Cysteine rich protein protein interaction domains and motifs. Medical search. Frequent questions

Secreted Protein Acid Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), also known as ON (osteonectin) and BM-40 (basement-membrane protein 40), is a prototypic member of the SPARC family of proteins, a diverse group of proteins that each have an acidic domain, a follistatin-like domain and an extracellular calcium binding E-F hand motif. (exalpha.com)

They consist of two zinc-binding motifs that resemble GATA-like Znf's, however the residues holding the zinc atom(s) are variable, involving Cys, His, Asp or Glu residues. (embl.de)
FN2 is followed by a transmembrane (TM) helix, and an intracellular part consisting of a juxtamembrane (JM) region with several conserved tyrosine (Y) residues, a tyrosine kinase domain, a sterile-α motif (SAM) protein-protein interaction domain, and a C-terminal Psd-95, Dlg and ZO1 domain (PDZ)-binding motif ( Pasquale, 2008 ). (silverchair.com)
The cytoplasmic domain contains a juxtamembrane motif with two tyrosine residues, which are the major autophosphorylation sites, a kinase domain, and a conserved sterile alpha motif (SAM) (5). (rndsystems.com)
With respect to the interaction with lipid membranes, the most important structural motif is its basic region, including 6 arginine and 2 lysine residues. (uni-goettingen.de)
The C1 region contains one or two copies (depending on the isozyme of PKC) of a cysteine-rich domain, which is about 50 amino-acid residues long, and which is essential for DAG/PE-binding. (embl-heidelberg.de)
It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 1 in that it contains basic N-terminal amino acid residues. (lookformedical.com)
PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
Following the evaluation of the model and the identification of motifs characteristic of the Flaviviridae family, data from previous publications on the treatment of HCV were incorporated, with the aim of detecting the ideal residues in the Spondweni model, which are similar to those of the HCV structure and are inhibitor targets. (spandidos-publications.com)
The cytoplasmic region contains a juxtamembrane motif with two tyrosine residues which are the major autophosphorylation sites, a kinase domain, and a conserved sterile alpha motif (SAM) in the carboxy tail which contains one conserved tyrosine residue. (rndsystems.com)
The γ2 subunit of GABAARs selleck inhibitor is subject to palmitoylation at cytoplasmic cysteine residues, and this modification regulates the accumulation of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses (Keller et al. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

Rhombotin 1 (RBTN1 or TTG-1) and rhombotin-2 (RBTN2 or TTG-2) are proteins of about 160 amino acids whose genes are disrupted by chromosomal translocations in T-cell leukemia. (embl.de)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
1999). TCP genes encode structurally related proteins that are implicated in the evolution of key morphological traits (Li, 2015). (grassius.org)
The reports on base sequences of spider silk protein genes have gained importance as the mechanical properties of silk fibers have been revealed. (bioone.org)
This domain occurred 348 times on human genes ( 787 proteins). (umbc.edu)
This domain occurred 232 times on human genes ( 552 proteins). (umbc.edu)
In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Further fine mapping in a large population with over 1,000 F 2 plants narrowed this region to 39.08 Kb harboring two genes, Cla97C01G008760 and Cla97C01G008770 , which encode phytoene synthase ( ClPsy1 ) and GATA zinc finger domain-containing protein, respectively. (researchsquare.com)
HCM is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and, in about 40% of patients, the causal mutation is identified in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. (mdpi.com)
Characterisation of a cluster of genes encoding Theileria annulata AT hook DNA-binding proteins and evidence for localisation to the host cell nucleus. (lookformedical.com)

LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. (wikipedia.org)
this motif is highly conserved in predicted ARNIP-homologous proteins from several other species. (endocrinology-journals.org)
TCP proteins are characterized by a highly conserved, approximately 60 residue TCP domain in the N-terminal region, which contains a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structure involved in DNA binding and protein interactions (Cubas et al. (grassius.org)

The binding of PKC epsilon to actin required that the kinase be activated, presumably to expose a cryptic binding site that we have identified and shown to be located between the first and second cysteine-rich regions within the regulatory domain of only this individual isoform of PKC. (rupress.org)
The second cysteine-rich (Cys2) domain of rat brain PKC-gamma was expressed and labeled with 15N and 13C, and the solution structure was determined to high resolution using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR methods. (embl-heidelberg.de)

LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. (wikipedia.org)
PKClambda/iota belongs to the third group of the PKC family, atypical PKC (aPKC), together with PKCzeta based on its sequence divergence from conventional and novel PKCs observed not only in the N-terminal regulatory domain but also in the kinase domain. (kactusbio.com)

The mouse EphA5 cDNA encodes an 877 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes a 26 aa signal sequence, a 386 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 444 aa cytoplasmic domain (5). (rndsystems.com)
As the main component, extracellular structure contains some cysteine-rich repeats domains marked as D1-D2-D3 in GFRα1-3, and D2-D3 in GFRα4 ( Figure 1 a ). (medsci.org)
ii) Determination of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib extracellular domain and von Willebrand factor A1 domain structures (iii) determination of the coagulation factor xi structure. (nottingham.ac.uk)
TrkA is a member of the Trk subfamily of proteins, which are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular region with arrays of leucine-rich motifs flanked by two cysteine-rich clusters followed by two immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular catalytic domain. (umbc.edu)
The biological and pathological functions of ADAMTS proteases are determined broadly by their respective substrates and their interactions with proteins in the pericellular and extracellular matrix. (encyclopedia.pub)
The family of a d isintegrin-like a nd m etalloprotease with t hrombo s pondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS) comprises 19 secreted metalloproteases, which are primarily involved in the formation, remodeling and/or degradation of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
There are two classes of receptors, designated A and B. Both the A and B class receptors have an extracellular region consisting of a globular domain, a cysteine-rich domain, and two fibronectin type III domains. (rndsystems.com)
The extracellular domains of human and mouse EphB2 share 99% amino acid identity. (rndsystems.com)
The SPARC family of proteins represents a diverse group of proteins that modulate cell interaction with the extracellular milieu. (citationimpact.com)
Each shares a follistatin-like domain and an extracellular calcium binding E-F hand motif. (citationimpact.com)
Reports suggest that SPARC binds to numerous different extracellular matrix (ECM) components and growth factors to modulate cell-matrix interaction and cell function. (exalpha.com)

Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3. (embl.de)
Zinc-binding domain family. (embl.de)
This entry represents LIM-type zinc finger (Znf) domains. (embl.de)
LIM domains coordinate one or more zinc atoms, and are named after the three proteins (LIN-11, Isl1 and MEC-3) in which they were first found. (embl.de)
Zinc finger (Znf) domains are relatively small protein motifs which contain multiple finger-like protrusions that make tandem contacts with their target molecule. (embl.de)
Zinc-binding motifs are stable structures, and they rarely undergo conformational changes upon binding their target. (embl.de)
Mammalian cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP), a small protein which seems to have a role in zinc absorption and may function as an intracellular zinc transport protein. (embl.de)
We showed that the protein does not form pores in LUVs and GUVs, while a truncated version of the protein lacking the ordered proline- and cysteine-rich region, responsible for forming a zinc finger motif and a mutant with a reduced basic cluster do form pores. (uni-goettingen.de)
This entry represents RING-type zinc finger domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The 3D structure of the zinc ligation system is unique to the RING domain and is referred to as the 'cross-brace' motif. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The spacing of the cysteines in such a domain is C-x(2)-C-x(9 to 39)-C-x(1 to 3)-H-x(2 to 3)-C-x(2)-C-x(4 to 48)-C-x(2)-C. Metal ligand pairs one and three co-ordinate to bind one zinc ion, whilst pairs two and four bind the second. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Zinc-binding domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)
C1 domains are compact alpha/beta structural units of about 50 amino acids which tightly bind two zinc ions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The data also suggest that half of the domain, including the phorbol site and one of the zinc sites, is capable of inserting into membranes. (embl-heidelberg.de)

LIM kinase-1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase-2 (LIMK2) are actin-binding kinases that phosphorylate members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin binding and filament severing proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Identification and localization of an actin-binding motif that is unique to the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C and participates in the regulation of synaptic function. (rupress.org)
In this study, we show that an isoform specific interaction between PKC epsilon and filamentous actin may serve as a necessary prelude to the enhancement of glutamate exocytosis from nerve terminals. (rupress.org)
Using a combination of cosedimentation, overlay, and direct binding assays, we demonstrate that filamentous actin is a principal anchoring protein for PKC epsilon within intact nerve endings. (rupress.org)
The unusual stability and direct nature of this physical interaction indicate that actin filaments represent a new class of PKC-binding protein. (rupress.org)
Thus, actin appears to be a bifunctional anchoring protein that is specific for the PKC epsilon isoform. (rupress.org)
Keap1 is a cysteine-rich protein, known to be anchored to actin cytoskeleton [ 5 ], serving as an adaptor protein for the Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (springer.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Individual isoforms of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of kinases may have assumed distinct responsibilities for the control of complex and diverse cellular functions. (rupress.org)
Vertebrate protein kinases LIMK-1 and LIMK-2. (embl.de)
The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)

They exclusively bind membrane-tethered ligands known as ephrin proteins. (silverchair.com)
The interaction of EphA5 with its ligands is also involved in the topographic projection of hippocampal, olfactory, and retinotectal neurons (6). (rndsystems.com)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
the ligands of these metal ions are probably the six cysteines and two histidines that are conserved in this domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Classical protein kinase C (PKC) family members are activated by the binding of various ligands to one of several cysteine-rich domains of the enzyme. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Research interests include determining protein structures and studying the structure/function of complexes formed with drugs and natural ligands. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Although one of the most distinct features of aPKC is its single, unrepeated cysteine-rich domain, recent studies have revealed that the N-terminal regulatory domain has additional aPKC-specific structural motifs involved in various protein-protein interactions, which are important for the regulation and the subcellular targeting of aPKC. (kactusbio.com)
This review aims to link recent molecular data, often translated into amino acid sequences and predicted three dimensional structural motifs, to known mechanical properties. (bioone.org)

Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. (embl.de)
This shift has been made possible in part by a growing number of solved protein structures, often in complex with DNA, and elegant single-molecule approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
We also have collaborative interests in determining structures of protein complexes formed with anti-cancer and anti-thrombosis inhibitors. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. (lookformedical.com)
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. (lookformedical.com)

Full length human recombinant protein of human LIMK1 produced in HEK293T cell. (thermofisher.com)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)

Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. (embl.de)

With the exception of ForI and ForC all other formins conform to the domain structure GBD/FH3-FH1-FH2-DAD, where DAD is the Diaphanous autoinhibition domain and GBD/FH3 is the Rho GTPase-binding domain/formin homology 3 domain that we propose to represent a single domain. (biomedcentral.com)
The FH2 (formin homology 2) domain is the defining feature of all formins. (biomedcentral.com)
In most fungal and metazoan formins the FH1-FH2 core is accompanied by a less well conserved N-terminal FH3 (formin homology 3) domain involved in targeting [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Taxonomy and function of C1 protein kinase C homology domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)

a protein required for the differentiation of the set of six touch receptor neurons in this nematode. (embl.de)
The androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal domain plays a critical role in androgen-responsive gene regulation. (endocrinology-journals.org)
In contrast, the intestinal SALSA was more enriched with the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains. (researchgate.net)
Eph and ephrin proteins interact with a number of other ligand/receptor systems to influence how cells translate environmental signals to orchestrate morphogenetic events. (silverchair.com)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
To achieve this, the neuronal SNARE (i.e., soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex brings the vesicle and presynaptic membranes in close proximity, thereby, mediating the fusion of the two membranes resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (nature.com)
Binding of TrkA to its ligand, nerve growth factor (NGF), results in receptor oligomerization and activation of the catalytic domain. (umbc.edu)
The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. (frontiersin.org)
Binding of TrkC to its ligand, neurotrophin 3 (NT3), results in receptor oligomerization and activation of the catalytic domain. (umbc.edu)
Towards this aim, we are investigating toxin translocation and toxin/host receptor interactions. (psi.ch)
In the case of integral membrane proteins, however, palmitoylation may extend the effective length of an adjacent transmembrane domain, as suggested by analysis of the palmitoylation-dependent trafficking of the Wnt coreceptor LRP6 (lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6) (Abrami et al. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

They display considerable versatility in binding modes, even between members of the same class (e.g. some bind DNA, others protein), suggesting that Znf motifs are stable scaffolds that have evolved specialised functions. (embl.de)
Typically, EphA receptors bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI)-linked ephrin A proteins and EphB receptors bind to transmembrane ephrin B proteins. (silverchair.com)
Many C1 domains and C1 domain-containing proteins bind phorbol esters, but many others do not. (embl-heidelberg.de)
This hydrolysis allows the G alpha subunits to bind G beta/gamma subunit heterodimers, forming inactive G-protein heterotrimers, thereby terminating the signal. (nih.gov)

Once established, this protein-protein interaction securely anchored PKC epsilon to the cytoskeletal matrix while also serving as a chaperone that maintained the kinase in a catalytically active conformation. (rupress.org)
Plasma kallikrein structure reveals apple domain disc rotated conformation compared to factor XI. (nottingham.ac.uk)
It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)

Within the TCP domain, each subfamily differs in the length of the basic region, the composition of their bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS), the residue composition of the loop and hydrophilic faces of the helices, and the length of helix II. (grassius.org)
High-resolution structure of RGS17 suggests a role for Ca(2+) in promoting the GTPase-activating protein activity by RZ subfamily members. (nih.gov)

The ancillary domain, which mediates binding to ECM components and specific protease substrates, consists of a conserved central thrombospondin type 1 sequence repeat motif (TSR), a cysteine-rich domain and a spacer domain. (encyclopedia.pub)

Secreted a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS) proteases play crucial roles in tissue development and homeostasis. (encyclopedia.pub)
The conserved ADAMTS protease domain consists of a signal peptide to target ADAMTS proteases for secretion, a propeptide that is typically removed by furin/PACE proprotein convertases to activate ADAMTS proteases, the catalytic metalloproteinase domain itself, and a disintegrin-like domain. (encyclopedia.pub)
The subsequent C-terminal domains and their arrangement distinguish individual ADAMTS proteases and can comprise combinations of up to 14 TSRs, CUB domains, a mucin/proteoglycan domain, or the GON-1 domain [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
However, the four ADAMTS proteases show differences in the number and localization of predicted sites for posttranslational modifications, such as N-glycosylation ( http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/ ), O-fucosylation, and furin processing which could specify individual substrates, define protein-protein interactions, or govern autocatalytic properties that collectively distinguish these four ADAMTS proteases from each other. (encyclopedia.pub)

Due to glycosylation, the protein migrates to 90-110 kDa based on Tris-Bis PAGE result. (kactusbio.com)

However, it has previously been shown that deletion of the amino-terminal part of the Pol2 protein containing the Pol ε catalytic domain resulted in sick but viable yeast cells, while deletion of the carboxy-terminal part of Pol2 was lethal. (biomedcentral.com)
catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)

There are many superfamilies of Znf motifs, varying in both sequence and structure. (embl.de)
2023). Class I TCP proteins recognize the consensus binding sequence GGNCCCAC, whereas class II proteins prefer the rather similar sequence GGGNCCAC and the different specificity of both classes has been attributed to changes in the identity of a specific residue located in the basic region (Viola et al. (grassius.org)
They act to fasten the protein to an AT RICH SEQUENCE in the DNA. (lookformedical.com)

2001). PLIC-1 and its paralog PLIC-2 contain ubiquitin-like (ubl) proteasome binding domains and ubiquitin-associated (uba) domains, and the two proteins are known to interfere with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of diverse substrates ( Wu et al. (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
2001) (interaction sites of GABAAR trafficking factors in GABAAR subunit intracellular loop regions are indicated in Figure 1C). (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

Vertebrate insulin gene enhancer binding protein isl-1. (embl.de)
Isl-1 binds to one of the two cis-acting protein-binding domains of the insulin gene. (embl.de)
We established genome-wide patterns of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 modifications, and found these marks mutually exclusive within gene-rich regions but not within repeats. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, the 'facultative' heterochromatin corresponds to the deposition of H3K27me3 on gene-rich regions, whose silencing is transient and dynamic across developmental processes, allowing cell type-specific differentiation and rapid adaptation of gene expression [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A gene controlling the golden flesh trait in watermelon was firstly discovered and fine-mapped to a 39.08-Kb region on chromosome 1 through a forward genetic strategy, and Cla97C01G008760 (annotated as phytoene synthase protein, ClPsy1 ) was recognized as the most likely candidate gene. (researchsquare.com)
This gene encodes a member of the regulator of G-protein signaling family. (nih.gov)
Variation in regulator of G-protein signaling 17 gene (RGS17) is associated with multiple substance dependence diagnoses. (nih.gov)
Recently, we described the characterisation of a parasite gene (TashAT2), whose polypeptide product bears AT hook DNA-binding motifs and may be transported from the parasite to the host nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
Methods: The Latin American Epidemiological Network of ALS (LAENALS) has been established to perform a comparative analysis of ALS epidemiology between three different Latin American populations (Cuba, Uruguay and Chile), and to test the hypothesis that the demographics, phenotype and outcome of ALS are influenced by ancestral origin, and that environmental and occupational risk factors differ across different ethnicities due to subtle differences in gene- environmental interactions. (cdc.gov)

The ectodomain contains a globular ligand binding domain (LBD), a cysteine-rich region with a Sushi and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, and two fibronectin type III domains (FN1 and FN2). (silverchair.com)
The ECD contains an N-terminal globular domain, a cysteine-rich domain, and two fibronectin type III domains. (rndsystems.com)

By combining analysis of 54 C1 domain sequences with information from previously reported solution and crystal structure determinations and site-directed mutagenesis, profiles are derived and used to classify C1 domains. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The entire text of the Guide is searchable, and tools are available for identifying human protein sequences using those from other species. (cshlpress.com)
AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences. (lookformedical.com)

HIV-1 Tat belongs to the accessory proteins of HIV and has regulatory functions during the transcription of the viral RNA. (uni-goettingen.de)
Tat is a transcriptional activator protein, which stimulates RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription elongation. (uni-goettingen.de)
Tat protein is a major factor of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) transcription regulation and has other activities. (crie.ru)

The DEC-205 monomer forms a compact structure comprising two intercalated rings of C-type lectin-like domains, where the N-terminal cysteine-rich and fibronectin domains reside at the central intersection. (uci.edu)

Mutation of a single cysteine residue in the ARNIP RING-H2 domain (Cys145Ala) abolished this E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. (endocrinology-journals.org)
Thus, identification of a novel AR-interacting protein with ubiquitin ligase activity will stimulate further investigation into the role of ubiquitination and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in AR-mediated cellular functions. (endocrinology-journals.org)

By means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) the translocation of fluorescently labeled full length Tat (Tat-AF633) across lipid bilayers was visualized with a concomitant accumulation of the protein at the membrane interface. (uni-goettingen.de)
The size of the pores was smaller than the protein, so that the labeled protein with a mass of 11.6 kDa passed the membrane, whereas a fluorescent dye with a mass of 10 kDa could not enter the vesicles interior. (uni-goettingen.de)
These results demonstrate that pore formation is not the sole mechanism, by which the full length protein passes a membrane. (uni-goettingen.de)
Full length Tat is capable of translocating across a membrane even though an attached fluorescent dye alters the interaction of the protein with the membrane. (uni-goettingen.de)
These results illustrate that the translocation mechanism is not directly dependent on the pore formation process but presumably relies on an accumulation of the protein at the membrane, which causes a disturbance of the membrane structure to let the protein through. (uni-goettingen.de)
Recent work published in The EMBO Journal and EMBO Reports reveals a novel role for the protein TECPR1 as a sensor for stressed membranes and regulator of lysosomal membrane repair. (babraham.ac.uk)
However, the Atg8 family of proteins are not found solely attached to double-membrane autophagosomes. (babraham.ac.uk)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Chemical cross-linking provides detailed insights into these interactions suggesting a role for membrane fusion. (nature.com)
The SNARE complex assembles from the vesicular protein Synaptobrevin-2 as well as SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) and Syntaxin-1, which are both anchored to the presynaptic membrane 2 . (nature.com)
Zippering of the SNAREs is proposed to provide the required energy to initiate membrane fusion 6 , 7 and proceeds from the N-terminus towards the membrane-proximal C-terminus through interactions of their complementary SNARE motifs. (nature.com)
Fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane occurs in the presence of the NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor) / α-SNAP (α-soluble NSF attachment protein) disassembly machinery. (nature.com)
The translated polyprotein consists of three structural [capsid (C), membrane (M) and envelope (E)] and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). (spandidos-publications.com)
View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins . (rndsystems.com)

For each protein, basic characteristics about its composition and length, its human relatives and relatedness to proteins in other species, and direct links to resources at NCBI are included. (cshlpress.com)
Additional links to NCBI resources are provided for human noncoding RNAs and repeated DNA elements and for proteins of interest from other species. (cshlpress.com)
This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species. (lookformedical.com)

Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)

Znf domains are often found in clusters, where fingers can have different binding specificities. (embl.de)

Silks are composed principally of proteins with a predominance of alanine, serine and glycine and silk proteins are able to undergo irreversible transformations from soluble protein to insoluble fibres. (bioone.org)

Does the HIV-1 tat protein translocate across lipid membranes? (uni-goettingen.de)
By means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy binding of the protein onto solid supported planar lipid membranes was ruled out. (uni-goettingen.de)
In non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation they become conjugated to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)
We have shown that this process is triggered by recruitment of ATG16L1 by the vacuolar-type H-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump, suggesting a role for pH sensing in recruitment of Atg8-family proteins to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)

SALSA proteins in the AF and intestinal samples were polymorphic and exhibited varying polypeptide compositions. (researchgate.net)

The V-ATPase complex regulates non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation through ATG16L1 recruitment. (babraham.ac.uk)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
NMR structure of a protein kinase C-gamma phorbol-binding domain and study of protein-lipid micelle interactions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Titrations of this domain with lipid micelles, in the absence and presence of phorbols, indicate selective broadening of some resonances. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Intriguingly, ARNIP, and in particular its RING-H2 domain, functioned as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in vitro in the presence of a specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Ubc4-1. (endocrinology-journals.org)
Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)

Recent work indicates that LIMK activity is also modulated by HIV-1 viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The most crucial NS proteins are the viral helicase and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

The AF form of SALSA had a more intact structure and contained peptides from the zona pellucida domain, which is involved in cell differentiation and oligomerization. (researchgate.net)

The crystal structure of the FH2 domain of two formins, Bni1p and mDia1, has been recently solved. (biomedcentral.com)
Botchan's work further indicates that Cdc45 has a structure similar to the bacterial recombination protein RecJ, linking replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
Both histone/histone and histone/DNA interactions depend on the histone fold domains and additional, well ordered structure elements extending from this motif. (nature.com)
The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: a novel ras and phospholipid binding site. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The structural biology laboratory utilises a variety of techniques including Protein Crystallography, Cryo-electron Microscopy and associated techniques such as Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, which are then combined with functional studies or serve as a basis for structure-based drug design. (nottingham.ac.uk)
By resolving the crystal structure of the functional domains of ADAMTS13, the research reveals how after binding VWF, the enzyme must change its shape to open the active site and in turn specifically accommodate the cleavage site in VWF. (nottingham.ac.uk)
For the evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the model in structure‑based drug design strategies, the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase was used, complexed with a single‑stranded RNA, a key molecule for the establishment of interactions with a future inhibitor of the SPONV helicase. (spandidos-publications.com)
This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. (lookformedical.com)
Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure. (lookformedical.com)

Stephen Kowalczykowski (University of California, Davis, USA) described for the first time the purification of this impressive 3,418-amino-acid protein and reported that it binds RAD51 (the human homolog of bacterial RecA) and promotes RAD51 assembly onto single-stranded DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
When blood vessels are damaged by a cut or by other types of vascular injury, VWF in blood plasma binds to the site of damage and unravels to form long protein strings that specifically capture specialised blood cells (platelets) to the site of injury. (nottingham.ac.uk)

LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways. (embl.de)

Conjugation of the Atg8 (autophagy related 8) family of ubiquitin-like proteins to phospholipids of the phagophore is a hallmark of macroautophagy/autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
The eight members of the SPARC protein family are modular in nature. (citationimpact.com)
This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the functional roles of the SPARC family of proteins in development and disease. (citationimpact.com)
2004). The protein is a member of a family of at least 23 structurally related palmitoyltransferases already characterized by the presence of a DHHC motif-containing cysteine-rich domain (DHHC-CRD). (vegfr-3inhibitor.com)

The purification of BRCA2 will allow the study of the functions of the different domains in this large protein. (biomedcentral.com)
These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in 'noncanonical' autophagy, a lysosome-associated signaling pathway with key functions in immunity, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (babraham.ac.uk)
We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. (frontiersin.org)
The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)

Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)

First identified in Drosophila, the conserved Polycomb group (Pc-G) protein complexes were shown to be both writers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2) and readers (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, PRC1) of H3K27me3 [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We, therefore, follow the stepwise assembly of the SNARE complex and target individual SNAREs, binary sub-complexes, the ternary SNARE complex as well as interactions with Complexin-1. (nature.com)

SPARC is a 34-35kD non-structural matricellular protein that is primarily expressed in tissues that have a continuous cellular turnover rate, and at the site of tissue injury or disease. (exalpha.com)

A novel AR N-terminal-interacting protein (ARNIP) was isolated using the yeast two-hybrid system and its interaction with amino acids 11-172 of the normal or corresponding region of the polyglutamine-expanded human AR confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays. (endocrinology-journals.org)
In contrast, an N-terminally truncated Tat protein (aa 35-86) that lacks the proline- and cysteine-rich region generates pores, through which an aqueous dye up to a size of 10 kDa can pass. (uni-goettingen.de)
The latter region of NS proteins, at the C-terminal part of the polyprotein, has a great contribution in the RNA replication process. (spandidos-publications.com)
This protein contains a conserved, 120 amino acid motif called the RGS domain and a cysteine-rich region. (nih.gov)

Anatomy15

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs97

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes85

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science11

Health Care2

Secreted protein acid rich in cysteine1

Residues10

Genes13

Highly conserved3

Second cysteine-rich2

Kinase domain2

Extracellular11

Zinc15

Actin9

Kinases4

Ligands6

Structural motifs2

Structures5

Recombinant protein3

Tyrosine1

HOMOLOGY4

Receptor11

Bind4

Conformation3

Subfamily2

Mediates1

Proteases4

Glycosylation1

Catalytic2

Sequence3

Substrates1

Intracellular2

Gene9

Globular2

Sequences3

Transcription3

Fibronectin1

Ubiquitin ligase activity2

Membrane14

Species3

Cytosolic1

Clusters1

Serine1

Membranes4

Intestinal1

Regulates2

Lipid3

Vitro2

Viral2

Peptides1

Structure10

Binds2

Pathways1

Family4

Functions4

Lipids1

Complexes2

SPARC1

Region4