Analysis of the suite of known cyclotides reveals many sequence similarities that are important for understanding their unique physico-chemical properties, bioactivities and homology. (wikipedia.org)
The bioactivities of cyclotides are believed to be mediated through membrane interactions. (rcsb.org)
Cyclotides also display bioactivities that have been exploited and expanded to develop as potential therapeutic reagents for a wide range of conditions (e.g. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclic peptides2
Cyclotides, or cyclic peptides used by some plant families as defense agents, have attracted the interest of scientists because of their biological activities varying from antimicrobial to anticancer properties. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclotides are a class of cyclic peptides that can be self-assembled. (bvsalud.org)
Hedyotis1
Wong CTT, Taichi M, Nishio H, Nishiuchi Y, Tam JP: Optimal Oxidative Folding of the Novel Antimicrobial Cyclotide from Hedyotis biflora Requires High Alcohol Concentrations. (bordercolliepagina.nl)
Kalata2
The potent insecticidal activity of cyclotides kalata B1 and kalata B2 has prompted the belief that cyclotides act as plant host-defence agents. (wikipedia.org)
To determine the structural basis for the biological activity of the two major subfamilies of cyclotides, we determined the conformation and orientation of kalata B2 (kB2), a Möbius cyclotide, and cycloviolacin O2 (cO2), a bracelet cyclotide, bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles, using NMR spectroscopy in the presence and absence of 5- and 16-doxylstearate relaxation probes. (rcsb.org)
Isolated and characterized1
To date, over 100 cyclotides have been isolated and characterized from species of the families Rubiaceae, Violaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
Cyclotides are cyclic proteins produced by plants for defense against pests. (rcsb.org)
Sequences3
There is smaller variation in sequences within these subfamilies than between them. (wikipedia.org)
With recent screening programs suggesting that the number of cyclotide sequences may soon reach the thousands, a database, CyBase, has been developed that offers the opportunity for comparisons of sequences and activity data for cyclotides. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the variations in cyclotides peptide sequences, this core structure is conserved, underlying their most useful feature: stability against thermal and chemical breakdown. (bvsalud.org)
Structures1
DSC thermogram showed that the cyclotide nanotubes were stable after heating until 200 °C. Fluorescence microscopy images proved that the self-assembled structures of cyclotide can encapsulate the coumarin. (bvsalud.org)
Cysteine3
The six cysteine residues are absolutely conserved throughout the cyclotide suite and presumably contribute to preserving the CCK motif. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from the six cysteine residues, the glutamic acid and serine/threonine residues of loop 1 are the only residues to have 100% identity across the bracelet and Möbius subfamilies. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclotides are plant peptides characterized with a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and three interlocking disulfide bonds, known as a cyclic cysteine knot. (bvsalud.org)
Discovery1
These findings demonstrate that the use of microfluidic channels has a high impact on the separation of cyclotides as a rapid, cost-effective, and simple method and the device can find widespread applications in drug discovery research. (bvsalud.org)
Stability2
Although the cysteines appear essential to maintaining the overall fold, several other residues highly conserved in cyclotides are thought to provide additional stability. (wikipedia.org)
The stability of cyclotide nanotubes after 3 months of keeping at -20 °C was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). (bvsalud.org)
Plant1
The observations that dozens or more cyclotides may be present in a single plant and the cyclotide architecture comprises a conserved core onto which a series of hypervariable loops is displayed suggest that cyclotides may be able to target many pests/pathogens simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
Properties1
This study aimed to discover the properties of cyclotide nanotubes. (bvsalud.org)
Date1
Cyclotides are the only natural peptides known to date that are orally bioavailable and able to cross cell membranes. (bvsalud.org)
Families1
Cyclotides have also been identified in agriculturally important families such as the Fabaceae and Poaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Terms1
The separation process has a critical impact in terms of obtaining pure cyclotides for drug development strategies. (bvsalud.org)
CyBase1
With recent screening programs suggesting that the number of cyclotide sequences may soon reach the thousands, a database, CyBase, has been developed that offers the opportunity for comparisons of sequences and activity data for cyclotides. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
To date, over 100 cyclotides have been isolated and characterized from species of the families Rubiaceae, Violaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. (wikipedia.org)