is challenging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we describe a transcriptomic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, one used as female and the other as male. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore the properties of the shoot branching regulatory system in natural populations, we investigated the ability of a large collection of natural accessions of Arabidopsis to adjust shoot branching levels in response to nitrate supply. (europa.eu)
  • We have identified a key substance, compound 19, which not only increases stress resistance and seed yield in Arabidopsis, but also improves the yield of wheat, barley and rapeseed grains under field conditions. (rcsb.org)
  • Cytokinin is a negative regulator of root growth and promotes the secondary growth of trees. (fu-berlin.de)
  • They were tested on four CKX isoforms from maize and Arabidopsis, where the best compounds showed IC50 values in the 10-8 M concentration range. (rcsb.org)
  • Using a multi-cellular model, we also analyse the roles of cytokinin and auxin in specifying the three main regions of the primary root (elongation, transition and division zones), our simulation results being in good agreement with independent experimental observations. (edu.sa)
  • Cytokinins are involved in many plant processes, including cell division and shoot and root morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Taken together, the rock2, rock3, and rock4 mutations are interesting tools to research the effects of an enhanced cytokinin status during plant development and gave new insight into cytokinin regulated processes. (fu-berlin.de)
  • pp. 710-724) demonstrated that a pathogen-derived Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum type III effector RipL delays flowering time and enhances susceptibility to bacterial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana . (molcells.org)
  • The PGPB beneficial effects have been partially attributed to bacterial production of plant hormones, especially growth promoters like auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Although these compounds do not possess intrinsic cytokinin activity, we have demonstrated their tremendous potential for use in the plant tissue culture industry as well as in agriculture. (rcsb.org)
  • We found that Arabidopsis root system is highly sensitive to these compounds. (intechopen.com)
  • 4 estudiantes de Bioquímica (UC) en el proceso de termino de sus memoria de titulo (Fecha estimada de termino 06-2020). (anid.cl)
  • The focus of the lab is the hormone cytokinin , which is a powerful regulator of plant development and has also functions in the defense to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • To elucidate what regulates the occurrence of hyperhydricity, we investigated the effects of media components, in particular cytokinin and gelling agents which among the causal factors in in vitro propagation and in hyperhydricity development. (kspbtjpb.org)
  • In my analyses, I focused on the hypocotyl of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, since wood and bast production is very active there and the tissue patterning resembles the patterning of the vascular cambium of trees. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In conclusion, this study suggests that a mechanism of cell fate decision making in vascular cambium stem cells is based on the regulation of cytokinin signalling by WOX4 and by type-A ARRs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Effect of Nitrogen and Cytokinin on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. (ac.ir)
  • In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thyme, a three-year factorial experiment was conducted at Razi University based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. (ac.ir)
  • Factors included nitrogen levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) and cytokinin concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 μM). (ac.ir)
  • The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen × cytokinin on plant height, number of branches, leaf, stem and whole plant dry weights, essential oil percentage and yield was significant (p ≤0.01). (ac.ir)
  • With increasing the amount of nitrogen and cytokinin, all the studied traits (except harvest index) increased significantly compared to the control. (ac.ir)
  • In general, the results of this experiment showed that the quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme can be increased by consuming the appropriate amount of nitrogen and cytokinin. (ac.ir)
  • The effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on Thymus vulgaris was evaluated on the farm whitin 3 years. (ac.ir)
  • The combined use of nitrogen and cytokinin improved quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme. (ac.ir)
  • At least 20 type of putative ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR)-like channels have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. (intechopen.com)
  • Collectively, our results suggest that the type-A ARRs play an important role in heat stress response by affecting the redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis. (frontiersin.org)
  • This result supports a negative regulatory role for cytokinin in root growth regulation. (nih.gov)
  • Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Controlling the content of the plant hormone cytokinin is a method of improving plant productivity. (rcsb.org)