These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
Stress1
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
Proliferation4
Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms1
Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Nicotinamide2
Electrons removed from intermediate metabolic products during the Krebs cycle are used to reduce coenzyme molecules nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD + ] and flavin mononucleotide [FAD]) to NADH and FADH 2 , respectively. (encyclopedia.com)
respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
Apoptosis1
Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
Reactions3
Thus, the transformation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is the link between the metabolic reactions of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. (encyclopedia.com)
The enzymatic steps of glycolysis and the subsequent synthesis of acetyl-CoA involve a linear sequence, whereas the oxidation of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle is a cyclic sequence of reactions in which the starting substrate is subsequently regenerated with each turn of the cycle. (encyclopedia.com)
Following the formation of isocitrate there are four oxidation-reduction reactions, the first of which, the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. (encyclopedia.com)
Tumor3
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
Genotoxic2
These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we compare the response of developing B cells to both physiologic and genotoxic DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)
Arrest1
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Vivo1
In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
Processes2
Therefore, we suggest the oyster holobiont may lose some of its nutrient cycling properties under hypoxia and multi-stressor conditions although the oysters can regulate their physiological processes to maintain homeostasis on the short-term. (frontiersin.org)
Along with building structural complexity on the benthos which provides habitat for many marine species, oysters also drive crucial ecological processes such as biogeochemical cycling and benthic-pelagic coupling ( Ray and Fulweiler, 2021 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cancer1
Failure to properly repair this damage can lead to detrimental health effects, such as uncontrolled cell death and cancer formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Production1
The intermediate product in this oxidative decarboxylation reaction is oxalosuccinate, whose formation is coupled with the production of NADH + H + . While still bound to the enzyme, oxalosuccinate loses CO2 to produce alpha-ketoglutarate. (encyclopedia.com)
Results3
SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
The results revealed a significant increase in Cell-free DNA levels on day 2 CM corresponding to 4 to 6 cell embryos compared to those corresponding to 7 to 8 cel embryos (p=0.04). (who.int)
As for day 3 CM, the results showed no significant difference between the Cell-Free DNA levels in CM of 7-8 and those of 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.4). (who.int)
Damage1
NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)
Death1
Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
Importance1
The importance of the Krebs cycle lies in both the efficiency with which it captures energy released from nutrient molecules and stores it in a usable form, and in the raw materials it provides for the biosynthesis of certain amino acids and of purines and pyrimidines. (encyclopedia.com)
Free4
Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)
Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)
Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
Development1
After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 48 embryos were evaluated on day 3 of their development, according to their cell number. (who.int)
Metabolism1
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
Inhibition of cell2
Enzo Life Sciences' GFP-CERTIFIED ® NUCLEAR-ID ® Red Cell Cycle Analysis Kit provides a convenient approach for studying the induction and inhibition of cell cycle progression by flow cytometry. (enzolifesciences.com)
Figure 2: Live cells treated with different drugs show inhibition of cell cycle progression at different phases. (enzolifesciences.com)
Stress2
Data also show that honey, as a conventional therapy, might be a novel antioxidant to abate many of the diseases directly or indirectly associated with oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
Genes involved in cell cycle progression, DNA repair, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix were frequently reported to be up-regulated in HCC while immune response and metabolic enzyme genes were found to be down-regulated [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes1
Of the 110 identified genes, those involved in post-translational modification, cell division and/or transcriptional regulation were upregulated, while those involved in redox reactions were downregulated in tumors of patients with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
High1
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide, and its prevalence is particularly high in some parts of Central Europe. (nature.com)
Wnt signaling, telomere maintenance and cell cycle control were significantly altered by mutations in HCC [ 6 ], while chromatin remodelers e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels2
The kit is suitable for (1) determining the percentage of cells in a given sample that are in G 0 /G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases, as well as to quantify cells in the sub-G 1 phase, and (2) DNA studies in live, permeabilized and fixed cells for normal cell lines and cell lines exhibiting multiple ploidy levels. (enzolifesciences.com)
Suitable for DNA studies in live, permeabilized and fixed cells for normal cell lines and cell lines exhibiting multiple ploidy levels. (enzolifesciences.com)
Review4
August 9, 2007 - See Notice (NOT-OD-07-083) Full Implementation to Shorten the Review Cycle for New Investigator R01 Applications. (nih.gov)
As part of the National Institutes of Health continuing commitment to new investigators, a pilot effort ( https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-06-013.html ) was begun in 2006 to allow new investigators to have the option of submitting a resubmission/amended R01 application for consecutive review cycles, saving four months. (nih.gov)
The three cycles of the pilot have involved nearly 1800 R01 applications reviewed in the original 40 study sections in the Center for Scientific Review. (nih.gov)
New Investigators who do not choose the next cycle option or request review by a different study section will use the standard resubmission dates for subsequent cycle submission (March 5, July 5, or November 5). (nih.gov)
Directly1
demonstrated that furan was not genotoxic when added directly to mouse lymphoma cells, although its metabolite cis -2-butene-1,4-dial was genotoxic. (nih.gov)
Applications4
By the September/October 2007 meetings all CSR study sections reviewing new investigator R01 applications submitted for standard receipt dates (this does not include RFAs and PARs with special dates) will meet on a schedule to allow consecutive cycle resubmissions. (nih.gov)
The Summary Statements for qualifying applications will have an explicit note indicating eligibility for next cycle submission. (nih.gov)
Resubmission applications for consideration at the next cycle must be submitted by March 20, July 20, or November 20. (nih.gov)
Relative costs of using Nuclear ID ® Red DNA in comparison to competitor dye in various applications: (A) Imaging (visualization), (B) Nucleated Cell Gating (flow cytometry) and (C) Live Cell Cycle analysis using flow cytometry. (enzolifesciences.com)