Cyclin mitotic cell cycle progression. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (genetex.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Western blot analysis showed that several cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) (e.g. (molcells.org)
Polo-like kinases play critical roles during multiple stages of cell cycle progression. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Cell cycle progression is largely controlled by the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin binding partners. (lancs.ac.uk)
Development through mitosis depends upon three major regulatory systems, each involving several serine/threonine kinases, referred to as mitotic kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)
Right chromosome segregation is closely controlled by mitotic kinases such as cyclin dependent NIMA related kinase 2, Pololike kinase, kinase 1 and Aurora kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
These changes are thought to facilitate cell cycle progression and Golgi inheritance, and are brought about through the actions of mitotically active protein kinases. (aston.ac.uk)
To better understand how the Golgi apparatus undergoes mitotic fragmentation we have sought to identify novel Golgi targets for mitotic kinases. (aston.ac.uk)
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
The present yeast two-hybrid analyses showed differential interaction between defined D-type cyclins and Cdc2Ms kinases functioning in G2/M phases. (bibbase.org)
article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
Key components supplier CX-4945 of these paths are protein kinases that are critical for the appropriate time of each cell cycle stage. (smadpathway.com)
Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)
These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)
The proper development and homeostasis of tissues and organs at the cellular level are ensured by a finely and timely regulated progression of the cell division cycle, which requires the perfectly harmonized activity of numerous protein kinases/phosphatases and regulatory proteins. (mdpi.com)
Among them, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)s with their modulatory partners, cyclins, represent the major players acting with switch-like behavior to turn on cell growth, through the control of chromatin replication and condensation, gene transcription, assembly of the mitotic spindle, and proper cytodieresis. (mdpi.com)

In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division (mitosis), producing daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell, and a cell division that produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction (meiosis), reducing the number of chromosomes from two of each type in the diploid parent cell to one of each type in the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
In cell biology, mitosis (/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
After growth from the zygote to the adult, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (wikipedia.org)
If the chromosomal number is not reduced, eukaryotic cell division is classified as mitosis (equational division). (wikipedia.org)
Forms of mitosis (of karyokinesis step) in eukaryotes closed intranuclear pleuromitosis closed extranuclear pleuromitosis closed orthomitosis semiopen pleuromitosis semiopen orthomitosis open orthomitosis In the mitotic metaphase (see below), typically the chromosomes (each containing 2 sister chromatids that developed during replication in the S phase of interphase) align themselves on the metaphase plate. (wikipedia.org)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
PSMA-expressing cells prematurely degrade cyclin B and exit mitosis due to increased APC activity and incomplete inactivation of APC by the spindle assembly checkpoint. (nih.gov)
In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G 1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
In yeast and Drosophila, Cdh1-dependent APC (Cdh1-APC) activity targets mitotic cyclins from the end of mitosis to the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
CDK activity rises over 50-fold during the cell cycle, from a low level in G1 to a high level in mitosis. (crick.ac.uk)
Here, in fission yeast, we show that sublethal CDK inhibition lengthens the time cells spend in mitosis but does not cause misordering of mitotic events. (crick.ac.uk)
Therefore, maximum attainable CDK activity is not necessary for mitosis but provides robustness to CDK activity reduction to ensure mitotic completion. (crick.ac.uk)
The process of cell division or mitosis is tightly regulated and complex. (survivinpathway.com)
Human cancer cells are usually seen as a changes in the amount or organization of DNA because of mistakes in mitosis, causing chromosome instability and aneuploidy. (survivinpathway.com)
Secretory protein trafficking is arrested and the Golgi apparatus fragmented when mammalian cells enter mitosis. (aston.ac.uk)
GBF1 is phosphorylated by CDK1-cyclin B in mitosis, which results in its dissociation from Golgi membranes. (aston.ac.uk)
We propose that the phosphorylation and membrane dissociation of GBF1 and the consequent reduction in ARF-GTP levels in mitosis are important for changes in Golgi dynamics and possibly other mitotic events mediated through effectors other than the COPI vesicle coat. (aston.ac.uk)
The CDK4 activity associated with this cyclin was reported to be necessary for cell cycle progression through G2 phase into mitosis after UV radiation. (creative-biolabs.com)
Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
Aurora B levels peak in early mitosis and then dramatically decline at mitotic exit. (smadpathway.com)
Finally, in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow and prepare for mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)

Here, we report that PSMA is localized to a membrane compartment in the vicinity of mitotic spindle poles and associates with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). (nih.gov)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Colocalizes with mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
Localization of Cdc2Ms F kinase to the preprophase band (PPB), the perinuclear ring in early prophase, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast indicated a pivotal role for this kinase in mitotic plant cells. (bibbase.org)
While Aurora A localizes to mitotic centrosomes and is required for centrosome growth and the development of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle, Aurora W is the catalytic core of the highly conserved genetic individual complex. (smadpathway.com)
p97 is required for mitotic spindle disassembly and nuclear envelope reformation in Xenopus egg extracts. (smadpathway.com)

Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
Nuclear Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) is a main regulator of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation of these small GTPases by G1 cyclins may constitute a mechanism to coordinate proliferation with cell migration and morphogenesis, important processes not only during normal development and organogenesis but also for tumor formation and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Further exploration showed that TSPAN12 overexpression accelerated proliferation and colony formation of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 OC cells. (molcells.org)
Knockdown of TSPAN12 expression in A2780 and SKOV3 cells decreased both proliferation and colony formation. (molcells.org)
Cancer cells obtain a growth advantage through uncontrolled cell proliferation ( Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011 ), which may be caused by mutations that help them adapt to the microenvironment through selective pressure. (molcells.org)
In this study, we investigated how TSPAN12 regulates OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and found that it contributed to tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in this disease through cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathways. (molcells.org)
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
Results Our results claim that TSPY appearance boosts cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo . (careersfromscience.org)
Bottom line These data used together have supplied important insights in the possible features of TSPY in cell routine development cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
To test the hypothesis that TSPY is usually involved in cell cycle regulation and its aberrant expression could contribute to the overall tumorigenesis we have examined the effects of ectopic expression of TSPY in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in athymic nude mice using the tetracycline (Tet-off) regulation system in human HeLa and. (careersfromscience.org)
HIV-1 expression induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression in infected podocytes, suggesting that HIV-1 activates cyclin D1-dependent cell-cycle mechanisms to promote proliferation of infected renal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Drosophila CIAPIN1 homologue is required for follicle cell proliferation and survival. (nih.gov)
Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences offers BD Horizon™ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizon™ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)

Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
Polo-like kinase (PLK) inhibitors targets the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. (neobiotechnologies.com)
Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
In addition, apigenin inhibited the DNA-binding activity of C/EBPβ in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells by down-regulating the 35 kDa isoform of C/EBPβ (liver-enriched activating protein) and up-regulating the expression of two different sets of C/EBP inhibitors: C/EBP homologous protein and the phospho-liver-enriched inhibitory protein isoform of C/EBPβ. (kist.re.kr)
Significance: These findings suggest that apigenin can prevent 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by the inhibition of the mitotic clonal expansion and the adipogenesis related factors and upregulation of the expression of multiple C/EBPβ inhibitors. (kist.re.kr)

The precise regulation of the levels of cyclin proteins is fundamental to coordinate cell division with checkpoints, avoiding genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)
The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that lack NAP-1 the Clb2 LY2606368 (B-type cyclin) was LY2606368 unable to efficiently induce mitotic events [19 20 Over-expression of SET or CDA1 results in an inhibitory effect on cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase [18] suggesting that SET/NAP-containing proteins are cell cycle regulators. (careersfromscience.org)
A second area of research involves elucidating the function of the BET family of double bromodomain-containing proteins, proteins that read epigenetic marks, during germ cell differentiation and neural development. (columbia.edu)
Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
DTL depletion resulted in the disruption of the mitotic proteins cyclin B, CDK1 , securin, seprase, Aurora A, and Aurora B as well as the upregulation of the cell cycle arrest gene [i]p21[/i]. (transhumanist.ru)

SET regulates the G2/M transition by modulating cyclin B-cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity [18]. (careersfromscience.org)
Cyclin A degradation employs preferentially used lysines and a cyclin box function other than Cdk1 binding. (nih.gov)
Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)

CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)
Here we briefly review the evidence supporting a role of G1 cyclins and CDKs as regulators of the activity of small GTPases, emphasizing their functional relevance both in budding yeast and in mammalian cells. (bvsalud.org)
The complexity represented by different types of CDKs and cyclins in a single species such as alfalfa, indicates that multicomponent regulatory pathways control G2/M transition. (bibbase.org)

NAP-1 interacts with B-type cyclins in budding yeast and frogs [17]. (careersfromscience.org)

Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Together with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partner G1 cyclins control cell cycle entry by phosphorylating a number of nuclear targets and releasing a transcriptional program at the end of G1 phase. (bvsalud.org)
The company's seliciclib is an orally available, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Start is triggered by the cyclin- dependent kinase Cdc28 and three rate-limiting activators, the G1 cyclins Cln1, Cln2 and Cln3 (ref. 3). (uky.edu)
Compared to controls, cultured podocytes expressing HIV-1 genes, and podocytes and tubular epithelium from hyperplastic nephrons in Tg26 kidneys, had increased levels of phospho-pRb (Ser780), a target of active cyclin D 1 /cyclin-dependent kinase-4/6 known to promote G 1 → S phase progression. (biomedcentral.com)
The selective suppression of HIV-1 transcription by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol, abrogated cyclin D 1 expression, underlying the requirement for HIV-1 encoded products to induce cyclin D 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
Take-n together, these results suggest that the effect of Rap1 depends o-n Rac1, while the effect of Rac1 is in-dependent of Rap1, hence arguing that Rac1 is located downstream of Rap1 in the spreading inducing signaling in v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
In previous studies, we found that 2'-hydroxyflavonone (2HF), a citrus flavonoid, inhibits the growth of renal cell carcinoma in a VHL-dependent manner. (oncotarget.com)
This effect was associated with a marked decrease in cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 expression, with the concomitant and sustained expression of p27Kip1. (kist.re.kr)
A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
DTL (Cdc10-dependent transcript 2) is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. (transhumanist.ru)

Activation of wild-type RET is important in several cancers where it contributes to tumor progression through various mechanisms. (morulaivf.com)
miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK2, and CDK4) were significantly involved in the regulation of cell cycle downstream of TSPAN12. (molcells.org)
Here using an in vitro cell-free DNA replication system we analyse the interplay between Ciz1 and cyclin A/CDK2 in regulation of the initiation phase of DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
This demonstrates that Ciz1 modulates and enhances the activity of cyclin A-CDK2 in cell free DNA replication assays and that Ciz1 increases the permissive CDK range that can promote DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA (PubMed:28666995). (neobiotechnologies.com)
Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. (neobiotechnologies.com)

However, cytoplasmic functions and targets of Ccnd1 in post-mitotic neurons are unknown. (bvsalud.org)
Overall, our findings molecularly link Ccnd1-Cdk4 to GABAARs activity in the central nervous system and highlight a novel role for this G1 cyclin in neuronal signalling. (bvsalud.org)
Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. (neobiotechnologies.com)

Yeast G1 cyclins also operate on cytoplasmic targets involved in the polarization of the cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. (bvsalud.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. (genetex.com)
Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis. (genetex.com)
RT-PCR and Microarray were used to research gene appearance in TSPY expressing cells. (careersfromscience.org)
Indeed, HIV-1 virus deleted of nef failed to induce cyclin D 1 mRNA to the level of other single gene mutant viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations raise the possibility that HIV-1 gene products may interact with mitogenic pathways in infected renal epithelium to cause aberrant cell-cycle engagement. (biomedcentral.com)
The research interests of the Wolgemuth lab focus on understanding the genetic control of gametogenesis and embryogenesis using mouse models and gene targeting, transgenic, and molecular and cell biological approaches. (columbia.edu)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of human cancers. (platcovid.com)
Our study results indicate that DTL is a potential novel target gene for treating liver cancer through liver cancer cell senescence induction. (transhumanist.ru)

Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)

Cln instability thus provides a means to couple Cln-Cdc28 activity to transcriptional regulation and protein synthetic rate in pre-Start G1 cells. (uky.edu)

however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cyclin F are poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)

Cyclin accumulation in G1 is driven in part by the cell-cycle-regulated transcription of CLN1 and CLN2, which peaks at Start. (uky.edu)
However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G 1 , resulting in abrogation of G 1 , arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27 Kipl . (elsevierpure.com)
However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1, resulting in abrogation of G1, arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27Kipl. (elsevierpure.com)
Additionally, 2HF inhibited efflux of doxorubicin and increased its accumulation in the cells, but did not add to the transport inhibitory effect of anti-Rlip antibodies alone. (oncotarget.com)
Main methods: Cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was assessed by MTT assays, and lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O. Adipogenesis related factors were checked by Western blot analysis. (kist.re.kr)
[ 2 ] Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)

β-TrCP recognizes cyclin F through a non-canonical degron site (TSGXXS) after its phosphorylation by casein kinase II. (ox.ac.uk)
Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry. (neobiotechnologies.com)
This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Phosphorylation assays also revealed that at least three kinase complexes (Cdc2Ms A/B, D and F) were successively active in G2/M cells after synchronization. (bibbase.org)
PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)

All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Orderly progressions of events in the cell division cycle are necessary to ensure the replication of DNA and cell division. (ox.ac.uk)
During the mitotic mammalian cell cycle cells faithfully replicate their DNA utilizing multiple DNA replication sites known as origins of replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
Replication is catalysed by processive replication enzymes known as DNA polymerases and is limited to the synthesis phase (S phase) of the cell cycle. (lancs.ac.uk)
Next the inhibitory effect of Ap4A in cell free DNA replication assays is studied. (lancs.ac.uk)
Here we find that the replication fork progresses at 1.3kbp/min in mouse fibroblast cells, consistent with other studies, and quantify replication fork stalling by replication inhibitor aphidicolin. (lancs.ac.uk)
These data demonstrate the potential for cell free DNA replication assays to be combined with DNA combing to dissect replication parameters and characterise DNA replication stress in future studies. (lancs.ac.uk)
Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
With each replication event the amount of dye in the cell is decreased, leading to a characteristic pattern. (bdbiosciences.com)

β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
The degradation of cyclin F mediated by β-TrCP occurs at the G2/M transition. (ox.ac.uk)
Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. (genetex.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)

which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (wikipedia.org)
The individual TSPY is certainly portrayed in both fetal and adult testes [2 4 8 It really is localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of embryonic gonocytes and adult spermatogonial cells [4 8 In particular the spermatogonial cells are the only cells in the male capable of entering both LY2606368 mitotic and meiotic cell division. (careersfromscience.org)
Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis. (nih.gov)
The cells are polyhedral and have abundant granular cytoplasm with well-defined cell borders. (medscape.com)

This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (genetex.com)

These processes are mainly controlled by the small GTPase Cdc42, and G1 cyclins regulate the activity of this and other small GTPases through the modulation of their regulators and effectors. (bvsalud.org)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Temperature-Induced uncoupling of cell cycle regulators. (nih.gov)
Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
Our results demonstrated that targeting DTL reduced cell cycle regulators and chromosome segregation genes, resulting in increased cell micronucleation. (transhumanist.ru)

However, it is not known whether the entire range of CDK activity is necessary for cell cycle progression, or whether cells can tolerate a reduction in CDK activity level. (crick.ac.uk)

Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
Most of the identified module pairs cover cooperative pathways and components essential to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)
A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)

DTL depletion inhibited liver cancer cell growth, increased senescence, and reduced tumorigenesis. (transhumanist.ru)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

Checkpoint systems allow the accurate execution of each cell-cycle phase. (ox.ac.uk)
These filaments also bind and recruit cofactors whose activities help execute abscission and/or delay abscission timing in response to mitotic errors via the NoCut/Abscission checkpoint. (elifesciences.org)
Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)
A yeast cell cycle pulse generator model shows consistency with multiple oscillatory and checkpoint mutant datasets. (duke.edu)
Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)

Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Microarray evaluation demonstrates that lots of genes mixed up in cell routine and apoptosis are influenced by TSPY appearance in Cdh13 the HeLa cells. (careersfromscience.org)
Here, we ask whether the expression of HIV-1 genes in infected podocytes induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression, hallmarks of cyclin D1-mediated G 1 → S phase progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Long-term efforts of this project will involve developing RAR-alpha selective antagonists, identifying the target genes of RAR-alpha, and determining their function in germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions. (columbia.edu)
Orthologous to several human genes including CCNB1 (cyclin B1). (nih.gov)
A set of cdc2-related genes (cdc2Ms A, B, D and F) was expressed in G2 and M cells. (bibbase.org)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

This CDK activity buffer is needed for mitotic completion when CDK activity is compromised, and CDK inhibition only becomes lethal to cells when this buffer is exhausted. (crick.ac.uk)
Targeting DTL induces cell cycle arrest and senescence and suppresses cell growth and colony formation through TPX2 inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (transhumanist.ru)
A rescue assay indicated that DTL should be targeted through TPX2 downregulation for cancer cell growth inhibition. (transhumanist.ru)

CLN transcription is modulated by physiological signals that regulate G1 progression, but it is unclear whether Cln protein stability is cell- cycle-regulated. (uky.edu)
HIV-1-infected podocytes showed markedly elevated cyclin D 1 mRNA and cyclin D 1 protein, the latter of which did not down-regulate during cell-cell contact or differentiation, suggesting post-transcriptional stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein levels by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)

Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself is produced by fusion of two gametes, each having been produced by meiotic cell division. (wikipedia.org)

The aberrant cell-cycle progression of HIV-1-infected kidney cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy, however the mechanisms whereby HIV-1 induces infected glomerular podocytes or infected tubular epithelium to exit quiescence are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)

Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)

Plogosertib is under clinical development by Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals and currently in Phase II for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
According to GlobalData, Phase II drugs for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma have a 40% phase transition success rate (PTSR) indication benchmark for progressing into Phase III. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
In most eukaryotes, commitment to cell division occurs in late G1 phase at an event called Start in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and called the restriction point in mammalian cells. (uky.edu)
But here we show that G1 cyclins are unstable in G1 phase, and that Clb- Cdc28 activity is not needed for G1 cyclin turnover. (uky.edu)
Endothall elevated the kinase activity of p13suc1-bound fractions in G2-phase alfalfa cells. (bibbase.org)
In this study, using invadopodia- and cell cycle- fluorescent markers, we show in 2D and 3D cell cultures, as well as in vivo , that breast carcinoma cells assemble invadopodia and invade into the surrounding ECM preferentially during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biorxiv.org)
Cells synchronized in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle degrade at significantly higher levels during the first 20 hours post-synchronization release. (biorxiv.org)
Flow cytometry was used to analyze the mitotic cell cycle during the mitotic clonal expansion phase. (kist.re.kr)
Apigenin-treated 3T3-L1 cells failed to undergo clonal expansion during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation. (kist.re.kr)
Apigenin arrested cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase. (kist.re.kr)
The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase, the phase between mitotic events, and the mitotic phase, where the mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
During the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, DNA polymerases incorporate a variety of nucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine) into the newly extending strands of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)

In mammalian cells cytoplasmic G1 cyclin D1 has been shown to promote the activity of Rac1 and Ral GTPases and to block RhoA. (bvsalud.org)
PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)

This MAb recognizes a 27kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. (neobiotechnologies.com)
Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)

The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
It functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- � � induced G1 arrest. (neobiotechnologies.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)

Yet, the mechanisms are largely unknown whereby HIV-1 subverts the cell-cycle controls that normally maintain renal epithelial in G 0 . (biomedcentral.com)
These results are consistent with previous studies and demonstrate that our methodology is effective for studying cooperative mechanisms in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, our results provide insights into molecular mechanisms for targeting DTL in liver cancer cells. (transhumanist.ru)
Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)

The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. (wikipedia.org)
Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be cleanly divided between progeny cells. (wikipedia.org)
DNA is replicated to provide each daughter cell a complete copy of the genome. (lancs.ac.uk)
The latest advances in the field of spinal cord development and its regeneration following damage were discussed at a recent EMBO workshop 'Spinal cord development and regeneration' in Sitges, Spain (October, 2014), highlighting the use of direct visualization of cellular processes, genome-wide molecular techniques and the development of methods for directed stem cell differentiation and regeneration. (biologists.com)

Important regulator of cell cycle progression. (neobiotechnologies.com)

In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
Consistent with a reduced level of GBF1 activity at the Golgi membrane there is a reduction in levels of membrane-associated GTP-bound ARF in mitotic cells. (aston.ac.uk)
This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
Also, PIG3 has been reported to have oxidoreductase enzymatic activity ( 4 ), this provides direct evidence of PIG3's participation in the generation of ROS in cells. (ijbs.com)
1 After cell division, cells either enter another cell cycle or reduce their CDK activity and enter the quiescent state. (bdbiosciences.com)

Genetic control of mammalian germ cell differentiation. (columbia.edu)
Finally, the lab is pursuing studies on the role of retinoid signaling during male germ cell differentiation, again in using molecular genetic approaches in the mouse model, and more recently, pharmacologic intervention. (columbia.edu)
Key findings: Among five flavonoids isolated from GFF, only apigenin potently inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. (kist.re.kr)
therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)

J Cell Biol (2007) 179 (7): 1337-1345. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol, 2007 Jun 18. (nih.gov)
Nature Cell Biol. (nature.com)

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells, but there are alternative manners of division, such as budding, that have been observed. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial cell division happens through binary fission or sometimes through budding. (wikipedia.org)

We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

IHC-P analysis of human tonsil tissue using GTX33611 Cyclin D1 antibody [RM241]. (genetex.com)
Tissue specificity of cyclin B expression in D. melanogaster]. (nih.gov)
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
The meeting, organized by Elisa Martí (IBMB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain), Jonas Muhr (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) and Kate Storey (University of Dundee, UK), brought together international researchers interested in spinal cord development and those who are developing strategies to restore the function of the spinal cord in pathological situations using regeneration of the damaged tissue, including controlled cell replacement. (biologists.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)

If the chromosomal number is reduced, eukaryotic cell division is classified as meiosis (reductional division). (wikipedia.org)

In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
Using cell synchronization methods we present that TSPY is certainly with the capacity of mediating an instant transition from the cells through the G2/M stage. (careersfromscience.org)

This, in turn, creates a clonal population of a single abnormal cell. (medscape.com)

Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
Although Hürthle cell carcinoma was previously considered a variant of follicular cell neoplasms, which are generally less aggressive, the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumors reclassified it as a distinct entity. (medscape.com)
Some investigators believe that this condition is distinct from other follicular cell neoplasms. (medscape.com)

Reportedly, low p27 expression has been associated with unfavorable prognosis in renal cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast carcinomas, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and lymph node metastases in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, as well as a more aggressive phenotype in carcinoma of the cervix. (neobiotechnologies.com)

In Western blotting of cell lysates from 7 human breast cancer cell lines (ZR75-1, ZR75-30, MCF-7, MDAMB453, T47D, CAL51, 734B), the antibody labels a single band corresponding to p27Kip1. (neobiotechnologies.com)

As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)
Despite the reduced levels of membrane bound GBF1 and ARF, COPI binding to the Golgi membrane appears unaffected in mitotic cells. (aston.ac.uk)
In adult normal kidneys, AQP1 was localized to apical and basolateral membrane domains of PT and DTL , whereas AQP2 was restricted to principal cells of CD. (transhumanist.ru)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms13

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Kinases23

Mitosis24

Spindle6

Proliferation31

Inhibitors9

Proteins13

CDK15

CDKs4

Budding yeast1

Dependent15

Tumor progression2

CDK25

CCND13

Targets2

Gene9

Proliferating cell nu1

Instability1

Regulation1

Accumulation6

Phosphorylation5

Replication11

Degradation5

Cytoplasm4

CDK41

Regulators5

Necessary for cell cycle progression1

Induce1

Pathways2

Complexes2

Tumorigenesis2

Checkpoint5

Genes8

Inhibition3

Regulate2

Meiotic cell division1

Aberrant2

Orderly1

Regulates1

Phase12

Mammalian cells2

Regulatory2

Arrest5

Mechanisms5

Genome4

Regulator1

Activity7

Differentiation4

Biol3

Fission2

Vitro3

Tissue5

Eukaryotic cell1

Transition2

Clonal1

Trigger1

Distinct3

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

P27Kip11

Membrane4