Cycling cells phase cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

The present study confirmed previous observations by others of a progression from G0 through G1 and S phase to G2/mitosis during the first 3 d in culture. (rupress.org)
Cell-cycle manipulation with vinblastine and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BUdR) revealed that previous passage through both S phase and mitosis was required for entry into this newly observed late phase. (rupress.org)
4. Mitosis: The cell divides into two daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)
Mitosis, or cell division, is a vital process that happens throughout our lives. (careforlifee.com)
In cells with nuclei (eukaryotes, i.e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells), the cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis). (wikipedia.org)
During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and replicates its DNA and some of its organelles. (wikipedia.org)
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). (wikipedia.org)
M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)

We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)

Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
To ensure the proper replication of cellular components and division, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints after each of the key steps of the cycle that determine if the cell can progress to the next phase. (wikipedia.org)
These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)

In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
it is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
Various cellular senescence hallmarks (the percentage of X-gal staining cells, the mRNA levels of the p16 and p21 cell cycle regulators, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells) were investigated. (hindawi.com)
Temperature-Induced uncoupling of cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)

Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Many cells do not enter G0 and continue to divide throughout an organism's life, e.g., epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
15 ) suggested that the pVir plasmid is important in vitro for both adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in culture. (cdc.gov)

Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
However, under these microenvironmental conditions, only 15% of tumor cells assemble invadopodia at any given time, while the rest are non-motile. (biorxiv.org)
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. (springer.com)

During the mitotic phase, the replicated chromosomes, organelles, and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Some cells enter the G0 phase semi-permanently and are considered post-mitotic, e.g., some liver, kidney, and stomach cells. (wikipedia.org)
The word "post-mitotic" is sometimes used to refer to both quiescent and senescent cells. (wikipedia.org)
and syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)

2. S phase: The cell replicates its DNA. (careforlifee.com)
In single-celled organisms, a single cell-division cycle is how the organism replicates itself. (wikipedia.org)

Anaphase: This is the final phase of cell division. (careforlifee.com)

During this phase, the cell makes sure that its DNA is intact and that the chromosomes are correctly arranged in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
The cell's chromosomes are duplicated during this phase, but they remain in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
Interphase is a series of changes that takes place in a newly formed cell and its nucleus before it becomes capable of division again. (wikipedia.org)

This phase is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. (careforlifee.com)
During this phase, the cell's chromosomes are separated into two equal sets, and each set is moved into a separate daughter cell. (careforlifee.com)
Prometaphase: In this phase, the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers, which will help to pull them apart during division. (careforlifee.com)
Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in this phase. (careforlifee.com)
The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell. (careforlifee.com)
These events include the duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. (wikipedia.org)

J Cell Biol (1980) 85 (2): 459-465. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol, 2007 Jun 18. (nih.gov)

For this purpose, a cellular model of senescent myocardial cells was set up and evaluated using colorimetric, fluorimetric, and immunometric techniques. (hindawi.com)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)

Interphase: This is the phase when the cell is growing and performing its normal functions. (careforlifee.com)
After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of the cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Interphase represent the phase between two successive M phases. (wikipedia.org)
Typically interphase lasts for at least 91% of the total time required for the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The first phase within interphase, from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis, is called G1 (G indicating gap). (wikipedia.org)

Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
Non-proliferative (non-dividing) cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent G0 state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as is often the case for neurons). (wikipedia.org)

It was also found that on subsequent days stimulated cells, before their return to G0, remained stationary in a state in which they contained the G0 complement of DNA and approximately twice the G0 complement of RNA. (rupress.org)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)

SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)

5. Cytokinesis: The daughter cells divide into two new cells. (careforlifee.com)

Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)

Some chemotherapy drugs work by targeting cells in specific phases of the cell cycle. (careforlifee.com)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)

Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)

Most studies have been performed on large cell populations, but detailed understanding of cell dynamics and heterogeneity requires single-cell analysis. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)

It is the period of the cell cycle when the cell divides into two daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)

Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)

Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)

Our results caution that this coordination between invasion and cell cycle must be considered when designing effective chemotherapies. (biorxiv.org)

It is the period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its normal functions. (careforlifee.com)
1. G1 phase: The cell grows and carries out normal functions. (careforlifee.com)

The length of G1 varies from cell to cell and is determined by the cell's need for growth and development. (careforlifee.com)
The cell's nuclear DNA contents are duplicated during S phase. (wikipedia.org)

Relevant cellular senescence markers, such as X-gal staining, cell cycle regulator levels, and the percentage of cell cycle-arrested cells, were found to be reduced in the presence of naringenin. (hindawi.com)
Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, together, the data have prompted us to investigate the effects of Nar in a cellular model of aged myocardial cells. (hindawi.com)

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, without regard for the normal cycle. (careforlifee.com)
By targeting only cancer cells in certain phases, we can minimize the side effects of the treatment on normal, healthy cells. (careforlifee.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
Previous studies in our laboratory have described increased and preferential radiosensitization of mismatch repair-deficient (MMR − ) HCT116 colon cancer cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). (aacrjournals.org)

Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, using invadopodia- and cell cycle- fluorescent markers, we show in 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as in vivo , that breast carcinoma cells assemble invadopodia and invade into the surrounding ECM preferentially during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biorxiv.org)

Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)

Activation of each phase is dependent on the proper progression and completion of the previous one. (wikipedia.org)

The present study uses the integration of probabilistic mathematical models and experimental data on MMR − versus MMR + cells to describe the effects of IUdR incorporation upon the cell cycle for the purpose of increasing IUdR-mediated radiosensitivity in MMR − cells. (aacrjournals.org)

The first is a stochastic model of the progression of cell cycle states, which is applied to experimental data for two synchronized isogenic MMR + and MMR − colon cancer cell lines treated with and without IUdR. (aacrjournals.org)

It is also called the growth phase. (wikipedia.org)

We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)

The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)

The RNA and DNA content of large numbers of individual cells was determined by supravital staining with acridine orange. (rupress.org)

Without cell division, our bodies would not be able to repair the damage from injuries or illness. (careforlifee.com)

Evidence for a specific postmitotic phase before return to G0. (rupress.org)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)

The cell cycle is the sequence of events that takes place in a cell leading up to its division into daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells. (careforlifee.com)
The cell cycle is the process that cells go through to divide and multiply. (careforlifee.com)
This process is kicked into high gear and the cells start dividing at a rapid pace. (careforlifee.com)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)

This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
The cells return to their normal state and the cycle begins anew the next time you need to heal a wound. (careforlifee.com)
These models can be combined to predict IUdR-DNA incorporation at any time in the cell cycle. (aacrjournals.org)

Because aging has been demonstrated to be directly related to the occurrence of cardiac disorders, in the present study, the ability of naringenin to prevent cardiac cell senescence was investigated. (hindawi.com)

It's how we grow from a single cell into a fully-formed human being. (careforlifee.com)
Analysis at the single-cell level can overcome most of these limitations. (frontiersin.org)

The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)

By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, there was high correlation (r = 0.973, P less than 0.001) between the number of cells in the late phase and measured [3H]thymidine uptake. (rupress.org)
During this phase, the biosynthetic activities of the cell, which are considerably slowed down during M phase, resume at a high rate. (wikipedia.org)

Lymphocyte cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry. (rupress.org)

Consequently, we have shown that MMR − cells incorporate 25% to 42% more IUdR than MMR + cells, and that IUdR and ionizing radiation (IR) interact to produce up to 3-fold greater cytotoxicity in MMR − cells. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms12

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Mitosis8

Progression through the cell cycle3

Checkpoints4

Apoptosis2

Regulators5

Transitions1

Eukaryotic1

Epithelial3

Tumor7

Mitotic5

Replicates2

Anaphase1

Nucleus3

Chromosomes6

Biol2

Senescent1

Degradation2

Interphase6

Proliferative2

Subsequent2

Inhibition1

Cytokinesis1

Malignant1

Chemotherapy1

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Proteins1

Dynamics2

Divides1

Knockdown2

Tightly regulated1

Initiation1

Arrest3

Invasion1

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Cell's2

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Cancer cells5

Preferentially3

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Activation1

Describe1

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Shown1