Cytokines subsequently induce. Medical search. Frequent questions

In vitro Modulation of the LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Profile of Hepatocytes and Macrophages- Approaches for Intervention in Obesity? (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the effects of macrophages in the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and their role in inducing fibrosis, activating T cells, reducing colitis, and treating intestinal inflammation were also reviewed in this paper. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
For example, previous studies show that cannabinoids can work as anti-inflammatory drugs, they can suppress the signaling of T cell receptors, induce apoptosis, lower the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and act on macrophages. (news-medical.net)
None of the tested forms induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells or in macrophages either. (springer.com)
Endothelial cells increase the expression of adhesion molecules, and monocytes and macrophages release proinflammatory cytokines. (medscape.com)
It activates sig-nal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and subsequently induces the suppres-sor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), resulting in the resolution of inflammatory response in macrophages. (tu-dortmund.de)
The results from this model of cognate interaction suggest that cytokine-stimulated T cells, interacting with macrophages in the rheumatoid synovial membrane, may contribute to the continuous excessive production of TNF-alpha observed in the RA joint, and to the imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines over anti-inflammatory cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, the entire gene expression profiles of M1 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, M2 BMDMs induced by interleukin (IL) - 4 and IL-13, M0 BMDMs, and M0 BMDMs after 6 h of infection with M. bovis were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. (researchsquare.com)
Confronting PM 2.5 , macrophages are able to be activated and induce inflammatory responses. (medsci.org)
Fibrogenic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induce the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in mouse lungs. (cdc.gov)
The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
M1, "classically activated," pro-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated by cytokines such as IFN-gamma and by various microbial components (eg, lipopolysaccharide). (msdmanuals.com)
M2 "alternatively activated" anti-inflammatory macrophages are stimulated predominantly by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. (msdmanuals.com)

Results: Repetitive ODE exposure induced neutrophil influx and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were profoundly reduced in MyD88 KO mice. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, IL-21 promotes differential expression of many cytokines including interleukins and chemokines. (intechopen.com)
Currently my work focuses upon the DUB/USP17 family of deubiquitinating enzymes where we have shown that USP17 (DUB-3) is induced in response to cytokines, chemokines and growth factors (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, SCF1, EGF) and that it regulates cell growth and movement. (qub.ac.uk)
Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)

These severe cases are often associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and low antiviral responses, which can cause systemic complications. (nature.com)

In the present study, we investigated the effect of LPS on the releasing function of afferent terminals as measured by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in ex vivo perfused rat trachea, and examined the possible role of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as intermediaries in this effect. (jneurosci.org)
Cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can be generated by inflammatory and nonimmune cells in response to inflammation, tissue injury, microbial invasion, and immunological reactions ( Dinarello, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
We found interleukin 1-beta (IL1b) to be one of the most highly expressed cytokines in the vulnerable brain regions 12 days after the viral-like activation. (frontiersin.org)
Cytokines release pro-inflammatory messenger molecules such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrotic factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) at high levels into the circulation. (news-medical.net)
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine that performs an irreplaceable role in negatively regulating inflammation, primarily via a mechanism that selectively blocks the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. (tu-dortmund.de)
Cytokine stimulation of T lymphocytes regulates their capacity to induce monocyte production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-10: possible relevance to pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
T cells were activated in an antigen-independent manner using the cytokines interleukin (IL)-15 or IL-2 alone, or in combination with IL-6 and TNF-alpha. (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, allergic rhinitis mice exhibited overproduction of epithelial-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-25, interleukin-33), C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26), and mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC). (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
Knockdown of SOX11 reduced epithelial-derived cytokine expression and MUC5AC levels in interleukin-13-treated human nasal mucosa epithelial cells. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
The histological feature of AR is typical type 2 inflammation is induced mainly by the type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-15, and IL-13. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
LPS results in the overexpression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contribute to LPS-induced multiple organs failure including myocardial depression [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- and interleukin-1, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (cdc.gov)

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS- First, we examined whether the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the extract from Agkistrodon halys venom on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Periodontal pathogens can, thus, disseminate through the blood and can contribute to development of adverse systemic effects by direct (endothelial injury or dysfunction) indirect (through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated cytokine profiles) mechanisms [8]. (bvsalud.org)

Previous studies have demonstrated that curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg orally in mice and 60 mg/kg in rats reduced concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inhibited oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity [ 7 ] [ 8 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
An alcohol-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the mouse brain is closely linked to neurodegeneration[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Further, CP-1158 attenuated LPS-induced syntheses of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1beta, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta transcripts. (wikigenes.org)
Previous studies in the laboratory have shown that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (ox.ac.uk)

Here, we have evaluated transcriptional and cytokine secretion profiles and detected a distinct upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in infected cell cultures and samples taken from infected patients. (nature.com)
Fixed, cytokine-stimulated T cells induced monocytes to secrete TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner, but did not induce secretion of IL-10, a potent endogenous down-regulator of TNF-alpha and other pro-inflammatory cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
5 In addition to these Th2 cell-secreted molecules, damaged airway epithelial cells participate in the sensitization process via the secretion of cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, and IL-33, to trigger Th2 immune responses. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
Knockdown of Alox5 using specific small hairpin-RNA suppressed MWCNT-induced M1 polarization, LTB4 secretion, and migration of neutrophils. (cdc.gov)

Systemic injection of LPS (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats induced an increase in body temperature followed by hypothermia, indicating ongoing infection. (jneurosci.org)
This is relevant to understanding the current coronavirus outbreak, in particular as it has been reported that individuals who have been cleared of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) then die several days later in what appears to be a fulminant systemic inflammation in part caused by excessive cytokine elevations. (frontiersin.org)
Systemic inflammation evoked by LPS also produced greater increases in proinflammatory cytokines, pentraxin 3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription in prion-diseased mice than in control mice and induced microglial expression of IL-1β. (jneurosci.org)
The finding that a single acute systemic inflammatory event can induce neuronal death in the CNS has implications for therapy in neurodegenerative diseases. (jneurosci.org)
The cytokine storm then induces systemic vasodilation and increases vascular permeability, thus leading to thrombotic complications, pulmonary edema, and multi-organ failure. (news-medical.net)

Brain inflammation in animal models of these diseases is dominated by chronic microglial activation with minimal proinflammatory cytokine expression. (jneurosci.org)
To achieve this, we assessed proinflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, and expression of effector enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) after intracerebral and intraperitoneal LPS challenges. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, PD-L1-transfected MBMMSCs (PD-L1-MBMMSCs) ameliorated joint damage, reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression, and inhibited T and B cell activation. (hscn.org)

In comparison, ODE-induced cellular aggregates, B cells, mast cell infiltrates and serum IgE levels remained elevated in KO mice and mucous cell metaplasia was increased. (cdc.gov)
We recruited 160 healthy volunteers for experiment 1 and compared peripheral inflammatory markers, namely the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, between perceived high-happiness and low-happiness groups. (nel.edu)
Cytokine and chemokine levels in serum from patients with imported and autochthonous typhus group rickettsiosis and controls, Germany, 2010-2017. (cdc.gov)
Most serum cytokine levels started to increase in the first week of illness, peaked in the second week, and then started to decline again, except for IL-21 and IL-22, which reached their highest levels in the third week after symptom onset. (cdc.gov)
Some COVID-19 patients with diarrhea exhibit higher serum cytokine levels, likely due to the viral protein binding to epithelial cell proteins that help form tight junctions. (news-medical.net)
Extract pretreatment significantly decreased the level of serum CK and LDH, reduced the generation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and also reduced serum level of MDA in the LPS + extract group compared with the LPS group. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, GLI1 expression in the synovial tissue of RA patients was positively correlated with RA-related scores and was highly expressed in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse articular macrophage-like cells. (elifesciences.org)
The mechanisms involved in regulating monocyte/macrophage cytokine production are not yet fully understood, but are thought to involve both soluble factors and cell/cell contact with other cell types. (ox.ac.uk)
Afterwards, whether Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) an important intermediate regulator in various physiological processes takes part in the macrophage polarization induced by PM 2.5 is unknown. (medsci.org)

We studied the specific interleukins (which are cytokines) that peaked around 12-14 days. (frontiersin.org)

Conclusions These data indicate that curcumin has nephroprotective properties against cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats and this effect is associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis profiles, in addition to its antioxidant. (thieme-connect.com)
However, the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in the cisplatin-induced kidney damage have not been explored. (thieme-connect.com)
Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of curcumin in cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)
A soluble version of the type II receptor is induced by anti-inflammatory agents such as glucocorticoids, IL-4 and IL-13. (rndsystems.com)

This phosphorylation activates Parkin by inducing dimerization, an active state. (wikipedia.org)
Also, cisplatin increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-κB expression, which subsequently increased mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, KIM-1, NGAL, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as decreased mRNA expression of IL-10 in kidney tissues. (thieme-connect.com)
For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. (joplink.net)
Moreover, PPE significantly decreased the production of various cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IgE, in addition to suppressed the production of key inflammation-related enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) and decreased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in AD-like skin samples. (bvsalud.org)

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S/V on the expression of metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, the findings suggested that S/V could downregulate the expression of MALAT1, inhibit inflammation and apoptosis and improve endothelial function in ox‑LDL‑induced HUVECs via inactivating the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Objective In addition to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis have an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced kidney damage. (thieme-connect.com)
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against cisplatin-induced kidney inflammation and apoptosis in rats. (thieme-connect.com)
Pre-treatment with curcumin significantly ameliorated inflammation and apoptosis induced by cisplatin. (thieme-connect.com)
Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
9 ] reported curcumin administration provided protection against cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis. (thieme-connect.com)
It is also known that cannabinoids can induce apoptosis. (news-medical.net)
In this model, none of the tested lactoferrin forms induced higher levels of apoptosis or necrosis. (springer.com)
Subsequently, caspase 8 is released from DISC and induces activation of caspase 3 and 7, proteolysis of cellular components, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)

A significant number of illnesses of individuals with alcoholic liver diseases can be explained readily by a high level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines[ 1 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Association between perceived happiness levels and peripheral circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in middle-aged adults in Japan. (nel.edu)
Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Tsuboi H, Kawanishi Y, Kaneko H, Kasugai K, Yoneda M, Ohira H. Association between perceived happiness levels and peripheral circulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in middle-aged adults in Japan. (nel.edu)

Subsequently, T cells were fixed and incubated with monocytes. (ox.ac.uk)

However, when we added oxidative stress in the vulnerable brain region of PD (a double-hit model), by infusing mild neurotoxins at the peak of this cytokine activation (12 days after the viral RNA exposure), the brain dopaminergic neurons died at a much higher rate than without the cytokines-in this way representing a model of PEPD. (frontiersin.org)
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is widely recognized to participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis through inducing oxidative chain reaction and endothelial dysfunction ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, NPs deposited onto the brain induce oxidative damage and degenerate learning and memory, resulting in neurodegeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: For reaching this aim, DNCB-induced mice with AD-like skin inflammation were subjected to topical administration of PPE gels for a period of 21 days, and subsequently, the biological impacts of PPE were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: PPE gels effectively mitigated AD-like skin symptoms induced by DNCB in mice, as demonstrated by a marked reduction in epidermal thickness and dermatitis severity. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, PPE treatment inhibited the abnormally elevated CD4+/CD8+ ratio in DNCB-induced AD mice. (bvsalud.org)
The study overexpressed PD-L1 by constructing a recombinant of PD-L1-lentiviral vector, which was subsequently used to transfect mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMMSCs) and significantly suppressed the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1j mice. (hscn.org)

this is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, to differentiate the disease from alcohol-induced liver injury, either of which can progress to cirrhosis. (frontiersin.org)

Our previous study found that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury and the combination therapy of surfactant and human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) did not have additive effects on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. (biomedcentral.com)
To evaluate the effect of crude extract and essential oil of Cordia verbenacea (C.V.), systemically administered, on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. (bvsalud.org)
Periodontitis was induced in 54 Wistar rats: one of the first mandibular molars was randomly assigned to receive a ligature, whereas the contralateral molar was left unligated. (bvsalud.org)

Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
Expression of ODE-induced tight junction protein(s) was also MyD88-dependent. (cdc.gov)
Previous studies have shown that the expression of MALAT1 is increased in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL and its expression level can reflect the damage degree of endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Expression levels of SOX11, epithelial-derived cytokines, and mucin were determined in both modesls. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
9 In lung fibroblasts, expression of IL-13-induced inflammation-related factors (such as CCL26) was downregulated by silencing SOX11. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
The lowered MLIs and cytokines and the increased VEGF expression and vascular density indicated that the surfactant and surfactant + hUC-MSCs (3 × 10 4 cells) treatment attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Fas-activated DCs increase the expression of MHC II, B7 co-stimulatory molecules, and DC-lysosome-associated membrane proteins (DC-LAMP), and secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. (biolegend.com)
The MWCNTs induced the expression of CD68 and that induction persisted for up to 3days post-exposure. (cdc.gov)

CONCLUSIONS: PPE exhibits potential as a safe therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis by efficiently mitigating DNCB-induced atopic symptoms and diminishing inflammation, and does not carry the risk of over-immunosuppression or treatment-associated adverse effects. (bvsalud.org)
Although triggers induce inflammation through different pathways, the resulting effects all lead to increased bronchial reactivity. (medscape.com)

Infection of other cell types possessing ACE2 receptors has been described including the epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, heart, and blood vessels inducing cardiotropic damage [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)

TGF‑β1 (2 ng/ml) was used to induce renal fibrosis in the cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, these data implicate the role of T cells in SSc and suggest that Th2-polarized T cells and the fibrotic mediators subsequently released directly induce fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Targeting such cytokines may be therapeutic not only in SSc but more generally in diseases where fibrosis is directed by inflammatory signals. (nih.gov)

However, intermediate-sized complexes that develop in the context of slight antigen excess may deposit in blood vessel walls and tissues, where they induce vascular and tissue damage resulting from activation of complement and granulocytes. (medscape.com)

Thirteen hub genes were subsequently identified based on connectivity degree analysis and multiple external validations. (researchsquare.com)
Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion. (joplink.net)

Subsequently, we have demonstrated that USP17 modulates signalling through the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway due to its regulation of Ras processing and localisation. (qub.ac.uk)
This study provided a new way how NPs, such as ZnO NPs, induce neuroinflammation via the taste nerve translocation pathway, a new mechanism for ZnO NPs-induced neuroinflammation and a new direction for nanomaterial toxicity analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggested that PM 2.5 induces the inflammatory M1 polarization and TLR4/NF-κB signal transduction pathway might be involved in the process. (medsci.org)

Silencing SOX11 alleviated the behavioral symptoms and upregulation of epithelial-derived cytokines, CCL26, and MUC5AC. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)

MyD88 regulates a prolonged adaptation response to environmental dust exposure-induced lung disease. (cdc.gov)

SOX11 plays a critical role in allergic rhinitis development by regulating epithelial-derived cytokines and might be a new therapeutic target for allergic rhinitis. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)

Exposure of the peripheral C-fiber terminals to inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotriences, and protons induces depolarization of the terminals as evidenced by the generation of action potentials and/or sensitization of the terminals ( Basbaum, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)

Therapies aimed at modulating immune activation to attenuate the detrimental inflammatory response or promote an antiviral cytokine response represent an important avenue for treating patients with severe COVID-19. (nature.com)
In a previous study, we proposed that microglia in the prion-diseased brain are in a "primed" state, and subsequent challenges, either centrally or systemically, result in an amplified cytokine and inflammatory response. (jneurosci.org)

Many of these effects are secondary to the production of cytokines. (jneurosci.org)
The present work seeks to establish two points: (1) an important target of the action of LPS is the peripheral terminal of sensory afferents, and (2) this action may be secondary to the production of cytokines. (jneurosci.org)
The effects of LPS appear to be secondary to the production of cytokines ( Morrison, 1987 ). (jneurosci.org)
Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
This immune-mediated disorder involves both innate and adaptive cellular compartments as well as their dysregulated cytokine production. (elifesciences.org)
We summarise the pathophysiological regulatory processes of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, in hyperplasia, hypertrophy, ECM production and cytokine production in asthmatic ASMCs. (ersjournals.com)
Role of yogurt as probiotic in improvement of immunity, production of cytokines and on immune function has been evaluated. (tu-dortmund.de)
We and others have previously demonstrated that T cells activated through the T cell receptor/CD3 complex induce monocyte TNF-alpha production by contact-mediated signals. (ox.ac.uk)
In this report, we investigated further whether T cells activated by cytokines in the absence of T cell receptor stimulation also regulate monocyte cytokine production. (ox.ac.uk)
Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)
1 The clinical manifestations of AR are caused by a series of inhalant allergen-induced type 2 helper T (Th2) cell responses, including excessive allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) release, mast cell activation, eosinophil infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
10 These studies demonstrate the ability of SOX11 to regulate inflammatory responses and epithelial-derived cytokines. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)

Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. (joplink.net)
The proteins are synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that are subsequently cleaved into proteins with molecular weights of approximately 17.5 kDa. (rndsystems.com)

HDE-induced lung inflammatory aggregates clearly present in the tissue from HDE only exposed animals were not visually detectable in the HDE/alcohol co-exposure group. (cdc.gov)

In particular, it highlights that recording evidence of excessive cytokine activations in patients in the wake of successful elimination of propagating viruses, such as coronaviruses, could be very informative for anticipating future cases of certain neurological diseases. (frontiersin.org)
The cytokine storm , characterized by the excessive release of cytokines, often occurs in severe COVID-19. (news-medical.net)

ED 50 = 10 - 50 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 0.02 - 0.1 x 10 6 units/mg, as determined by inhibition of apoptotic cell death induced by FASL on Jurkat cells. (biolegend.com)

Therefore, the present study investigated the role of systemically administered C. verbenacea in induced-ligature periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)

Containing respirable crystalline silica, FSD could pose hazards similar to those found in work sites where silica inhalation induces lung disease such as silicosis. (cdc.gov)

MiRNA usually binds directly to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target gene mRNA through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) [ 15 , 16 ]. (ersjournals.com)

IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce a wide variety of biological activities on different cell types. (rndsystems.com)

Thus, we propose a hypothesis, PM 2.5 exposure induces M1 polarization and miR-146a-3p is a potential upstream regulator by targeting SIRT1. (medsci.org)

The specific agonist and antagonist of SIRT1 were used to explore the potential role of SIRT1 in M1 polarization induced by PM 2.5 . (medsci.org)
Pre-treatment with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 rescued the PM 2.5 induced M1 response. (medsci.org)

We found that circulating levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which can affect brain functions and induce depressive symptoms, were lower in the high-happiness group than in the low-happiness group. (nel.edu)

The expressions of cytokines and key molecular markers were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. (medsci.org)
Here we examined the molecular mechanism by which multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs, Mitsui-7) induce M1 polarization invitro. (cdc.gov)

WNV-infected RPE did not produce any interferon-γ, suggesting that IDO1 is induced by other soluble factors, by the virus alone, or both. (molvis.org)
Subsequently, the investigators identified a specific clone as containing pro-proliferative effects that was sensitive to neutralization by the soluble IL-21R. (intechopen.com)

There are several pathways by which mitophagy is induced in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism underlying how ZnO NPs induce neuroinflammation via the Ca 2+ -dependent NF-κB, ERK and p38 activation pathways was verified at the cytological level. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased happiness may suppress the peripheral circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (nel.edu)

Anatomy44

Organisms10

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Macrophages15

Chemokines4

Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines1

Interleukin13

Lipopolysaccharide3

Tumor4

Secretion4

Systemic5

Proinflammatory cytokine expression3

Serum6

Macrophage3

Interleukins1

Anti-inflammatory5

Phosphorylation4

Apoptosis10

Circulating pro-inflammatory3

Monocytes1

Oxidative3

Mice5

Alcohol-induced liver injury1

Rats3

Expression8

Inflammation2

Infection1

Fibrosis3

Vascular1

Genes2

Pathway3

Upregulation1

Regulates1

Therapeutic1

Mediators1

Inflammatory response2

Production11

Responses3

Proteins2

Tissue1

Excessive2

Inhibition1

Systemically1

Lung disease1

MRNA1

Potent1

Exposure1

Agonist2

Symptoms1

Molecular2

Soluble2

Pathways2

Circulation1