• It was identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate CDK2 kinase, thus prevent the activation of CDK2 kinase. (origene.com)
  • Five out of eight cases (63%) displayed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) abnormalities, either copy number loss (n = 4) or truncating mutations (n = 1). (lu.se)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cyclins are a group of proteins that play a key role in the control and regulation of the cell cycle. (iiarjournals.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the patched family of proteins and a component of the hedgehog signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • The Sox9 gene is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells to chondrocytes and, together with the related L-Sox5 and Sox6 proteins, controls chondrocyte-specific gene expression [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What you actually find in the genome are coding genes that produce proteins, coupled to regulatory elements that switch the coding genes off and on using a kind of sophisticated boolean logic. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • The work supports the idea that cancer-causing proteins like cyclin D1 may drive cancer progression in part via miRNA biogenesis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • a map is constructed that shows interactions among molecular entities (such as genes, proteins and RNAs), using information from literature and databases. (hindawi.com)
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Tumours from 557 incident cases of CRC, assembled in tissue microarrays, were evaluated for expression of cyclin D1, mismatch repair proteins, beta-catenin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry, and further, EGFR gene copy number (GCN) alterations by brightfield double-in situ hybridization. (lu.se)
  • Cyclin D2 was found to be amplified in one tumor and cyclin E in another. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The aim of the current study was to explore whether the CNVs of specific tumor-associated genes are involved in parathyroid carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • A multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method was used to compare differences in copy number in 39 common tumor-associated genes among 7 patients with parathyroid carcinoma and 14 age- and sex-matched subjects with parathyroid adenoma. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. (nih.gov)
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The genes in the second group are called tumor suppressors. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Using antisense RNA, Dr. Pestell's group was the first to show that cyclin D1 drives mammary tumor growth in vivo. (sciencedaily.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Tissue specificity of cyclin B expression in D. melanogaster]. (nih.gov)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Expression of cyclin D1 has been reported to be a strong predictor for the clinical outcome of OSCC ( 4 ), and amplification of CCND1 was found significantly more frequently in patients with OSCC than in healthy controls ( 5 ), suggesting the predictive and prognostic value of this molecule and its potential as a therapeutic target. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using in situ hybridization the d1- and d3-cyclin gene expression has been shown in pea ( Pisum sativum L.) root meristem cells under slow horizontal clinorotation and in the stationary conditions. (cytgen.com)
  • The clinorotation effect on expression of these genes during pea root germination was detected. (cytgen.com)
  • Our data suggest that transcriptional induction of the Atf3 gene in maturing chondrocytes results in down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin A expression as well as activation of RUNX2-dependent transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we aimed to investigate the association of FLT3 -ITD gene mutation with bone marrow blast cell count, CD34 expression as malignant cell burden, cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL expressions as indexes of cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression as cytarabine transporter during AML treatment. (iranpath.org)
  • We investigated FLT3 -ITD mutations, bone marrow blast cell count, CD34, cyclin D1, Bcl-xL and hENT1 expression in bone marrow aspirates from 22 de novo AML patients in a cross sectional study. (iranpath.org)
  • A significant association was found between FLT3 -ITD gene mutations in AML patients with bone marrow blast cell count, CD34, cyclin D1 and hENT1 expressions, however no association was obtained with Bcl-xL expression. (iranpath.org)
  • Only one case with wild-type p53 gene showed normal level expression of p53 regulatory-factors (p33ING1, p14ARF, and MDM2). (nih.gov)
  • Altered expression of this gene has been observed in multiple human cancers. (cancerindex.org)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
  • Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • In prior work, they showed that cyclin D1 regulates the non coding genome, and that the non-coding genome, in turn, regulates expression of cyclin D1. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dr. Pestell and colleagues developed transgenic mice that could induce cyclin D1 expression in the breast and examined cells with cyclin D1 gene deleted. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They found that patients with the luminal A subtype of breast cancer had increased levels of expression of both cyclin D1 and Dicer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potent effectors in gene regulatory networks where aberrant miRNA expression can contribute to human diseases such as cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • For a better understanding of the regulatory role of miRNAs in coordinating gene expression, we here present a systems biology approach combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments. (hindawi.com)
  • Like many cyclins, the expression of cyclin C oscillates throughout the cell cycle, with a peak observed during G1 phase. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Because Cdc2 kinase is important for cell entry into mitosis, cyclin C's ability to regulate cell cycle progression may be attributed, in part, to modulation of Cdc2 protein expression.6 Cyclin C has a predicted molecular weight of 36 kD. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This process is mediated by various enzymes modifying chromatin structures to achieve the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in gene expression files. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whether the inhibition of eIF4E was responsible for the observed toxicity and death was studied by silencing the cellular expression of eIF4E gene by employing a small interfering RNA (SiRNA) specifically targeting the eIF4E gene. (cdc.gov)
  • The SiRNAmediated silencing of eIF4E gene expression resulted in significant cytotoxicity and cell death suggesting that the cytotoxicity and cell death noticed among the Cdtreated cells were probably due to the chemical-induced inhibition of eIF4E gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Pre-exposure of cells to proteasome inhibitors blocked the Cd-induced inhibition of eIF4E gene expression as well as the resulting cytotoxicity and cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, exposure of cells to Cd resulted in a significant inhibition of expression of the cell cycle and growth regulating gene, cyclin D1. (cdc.gov)
  • Transfection of cells with SiRNA specifically targeting eIF4E gene expression also resulted in a significant inhibition of cyclin D1 gene expression suggesting that the observed inhibition of cyclin D1 gene in the Cd-treated cells is most likely mediated through inhibition of eIF4E gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exposure of cells to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death due to the enhanced ubiquitination and proteolysis and the consequent inhibition of eIF4E gene expression leading to diminished cellular level of critical genes such as cyclin D1. (cdc.gov)
  • How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)
  • Cyclin D2 gene variance and expression level in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • Mutations of this gene have been associated with basal cell nevus syndrome and holoprosencephaly. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations of PTCH1 gene in two pedigrees with bifid rib-basal cell nevus-jaw cyst syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • At least eight mutations in the CDKN1B gene have been found to cause a relatively rare form of multiple endocrine neoplasia called type 4. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the CDKN1B gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the p27 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in the CDKN1B gene have also been found to cause tumors in single endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland or the parathyroid glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic CDKN1B gene mutations have been identified in sporadic (nonfamilial) pituitary adenomas and in sporadic parathyroid adenomas, which are noncancerous tumors of the parathyroid glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In patients with FLT3 -ITD mutations, CD34 and cyclin D1 expressions were higher (MFI 328.80 vs 25.78, p =0.003 and MFI 74.51 vs 57.15 p =0.005) than the patients without mutations. (iranpath.org)
  • Importance of detecting FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia - World Health Organization classification 2008. (iranpath.org)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Mutations in established ATC-related genes were observed, including TP53, BRAF, ARID1A, and RB1, and overrepresentation of mutations were also noted in 13 additional cancer genes. (lu.se)
  • For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • and includes blood testing for hormone excess and genetic testing to identify the causative mutation in the CDKN1B gene. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cyclin A degradation employs preferentially used lysines and a cyclin box function other than Cdk1 binding. (nih.gov)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin C associates with Cdk8, forming a complex which can induce gene transcription of Cdc2 (Cdk1). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • The model is based on a bicyclic phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascade involving cyclin and cdc2 kinase. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Cyclin C may play a dual role within the cell in its ability to regulate both cell cycle progression as well as gene transcription. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
  • Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in breast cancer and prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • We had shown earlier that transcription of the cell cycle genes cyclin D1 and cyclin A in chondrocytes is dependent on CREs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that overexpression of ATF3 in primary mouse chondrocytes results in reduced transcription of both genes, as well as decreased activity of a CRE reporter plasmid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Repression of cyclin A transcription by ATF3 required the CRE in the cyclin A promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
  • Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a key transcription factor (TF) that regulates a common set of genes related to the cell cycle in various cell types. (mdpi.com)
  • It also modulates gene transcription and recombination [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In vivo SIP1, or Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), binds "to potential SIP1-binding sites (Z-boxes) located in the vicinity of the cyclin D1 transcription start site. (wikiversity.org)
  • The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
  • The genetic status of cyclin genes was examined in a panel of 47 colorectal carcinoma cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Modern molecular methods, including genetic markers, cytokines, proliferation indexes, and cyclins, are all undergoing study to help determine which atypical moles may progress to melanoma, although no single marker has been determined. (medscape.com)
  • Gene-environment analyses reveal novel genetic candidates with prenatal tobacco exposure in relation to risk for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of the clinical similarity between MEN 1 and MEN 4, patients with this constellation of symptoms should undergo genetic testing utilizing a panel of genes that includes both MEN1 and CDKN1B . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Miller, M. E. & Cross, F. R. Cyclin specificity: how many wheels do you need on a unicycle? (nature.com)
  • A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the dual specificity protein phosphatase family. (origene.com)
  • Background/Aim: Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) has a G to A polymorphism at the splice donor site of exon 4, position 870. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Cyclin D1, a 45-kDa protein encoded by the cyclin D1 gene ( CCND1 ) on 11q13, is one such molecule. (iiarjournals.org)
  • It was shown that amplification of CCND1, a gene encoding cyclin D1, was more prevalent in parathyroid carcinomas than in adenomas (71 vs. 21 %, p = 0.056). (nih.gov)
  • cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory. (wikigenes.org)
  • A gene regulatory network has been formed with the top ranked coding genes to identify their role in causing diabetes. (researchgate.net)
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • The systems biology approach, combining data-driven modeling and model-driven experiments, provides a systematic and comprehensive perspective on the regulatory roles of miRNAs in gene regulatory networks [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To investigate a gene regulatory network, an iterative process of four steps is needed. (hindawi.com)
  • In turn, these hypotheses, which provide reasonable explanations for the biological phenomenon, lead to an enhanced understanding of the gene regulatory network. (hindawi.com)
  • The application of the systems biology approach to the analysis of a gene regulatory network is demonstrated with a case study of the regulation of p21 by multiple miRNAs [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The identity of this protein has not been determined, but may represent an alternative splice product of the cyclin C gene, as has been identified in other species. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cyclin C has been identified in both human and chicken species. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In each of the two cases, the amplified cyclin gene was overexpressed at the protein or mRNA level. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interestingly, in eight cases with p53 wild-type gene, 6 cases (75%) showed a marked down-regulation of p14ARF mRNA, and three cases (37.5%) over-expressed MDM2 mRNA. (nih.gov)
  • All four cases with loss of the CDKN2A locus (encoding p16 and p14arf) also exhibited loss of the neighboring CDKN2B gene (encoding p15ink4b), and displayed reduced CDKN2A/2B mRNA levels. (lu.se)
  • Cyclin Dl, previously shown to be amplified in breast and other tumors, was not amplified in these cancers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • This gene was reported to be deleted, mutated, or overexpressed in several kinds of cancers. (origene.com)
  • The more aggressive basal-like subtype of breast cancers, however, exhibited lower levels of cyclin D1 and Dicer, which would in turn globally reduce the level of mature miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Because the cyclin D1 gene has been implicated in a variety of other human cancers these findings may have broad implications for processing of non coding RNA in human tumorigenesis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • The delay of degradation of cyclin subunits is the cause of G1-phase prolongation under clinorotation leading to delay of pea seed germination. (cytgen.com)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
  • In the current study, the group sought to investigate the mechanism by which cyclin D1 regulates the biogenesis of non coding miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This truncated variant, cyclin D1b, does not have the part which is required for export from the nucleus into other cell localizations and therefore has higher transforming activity ( 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Matches all models having model elements that were annotated with Gene Ontology term cell growth. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Each cell carries this complex collection of regulated genes independently and identically, but the boolean logic circuits produce different outputs varying with the inputs from the environment and the diverging histories of each cell. (scienceblogs.com)
  • For instance, there is no code anywhere in the genome that commands the forelimbs to make five and only five digits: instead, a cascade of genes and cell movements produce a patterned tissue that in us contains sufficient mass and is of a size to generate five nuclei of condensing tissue that produce fingers. (scienceblogs.com)
  • In order to understand what a particular gene does, you have to understand what all the other genes do, as well as all the details of signaling and cell interactions that are going on, oh, and also, it's entire developmental history, since epigenetic interactions can shape the future behavior of a cell lineage. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • In addition to its role in regulating the cell cycle, cyclin D1 induces Dicer and thereby promotes the maturation of miRNA," says lead researcher Richard Pestell, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University and Chair of the Department of Cancer Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
  • More recently, cyclins are being shown to have additional functions not restricted to cell cycle regulation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • PCBP1 is both reasonably highly expressed and has a low Gini coefficient in both tissues and cell lines, and is an excellent novel housekeeping gene. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genes of Predisposition to Childhood Beta-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Kazakh Population. (cdc.gov)
  • CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin. (cancercentrum.se)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • These data suggest that a variety of cyclin genes can play a role in human tumorigenesis and that cyclins D2 and E are particularly important in a subset of colorectal neoplasms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gene copy number variations (CNVs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
  • Search on a gene symbol or gene name keyword(s). (jax.org)
  • No human diseases associated to this gene by orthology or annotation . (mousephenotype.org)
  • I have a bit of a peeve with a common analogy for the human genome: that it is the blueprint of the body, and that we can find a mapping of genes to details of our morphological organization. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Human Cyclin C polypeptide fragment aa. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The polyclonal antiserum reacts with human and mouse cyclin C. A polypeptide fragment containing amino acids 290-303 (QGPNGSQNSSYSQS) at the C-terminus of human cyclin C, with the addition of a C-terminal cysteine (C) residue to facilitate conjugation to KLH, was used as immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The identity of the higher molecular weight band (~ 45 kD) has not been determined, but may represent an alternative splice product of the cyclin C gene. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cyclin-O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNO gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The researchers noticed that cells lacking cyclin D1 produced less of the miRNA-processing protein, Dicer, and therefore had reduced levels of mature miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The group also examined cells lacking Dicer, and noted many similarities between Dicer-lacking and cyclin D1-lacking cells, in addition to failure of miRNA processing, suggesting a deeper connection between these two processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The CDKN1B gene provides instructions for making a protein called p27. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apart from multiple endocrine neoplasia, the CDKN1B gene is rarely mutated in cancerous tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis. (nih.gov)
  • Cyclin O has been shown to interact with RPA2 and PCNA. (wikipedia.org)