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Nitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseCytokinesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IINitric Oxide Synthase Type IIINitric Oxide DonorsNitric Oxide Synthase Type ING-Nitroarginine Methyl EsterNitritesArginineomega-N-MethylarginineEnzyme InhibitorsNitratesAmino Acid OxidoreductasesCells, CulturedNitrogen OxidesS-Nitroso-N-AcetylpenicillamineCyclic GMPTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaEndothelium, VascularOxidesNitroprussidePenicillamineLipopolysaccharidesInterferon-gammaVasodilationInterleukin-1Rats, Sprague-DawleyRNA, MessengerMice, Inbred C57BLMolsidomineMacrophagesInterleukin-6Guanylate CyclaseNitroarginineS-NitrosoglutathioneRats, WistarDose-Response Relationship, DrugSignal TransductionVasodilator AgentsInflammationS-NitrosothiolsMice, KnockoutEnzyme InductionInflammation MediatorsZinc OxideDisease Models, AnimalNADPH DehydrogenasePeroxynitrous AcidSuperoxidesTime FactorsIndazolesInterleukin-1betaCell LineNF-kappa BOxadiazolesInterleukin-10GuanidinesAcetylcholineFree Radical ScavengersBreath TestsExhalationBlood PressureMacrophage ActivationOxidative StressLungBlotting, WesternMice, Inbred BALB CImmunohistochemistryGene Expression RegulationAdministration, InhalationMacrophages, PeritonealInterleukin-4Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionAortaUp-RegulationArginaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicVasoconstrictionReactive Oxygen SpeciesMuscle, Smooth, VascularTriazenesEndothelial CellsTh2 CellsInterleukinsGene ExpressionEnzyme ActivationApoptosisMuscle RelaxationAnti-Inflammatory AgentsRegional Blood FlowOxygenInterleukin-8HydrazinesRecombinant ProteinsOxidation-ReductionNitrosationIndomethacinCyclooxygenase 2Th1 Cells
SynthaseTumor necroMediatorsOxidative stressProinflammatory cytokineInflammatoryMacrophageSynthesisEndotoxinInterleukinLipopolysaccharide inducedSubstancesInductionSystematic reviewMicrogliaMoleculeReactiveBiopterinInvolvementInfectionSeptic shockProteinsRoleMETHODSLevelsImmuneProductionFindingsCellReleaseSubjectPotential
Synthase11
  • The results presented here support previous suggestions, based on experiments with isolated enzymes, that BH4 is absolutely required for cytokine-stimulated nitric oxide production in macrophages and they suggest that only a small fraction of the total intracellular BH4 pool in macrophages is utilized in the production of fully active nitric oxide synthase. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Nitric oxide synthase, inducible is an enzyme which is encoded by the NOS2 gene in humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitric oxide synthase is expressed in epithelial cells of the liver, lung and bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caveolin 1 has been shown to interact with Nitric oxide synthase 2A. (wikipedia.org)
  • They lack the gene encoding nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) and are susceptible to murine CMV infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • The only loss-of-function variant was a homozygous frameshift mutation in nitric oxide synthase 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have previously reported that LPS-mediated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling, through increases in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), plays an important role in the development of ALI through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. (nih.gov)
  • Previously, we identified inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an essential enzyme for development and reversal of smoke-induced PH and emphysema, and showed that iNOS expression in bone-marrow-derived cells drives pulmonary vascular remodelling, but not parenchymal destruction. (ersjournals.com)
  • Mucosal mRNA levels were 100 times greater for interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin (IL) 15, 60 times greater for tumour necrosis factor α, and 35 times greater for inducible nitric oxide synthase in MC compared with controls. (bmj.com)
  • MC demonstrates a T H 1 mucosal cytokine profile with IFNγ as the predominantly upregulated cytokine, with concurrent induction of nitric oxide synthase and down regulation of IFNγ-related cell junction proteins. (bmj.com)
  • Intense discussions were held on the usefulness or danger of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors as well as on the application of exogenous nitric oxide or nitric oxide donors. (powells.com)
Tumor necro3
  • OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin G (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on vitreous humor following retinal laser photocoagulation. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • Data from animal studies and clinical studies support the role of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the early stages of fatty liver, as well as in alcoholic steatohepatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs to recover phagocytes and BAL fluid to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO) and immunomodulatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10. (cdc.gov)
Mediators4
  • The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the vasoactive substances ET-1 and nitric oxide (NO) in intermediate/cold type CRPS1 in relation to inflammatory mediators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strikingly, C . jejuni induced intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators (such as IL-6, MCP-1, TNF and nitric oxide) could be alleviated by peroral L . johnsonii challenge. (nature.com)
  • Because human septic shock involves excessive inflammatory cytokine production, we investigated the effect of cortistatin on the production of inflammatory mediators and its therapeutic action in various murine models of endotoxemia. (rupress.org)
  • The therapeutic effect of cortistatin was mediated by decreasing the local and systemic levels of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins. (rupress.org)
Oxidative stress2
Proinflammatory cytokine1
  • Intracerebral disulfide HMGB-1 mimicked the effect of the stressor, because microglia isolated from HMGB-1-treated rats expressed exaggerated NLRP3 and proinflammatory cytokine expression after LPS treatment, whereas fully reduced HMGB-1 had no effect. (jneurosci.org)
Inflammatory7
  • Influence of Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood (ILIB) on inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in vivo: a systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
  • To analyze works that evaluated the influence of ILIB on inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in animals and humans . (bvsalud.org)
  • An increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines , a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in NO can be observed. (bvsalud.org)
  • After 24 hours, we found that eNOS-/-mice were protected against the LPS mediated increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, and lung injury. (nih.gov)
  • Cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can be generated by inflammatory and nonimmune cells in response to inflammation, tissue injury, microbial invasion, and immunological reactions ( Dinarello, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Schisandra chinensis -lignans inhibited especially the release of nitric oxide in both C. pneumoniae -infected and LPS-stimulated cells which may tell about their broad anti-inflammatory properties. (helsinki.fi)
  • The overproduction of inflammatory cytokines generates systemic activation, which affects vascular permeability and cardiac function and induces metabolic changes that can lead to tissue necrosis and eventually to multiple-organ failure and death. (rupress.org)
Macrophage2
Synthesis3
Endotoxin2
  • These findings suggest that endotoxin treatment generated cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α that regulated the peripheral releasing function of primary sensory afferents by sensitizing the terminals and facilitating peptide release. (jneurosci.org)
  • It is now recognized that nitric oxide is induced by endotoxin and cytokines and plays a central role in infectious diseases, hemorrhage and ischemia. (powells.com)
Interleukin1
  • In the present study, we investigated the effect of LPS on the releasing function of afferent terminals as measured by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in ex vivo perfused rat trachea, and examined the possible role of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as intermediaries in this effect. (jneurosci.org)
Lipopolysaccharide induced1
Substances1
Induction3
  • Activation of astrocytes by advanced glycation end products: cytokines induction and nitric oxide release. (chinaphar.com)
  • Furthermore, activation of Nod1 and Nod2 by live bacteria triggers proinflammatory responses, leading to the induction of cytokine and chemokines [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, our group and others have demonstrated that MyD88 is essential for host control of Brucella infection in vivo and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
Systematic review1
  • Association between single-nucleotide polymorphism of cytokines genes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
Microglia2
Molecule2
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anti-chlamydial compounds on the release of cytokines and cell signaling molecule, nitric oxide, induced by C. pneumoniae -infection in different cell types. (helsinki.fi)
  • Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that regulates a diverse range of physiological and cellular processes in many tissues. (intechopen.com)
Reactive2
  • citation needed] Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical mediating in neurotransmission, antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophages play a significant role in many processes, such as the human immune function, parasite infection, and tissue remodeling by secreting cytokines and producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. (frontiersin.org)
Biopterin1
  • Nitric oxide and biopterin: a study in Chiaroscuro. (jci.org)
Involvement1
  • The involvement of nitric oxide species in regulation of endometrial and ovarian function, etiopathogenesis of endometriosis, and maintenance of uterine quiescence, initiation of labour and ripening of cervix at parturition is discussed. (nih.gov)
Infection3
  • In conclusion, pretreatment with MMA-SS increased production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) after infection, which are likely responsible for the elevation in lung inflammation and injury. (cdc.gov)
  • The concentrations of cytokines in the cell medium were measured after infection using ELISA-method. (helsinki.fi)
  • Further research is needed concerning the effects of these compounds on cytokines and especially on chronic infection. (helsinki.fi)
Septic shock2
  • International experts examine the role of nitric oxide in various metabolic events such as septic shock, cardiovascular dysfunction, and trauma and hemorrhagic shock. (powells.com)
  • The septic shock syndrome is characterized by a hyperactive and out-of-balance network of endogenous proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-12, IL-6, and IFNγ ( 2 ). (rupress.org)
Proteins1
  • Biopsy specimens were also taken to determine the cellular expression of cytokine and cytokine-related proteins using immunohistochemistry. (bmj.com)
Role2
  • Serum leptin, a cytokine-type peptide hormone mainly produced by adipocytes, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of steatosis. (medscape.com)
  • The review also addresses the growing literature on the role of nitric oxide species in female reproduction. (nih.gov)
METHODS1
  • METHODS: Radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR technique were used to detect two cytokines' level and existence of receptor for AGE (RAGE). (chinaphar.com)
Levels4
  • RESULTS: Enhanced protein levels of both cytokines in supernatants and cell lysates of astroglia cultures were detected after treated with AGE-BSA 1 g/L, especially Gal-BSA, for 72 h. (chinaphar.com)
  • The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • Apart from a trend for increased levels of IL10, levels of other T helper cell type 2 (T H 2) cytokines including IL2 and IL4 were too low to be accurately quantified. (bmj.com)
  • This study evaluated the acute effects of a single 30-min session of WPS on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels, pulmonary function test results, vital signs, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) levels, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokine levels in volunteers in a domestic, open-air, group smoking setting. (who.int)
Immune2
  • Too strong cytokine and immune response is detrimental to cells and to whole system. (helsinki.fi)
  • In the caterpillar's brain, a massive immune reaction is taking place-the invertebrate equivalent of a cytokine storm-and among the factors being released is an invertebrate neurohormone called octopamine. (the-scientist.com)
Production3
  • Many of these effects are secondary to the production of cytokines. (jneurosci.org)
  • The present work seeks to establish two points: (1) an important target of the action of LPS is the peripheral terminal of sensory afferents, and (2) this action may be secondary to the production of cytokines. (jneurosci.org)
  • The effects of LPS appear to be secondary to the production of cytokines ( Morrison, 1987 ). (jneurosci.org)
Findings1
  • At the fourth Wiggers Bernard Conference, a group of 20 scientists from various fields discussed new findings relating to nitric oxide in shock, sepsis, and organ failure. (powells.com)
Cell1
  • C. pneumoniae induces the secretion of different kinds of cytokines and cell signalling molecules and the expression of adhesion molecules in all of these cell types. (helsinki.fi)
Release2
  • All the groups of compounds showed desired effects on the release of cytokines and nitric oxide. (helsinki.fi)
  • Especially β2,2-amino acid derivatives reduced clearly the release of both cytokines and nitric oxide. (helsinki.fi)
Subject2
  • Is the Subject Area "Nitric oxide" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • Is the Subject Area "Cytokines" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Potential1
  • To characterise the mucosal cytokine profile of MC, with a view to understanding its potential pathogenic mechanisms. (bmj.com)