• Like all cyclin family members, cyclin E forms complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein kinases represent promising anticancer drug targets. (rcsb.org)
  • We describe here the meriolins, a new family of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). (rcsb.org)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • Malumbres, M. Cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
  • Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 4 and 6-like Serine/Threonine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
  • Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6-like subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
  • The CDK4/6-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
  • Cell-cycle-related proteins, such as cyclins or cyclin-dependent kinases, may have functions beyond that of cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The G1 checkpoint is regulated by a multitude of molecules such as the retinoblastoma family of proteins, cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKis). (temple.edu)
  • Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK3 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
  • The CDK2/3 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
  • E6 also activates human being telomerase change transcriptase (5) and SRC-family kinases (6), which offer additional growth benefits to the contaminated cells through the malignant change process. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • It is widely believed that in mammalian cells the cellular transcription factor (DRTF1/E2F integrates cell-cycle events with the transcription apparatus by interacting with important regulators of the cell cycle, such as the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and related proteins, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These kinases are expressed throughout the cell cycle, but are only activated upon complex formation with their corresponding cyclins. (shu.edu)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Phosphorylation at CDK1, CDK4, and CDK9 sites on, respectively, protein phosphatase 1alpha, retinoblastoma protein, and RNA polymerase II is inhibited in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to meriolins. (rcsb.org)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • CDK4 and CDK6 partner with D-type cyclins to regulate the early G1 phase of the cell cycle. (umbc.edu)
  • CDK4 and CDK6 are both expressed ubiquitously, associate with all three D cyclins (D1, D2 and D3), and phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein. (umbc.edu)
  • Our results indicated that the activation of cyclinD1-CDK4 is required for short-term synaptic plasticity and mGluR-dependent LTD, and suggested that this cyclin-dependent kinase may have different roles during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin D1, a member of the G1 cyclins, plays an important role in the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle in proliferating cells via activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, or CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cyclinD/CDK4/6 complexes induce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and the release of E2F, which trigger G1 cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (cusabio.cn)
  • Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. (cusabio.cn)
  • Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex. (ayassbioscience.com)
  • Cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 are downstream of signaling pathways which lead to cellular proliferation. (shu.edu)
  • During early G1 phase, mitogenic signals trigger activation of the CDK4/6-cyclin D complex, which partially deactivates Rb by phosphorylation. (shu.edu)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • Full holoenzyme activity of the cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex is induced by mitogen recruitment of CAK. (shu.edu)
  • The cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex phosphorylates the pRB protein leading to sequential phosphorylation by cyclin E-Cdk2 and release of free E2F. (shu.edu)
  • The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • CDKs belong to a large family of STKs that are regulated by their cognate cyclins. (umbc.edu)
  • Upstream inhibitors, including members of the Ink4 and Cip/Kip families, inhibit the mitogenic action of CDKs. (shu.edu)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • Cyclin E binds to G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle that determines initiation of DNA duplication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Cyclin E/CDK2 complex phosphorylates p27Kip1 (an inhibitor of Cyclin D), tagging it for degradation, thus promoting expression of Cyclin A, allowing progression to S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, Cyclin E binds with CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 regulates multiple cellular processes by phosphorylating numerous downstream proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 plays a critical role in the G1 phase and in the G1-S phase transition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) to promote G1 progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 also phosphorylates p27 and p21 during G1 and S phases, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smad3, a key mediator of TGF-β pathway which inhibits cell cycle progression, can be phosphorylated by cyclin E/CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The phosphorylation of Smad3 by cyclin E/CDK2 inhibits its transcriptional activity and ultimately facilitates cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • CBP/p300 and E2F-5 are also substrates of cyclin E/CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 can phosphorylate p220(NPAT) to promote histone gene transcription during cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from the function in cell cycle progression, cyclin E/CDK2 plays a role in the centrosome cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • CP110 is another cyclin E/CDK2 substrate which involves in centriole duplication and centrosome separation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2 has also been shown to regulate the apoptotic response to DNA damage via phosphorylation of FOXO1. (wikipedia.org)
  • In ~10% of colorectal carcinomas, cyclin E gene amplification is found, sometimes together with CDK2 gene amplification. (wikipedia.org)
  • A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cyclin A binds to S phase CDK2 and is required for the cell to progress through the S phase. (signalchem.com)
  • CDK2/Cyclin A is inhibited by the complex p21CIP. (signalchem.com)
  • CDK2 is regulated by cyclin E or cyclin A. Upon activation by cyclin E, it phosphorylates the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein which activates E2F mediated transcription and allows cells to move into S phase. (umbc.edu)
  • The CDK2/cyclin A complex plays a role in regulating DNA replication. (umbc.edu)
  • Alternatively, E7 inhibits tumor suppressor retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) release a E2F transcription elements, stimulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin A (7) aswell as CDK2/cyclin E organic (8), therefore abrogating cell routine arrest and stimulating proliferation (9). (insulin-receptor.info)
  • Activation of the CDK2-cyclin E complex results in hyperphosphorylation of Rb and fully releases E2F. (shu.edu)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • It also blocks Cyclin A-CDK2 from further phosphorylating pRb to maintain S phase. (shu.edu)
  • The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. (rcsb.org)
  • Lundberg, A. S. & Weinberg, R. A. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
  • Regulation of the cell cycle is performed by a phosphorylation cascade involving cyclin/CDK complexes and three restriction checkpoints G1/S G2/M and metaphase which sense flaws in critical stages and subsequently stall cycle progression [5] [6]. (techblessing.com)
  • Both DP-1 and DP-2 synergistically interact with members of the E2F family of proteins, E2F-1, E2F-2, and E2F-3, to generate DNA binding complexes that specifically recognize the E2F site and functionally interact with E2F-1 in E2F site-dependent transcriptional activation of cellular genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study therefore defines a new family of transcription factors, the DP proteins, members of which can interact combinatorially with E2F proteins to generate an array of DNA binding complexes that integrate cell-cycle progression with the transcription apparatus through the E2F binding site. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • They are also regulated by the INK4 family of inhibitors which associate with either the CDK alone or the CDK/cyclin complex. (umbc.edu)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • CAOV3 cells, which are atRA sensitive, have been shown to express p16INK4a (p16), a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor regulating the G1 checkpoint. (temple.edu)
  • Ibrance (palbociclib) is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6. (shu.edu)
  • Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The variety of keratin genes differentially expressed suggests that these proteins may however have additional functions. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This domain occurred 402 times on human genes ( 935 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • Homeobox genes comprise a family of transcription factors which function during embryonic development to control pattern formation, differentiation and proliferation. (temple.edu)
  • Subsequently released E2F factors mediate expression of pro-proliferative genes including cyclin E and Cdc25A. (shu.edu)
  • The expression of further E2F target genes, as cyclin A, facilitates progression through S phase. (shu.edu)
  • Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. (abcam.cn)
  • Here we show a novel function for Retinoblastoma family member, p107 in controlling stem cell expansion in the mammalian brain. (rupress.org)
  • Phosphorylation of these two proteins stimulates the transcriptional events during cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • 1.Oakenfull E A,Riou-Khamlichi C,Murray J A.Plant D-type cyclins and the control of G1 progression[J].Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci,2002,357(1422):749-760. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Our results provide novel insights into the function of EBNA3C on cell progression by regulating the cyclin D2 protein and raise the possibility of the development of new anticancer therapies against EBV-associated cancers. (cusabio.cn)
  • Pocket proteins play essential roles in cell cycle progression, quiescence and differentiation, and their functional disruption is associated with human cancer. (eu.org)
  • The most studied function of the Rb protein is in the regulation of cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary ( Giacinti,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutation of the maize FLOURY3 ( FL3 ) gene, encoding one of 17 subunits forming the RNAPIII complex that regulates gene expression involved in storage protein synthesis, results in small and floury endosperm (Li et al. (plantae.org)
  • The authors mapped the smk7 mutation to a gene encoding the second-largest subunit of RNAPIII, NRPC2 (Nuclear RNA Polymerase C2) using map-based sequencing and confirmed that the mutation leads to a defective NRPC2 protein in smk7 . (plantae.org)
  • The fl3 mutation disrupts the accumulation of starch and storage proteins (e.g., zein and non-zein proteins), leading to a soft and opaque endosperm. (plantae.org)
  • The first mutation of RB1 in cases of retinoblastoma can be either constitutional or somatic, whereas the second mutation is always somatic. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivation of Rb may contribute to many human malignancies including familial retinoblastoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, prostate carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and some forms of leukaemias ( Burkhart,2008 ). (eu.org)
  • B. Bilateral leukocoria, familial retinoblastoma . (entokey.com)
  • Bilateral tumors occur in about two thirds of patients with familial retinoblastoma. (entokey.com)
  • The presence of bilateral tumors indicates that the affected patient is a carrier of familial retinoblastoma who can transmit the tumor to progeny. (entokey.com)
  • RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase or proto-oncogene c-RAF is an enzyme encoded by the RAF1 gene. (globaldata.com)
  • The RAF Proto Oncogene Serine, Threonine Protein Kinase (Proto Oncogene c RAF or RAF1 or EC 2.7.11.1) pipeline drugs market research report provides comprehensive information on the RAF Proto Oncogene Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase (Proto Oncogene c RAF or RAF1 or EC 2.7.11.1) targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA), and molecule type. (globaldata.com)
  • STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
  • The crystal structure of the Rb pocket bound to a nine-residue E7 peptide containing the LxCxE motif, shared by other Rb-binding viral and cellular proteins, shows that the LxCxE peptide binds a highly conserved groove on the B domain. (nih.gov)
  • LIG_RB_pABgroove_1 (LxDLFD), LIG_RB_LxCxE_1 (LxCxE) and LIG_RBL1_LxSxE_2 (LxSxE).The LxDLFD motif binds to a deep groove formed between the A and B subdomains and is present in E2F family transcription factors (E2F1-5). (eu.org)
  • The LxCxE motif binds to all pocket proteins and is present in chromatin regulators such as HDAC and KDM5A and in viral proteins. (eu.org)
  • Here, we have defined DRTF1/E2F in Xenopus laevis that, like its mammalian counterpart, specifically binds to the E2F site, is regulated during development, and interacts with pRb and related proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Anti-Cyclin A Antibody was produced by repeated immunizations with a recombinant protein corresponding to the human cyclin A. (signalchem.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry using Rabbit Anti-Cyclin A antibody. (signalchem.com)
  • Fixation: formalin fixed paraffin embedded.Antigen retrieval: not required.Primary antibody: Anti-Cyclin A at 1:500 for 1 hr at RT. (signalchem.com)
  • Western Blot of Rabbit Anti-Cyclin A antibody. (signalchem.com)
  • Primary antibody: Anti-Cyclin A at 1:400 for overnight at 4°C. Predicted/Observed size: 60kDa for Cyclin A. (signalchem.com)
  • The Anti-Cyclin-A antibody is ideal for investigators involved in cell signaling, cell biology and signal transduction research. (signalchem.com)
  • The antibody has been negatively preadsorbed using a non-phosphopeptide corresponding to the site of phosphorylation to remove antibody that is reactive with non-phosphorylated Rb protein. (abcam.cn)
  • Dysregulation of cyclin E occurs in 18-22% of the breast cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • High mobility group B (HMGB) proteins have been previously related to the onset and progressions of cancers of different origins. (hindawi.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase family. (antibodies-online.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (technuc.com)
  • Cyclin E overexpression is implicated in carcinomas at various sites along the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these carcinomas, cyclin E appears to be more important in stomach and colon cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disruption of the p16/cyclin D1/retinoblastoma protein pathway in the majority of human hepatocellular carcinomas. (journalsmededu.pl)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • The CD274/JNK/Cyclin D2 pathway promotes the cell cycle entry of LIC. (cusabio.cn)
  • FBXW7 encodes F-box proteins which target cyclin E for ubiquitination. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the heterogeneous family of basic, proline-rich, human salivary glycoproteins. (cancerindex.org)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)
  • CDK3 is regulated by cyclin C and it phosphorylates pRB specifically during the G0/G1 transition. (umbc.edu)
  • Over-expression of cyclin E correlates with tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several mechanisms lead to the deregulated expression of cyclin E. In most cases, gene amplification causes the overexpression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin E is a prognostic marker in breast cancer, its altered expression increased with the increasing stage and grade of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is significant association between cyclin E over-expression and the prognosis of lung cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is believed increased expression of cyclin E correlated with poorer prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Low expression of CDK6 protein in ZR-75-1, Neuro-2a, and INS-1 cells is consistent with the predicted expression pattern. (cellsignal.com)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • and (v) pRb phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression are reduced in K10-transfected cells and increased in K16-transfected cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • 9.Jacqmard A,De Veylder L,Segers G,et al.Expression of CKS1At in Arabidopsis thaliana indicates a role for the protein in both the mitotic and the endoreduplication cycle[J].Planta,1999,207(4):496-504. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Both CCND1- and CCND2-expressing MM cells arrested in S/G2/M, and did not differ in other cell-cycle proteins or sensitivity to IR.Differential expression of D-cyclin does not appear to affect cell-cycle response to IR, and is unlikely to underlie differential sensitivity to DNA damage. (cusabio.cn)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • The tissue-specific expression of DP family members suggests that the combination of DP/E2F heterodimers that constitute DRTF1/E2F is influenced by the phenotype of the cell. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with the combination of palbociclib and antiestrogens leads to decreased retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation resulting in reduced E2F expression and signaling and increased growth arrest compared to treatment with each drug alone. (shu.edu)
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene RB1 was the first tumour suppressor gene to be identified and characterised. (eu.org)
  • Including paralogs this family consists of miR-17 -18 -19 -19 -20 and -92 (located within a region of 1 1 kb on chromosome 13) of miR-106a -19 -363 and -92 (X-chromosomal) and of miR-106b -93 and -25 (on chromosome 7) [32]. (techblessing.com)
  • The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
  • Recombinant full-length human CDK3 and Cyclin E1 were co-expressed by baculovirus in Sf9 insect cells using an N-terminal GST tag on both proteins. (mybio.ie)
  • CDK3 can also associate with cyclin C and phosphorylates the retinoblastoma 1 protein to promote exit from G0. (mybio.ie)
  • The name derives from viral oncogene-derived protein oncogene protein v-ets of the AVIAN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS VIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • The SMAD proteins are a family of transcription factors consisting of 8 members, SMAD1-8, which are further subdivided into 3 classes based on structural and functional properties. (shu.edu)
  • 6.Soni R,Carmichael J P,Shah Z H,et al.A family of cyclin D homologs from plants differentially controlled by growth regulators and containing the conserved retinoblastoma protein interaction motif[J].Plant Cell,1995,7(1):85-103. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • This may be due to compensation provided by CDK1 (also called Cdc2), which can also bind cyclin E and drive the G1 to S phase transition. (umbc.edu)
  • Cyclin E overexpression can lead to G1 shortening, decrease in cell size or loss of serum requirement for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
  • 14.Fujii T,Sato K,Matsui N,et al.Enhancement of secondary xylem cell proliferation by Arabidopsis cyclin D overexpression in tobacco plants[J].Plant Cell Rep,2012,31(9):1573-1580. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • 2017). Eukaryotic RNAPIII transcribes transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal 5S rRNA, and other small non-coding RNAs required for protein synthesis to control cell division and proliferation events essential for organ/tissue development (Li et al. (plantae.org)
  • The adenovirus E1A protein mimics the LxDLFD motif and competes with E2F for binding to Rb, promoting E2F activation and cell proliferation. (eu.org)
  • HDACi have shown to block Ras-reliant signaling and expansion transformation.41 Astonishingly, in HEL92.1.7 and MOLM-13 cells, the pracinostat IC50 on proliferation is lower compared to IC50 on inhibition of JAK2 or FLT3-ITD protein ranges, correspondingly. (immune-source.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) protein is the transcription factor that plays an important role in tumorigenesis. (journalsmededu.pl)
  • In the CYTOPLASM, I-kappa B proteins bind to the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus. (bvsalud.org)
  • p38γ shares high sequence homology, inhibition sensitivity and substrate specificity with CDK family members. (nature.com)
  • GRP78 is a highly conserved protein that is essential for cell viability.The highly conserved sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) is present at the C terminus of GRP78and other resident ER proteins including glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP 94) and proteindisulfide isomerase (PDI). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • The other project involves the study of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human p53 gene that results in either arginine (R) or proline (P) at position 72 of the p53 protein. (mdanderson.org)
  • Localization: Cyclin A is nuclear and cytoplasmic.Staining: Cyclin A as precipitated red signal with hematoxylin purple nuclear counterstain. (signalchem.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Small non-protein-coding RNA molecules, composed of around 22 nucleotides, are commonly named as miRNAs ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)