• CDK-activating kinase (CAK) activates the cyclin-CDK complex by phosphorylating threonine residue 160 in the CDK activation loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vertebrates and Drosophila, CAK is a trimeric protein complex consisting of Cdk7 (a Cdk-related protein kinase), cyclin H, and Mat1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of the Cyclin B/Cdc2 kinase complex triggers entry into mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. (duke.edu)
  • Consequently, most cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)/cyclin complexes are localized to the nucleus when active. (duke.edu)
  • Targeted drugs such as thyrosine kinase inhibitors and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are widely used in cancer patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • Ribociclib and palbociclib are oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that arrest the cell cycle by inhibiting DNA synthesis inhibition[9]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Agonist (100 nM 8-OH-DPAT) (D) treatment of freely dividing HN2-5 cells caused stimulation of PKC (Physique 1a) [25,26,27,28,29], which was blocked by the 5-HT1A-R antagonist WAY100635 (WAY) (10 M) but not by an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 kinase MEK (U0126) (U) (10 M) (Physique 1a). (thetechnoant.info)
  • P21cip1 is a general cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that functions in cell cycle arrest. (umaryland.edu)
  • Cyclin dependent kinase-3 (Cdk3) is a positive regulator of the G1 mammalian cell cycle phase. (umn.edu)
  • The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
  • Right chromosome segregation is closely controlled by mitotic kinases such as cyclin dependent NIMA related kinase 2, Pololike kinase, kinase 1 and Aurora kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
  • We found that 4HPR-induced inhibition of PC cell migration and invasion correlates with decreased FAK and AKT phosphorylation, activation of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) and β-catenin destabilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In culture, IGF-I has two functions, one is to promote the survival of differentiating granule cells and the other is to stimulate the proliferation of granule cell precursors. (umaryland.edu)
  • Here, we demonstrate that a systemic factor found in the circulation of young mice is able to increase the proliferation rate of old pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In some cases, the decline in proliferation reaches an irreversible state called cellular senescence, which is characterized by a total lack of cell divisions and altered cellular morphology, gene expression profile, and chromatin organization ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition, AKT/mTOR signaling and MAPK signaling were inhibited by JIB extract to suppress melanoma cell growth and proliferation. (medsci.org)
  • The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
  • Here, we demonstrated that chaetocin dramatically inhibited the proliferation in ESCC cells by causing cycle arrest in the M phase and activating the caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathway in vitro , and we also found that chaetocin induced the accumulation cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). (aging-us.com)
  • Moreover, the MST1/2 inhibitor XMU-MP-1 not only partially rescued the inhibitory effect chaetocin-induced proliferation, but also rescued the chaetocin-induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. (aging-us.com)
  • BCSCs have the ability to self-renew and represent a relatively quiescent subpopulation of tumor cells that can escape the effects of chemotherapy because of their slower rate of proliferation, expression of drug transporters that can expel chemotherapeutics and higher DNA repair potential (5, 6). (springernature.com)
  • Overall, the results revealed that the green-synthetized AgNPs had anti-metastasis and anti-proliferation effects on lung cancer cells in comparison to cisplatin with lower side effects on the normal cell line. (springeropen.com)
  • We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (biologists.com)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cells often rewire metabolic pathways to balance ATP production for supporting rapidly tumor proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • For producing energy sufficient to maintain cancer cell proliferation, glutaminolysis is also often elevated in most of cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is essential to generate energy required for cell proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Effects of RAD001 and letrozole (alone and in combination) on the proliferation and survival of MCF7/Aro and T47D/Aro cells were evaluated using proliferation assays, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and apoptosis analyses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Finally, we determined that knockdown of LIPT1 gene expression inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we verified that LIPT1 may promote proliferation, invasion and migration of LIHC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we found that BMP-2, a 4HPR target with antiangiogenic activity, decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by down-regulating the pathway described involving AKT phosphorylation, β-catenin stability and cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a consequence, 4HPR led to the regulation of genes controlling cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Table of Cdk-activating Kinases http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199206100/resources/figures/nsp-cellcycle-3-3-3_7.jpg. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and positive modulators were down-regulated, while CDK inhibitors and negative cell cycle modulators were up-regulated during postnatal maturation of cardiomyocytes. (scitechnol.com)
  • Key components supplier CX-4945 of these paths are protein kinases that are critical for the appropriate time of each cell cycle stage. (smadpathway.com)
  • Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)
  • These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)
  • Although all three kinases have been reported to play a role in stem cell maintenance, there have been no previous simultaneous inhibitor. (springernature.com)
  • Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Transition of the preRC to an active initiation complex is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases and other signaling molecules, which promote further protein assembly and activate the mini chromosome maintenance helicase. (usc.edu)
  • Within cell cycle evaluation, we found an elevated percentage of sub-G0/G1 cells, recommending the activation of apoptosis (not really shown). (p38-mapk-inhibitors.com)
  • In addition, ebastine treatment exerted obvious effects on cell cycle arrest, metastasis inhibition, apoptosis and autophagy induction both in vitro and in vivo . (ijbs.com)
  • Additionally, JIB extract induced B16/F10 cell apoptosis via the caspase cascade. (medsci.org)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • CK2 interacts with AKT1 and Cyclin D1, and regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, energy metabolism, and DNA repair (8). (springernature.com)
  • Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The purpose of the current study was to determine if inhibition of protein synthesis caused by silvestrol triggers autophagy and apoptosis in cultured human cancer cells derived from solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silvestrol potently inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells through induction of early autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silvestrol represents a natural product scaffold that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity and could be used for the further study of autophagy and its relationship to apoptosis in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Res effectively suppress the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by ISO, characterized by the reduction of the myocardial cell surface area, the ANP gene expression, the LDH and MDA leakage amount and the rate of cell apoptosis, while decrease of the protein expression of GRP78, GRP94 and CHOP, and reverse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. (karger.com)
  • Natural product anticancer agents enhance intracellular levels of ceramide, a sphingolipid that promotes cell apoptosis. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Since Cdks need to be free of Cdk inhibitor proteins (CKIs) and associated with cyclins in order to be activated, CAK activity is considered to be indirectly regulated by cyclins. (wikipedia.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Proteins that undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis are subject to lysosomal degradation, requiring radioiodination methods that minimize loss of radioactivity from tumor cells after this process occurs. (duke.edu)
  • He mentioned this to David Stillman , who was at Stanford to interview for a faculty position, and who studied cell cycle regulation of proteins as a postdoc in Kim Nasmyth 's lab at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the U.K. Stillman pointed out that ribonucleotide reductase was cell cycle regulated-rather than remaining stable, the RNA and protein levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)
  • Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
  • We further revealed that chaetocin triggered the activation of Hippo pathway in ESCC cells, which is characterized by elevated phosphorylation levels of almost all core proteins in Hippo pathway, such as MST1 (Thr183), MST2 (Thr180), MOB1 (Thr35), LAST1 (Thr1079 and Ser909) and YAP (Ser127), ultimately leading to decreased nuclear translocation of YAP. (aging-us.com)
  • Many proteins, including cyclin B, control these checkpoints. (edu.vn)
  • There are many proteins that are turned on or off (gene activation or gene silencing) that dramatically alter the overall activity of the cell. (edu.vn)
  • Histone proteins that surround that region lack the acetylation modification that is present when the genes are expressed in normal cells. (edu.vn)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)
  • In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
  • Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
  • Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death in tumor, which is characterized by accumulation of intracellular copper leading to the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoproteins and destabilization of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA in the cell is packaged with histone proteins into chromatin. (usc.edu)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In mammals, activating phosphorylation by CAK can only occur once cyclin is bound. (wikipedia.org)
  • In budding yeast, activating phosphorylation by CAK can take place before cyclin binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although activating phosphorylation by CAK is not exploited for cell-cycle regulation purposes, it is a highly conserved process because CAK also regulates transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Credit to: Oxford University Press "Morgan: The Cell Cycle" Cdkactivation http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199206100/resources/figures/nsp-cellcycle-3-3-3_8.jpg Credit to: Oxford University Press "Morgan: The Cell Cycle" The conformation of the Cdk2 active site changes dramatically upon cyclin binding and CAK phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • When CAK phosphorylates Cdk's threonine residue160, the T-loop flattens and interacts more closely with cyclin A. Phosphorylation also allows the Cdk to interact more effectively with substrates that contain the SPXK sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mitosis, Cyclin B1 undergoes phosphorylation at several sites, a subset of which have been proposed to play a role in Cyclin B1 accumulation in the nucleus. (duke.edu)
  • thus, we propose that Cyclin B1 phosphorylation at the G2/M transition prevents its interaction with CRM1, thereby reducing nuclear export and facilitating nuclear accumulation. (duke.edu)
  • One example of a gene modification that alters the growth rate is increased phosphorylation of cyclin B, a protein that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and serves as a cell-cycle checkpoint protein. (edu.vn)
  • The phosphorylation of cyclin B, a post-translational event, alters its function. (edu.vn)
  • Therefore, changes in histone acetylation (epigenetic modification that leads to gene silencing), activation of transcription factors by phosphorylation, increased RNA stability, increased translational control, and protein modification can all be detected at some point in various cancer cells. (edu.vn)
  • Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • 4HPR was able to decrease AKT phosphorylation also when powerfully upregulated by IGF-1 and, consequently, to impair IGF-1-stimulated cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data point to 4HPR as a negative regulator of AKT phosphorylation, effectively targeting the β-catenin pathway and inducing a relatively benign phenotype in prostate cancer cells, limiting neoangiogenesis and cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations can also alter the growth rate or the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (edu.vn)
  • Some studies showed that blocking cell cycle progression ameliorated fibrosis. (nature.com)
  • Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although for years most studies have focused on tumor cells, allowing the discovery of numerous key (epi)-genetic aberrations and oncogenic pathways, it is now widely accepted that ecosystem integration is also critical for the understanding of cancer progression. (haematologica.org)
  • In addition, silvestrol blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G 2 -phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Ectopic expression of Cdk3 promoted colorectal cancer from epithelial to mesenchymal transition conjugating AP-1 activation, while AP-1 inhibition dramatically decreased Cdk3-increased EMT shift. (umn.edu)
  • Our data suggest that translational inhibition of B-cyclin expression represents a third mechanism, in addition to cyclin degradation and Rum1 inhibition, that contributes to Cdc2 inactivation as cells exit from the mitotic cell cycle and prepare for meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of selective NIK/alternative-NFkB inhibition to counteract microenvironment-dependent induction of IL32β and BAFF-dependent survival of MCL cells. (haematologica.org)
  • In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (biologists.com)
  • In the second step, CAK must phosphorylate the cyclin-Cdk complex on the threonine residue 160, which is located in the Cdk activation segment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Control of cyclin B1 localization through regulated binding of the nuclear export factor CRM1. (duke.edu)
  • We show here that the previously characterized cytoplasmic retention sequence of Cyclin B1, responsible for its interphase cytoplasmic localization, is actually an autonomous nuclear export sequence, capable of directing nuclear export of a heterologous protein, and able to bind specifically to the recently identified export mediator, CRM1. (duke.edu)
  • We propose that the observed cytoplasmic localization of Cyclin B1 during interphase reflects the equilibrium between ongoing nuclear import and rapid CRM1-mediated export. (duke.edu)
  • Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have shown the involvement of cell-autonomous factors in this phenomenon, particularly the decline of polycomb genes and accumulation of p16/INK4A. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In normal cells, some genes function to prevent excess, inappropriate cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • These are tumor suppressor genes, which are active in normal cells to prevent uncontrolled cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • There are many tumor suppressor genes in cells. (edu.vn)
  • Therefore, the mutation of p53 in cancer will dramatically alter the transcriptional activity of its target genes. (edu.vn)
  • Silencing genes through epigenetic mechanisms is also very common in cancer cells. (edu.vn)
  • In cancer cells, the DNA in the promoter region of silenced genes is methylated on cytosine DNA residues in CpG islands. (edu.vn)
  • Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • its interaction with TCF/LEF strongly promotes transcription of β-catenin target genes, such as c-MYC, Cyclin D1, and AXIN2 (11). (springernature.com)
  • Discoveries have shown that melanoma frequently harbors mutations that attenuate tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and PTEN, leading to cell cycle dysregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that 4HPR impairs DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells migration and invasion by down-regulating FAK and AKT activation and by enhancing β-catenin degradation, causing the downregulation of target genes like cyclin D1, survivin and VEGF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aggressive B-cell malignancies, such as mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), are microenvironment-dependent tumors and a better understanding of the dialogs occurring in lymphoma-protective ecosystems will provide new perspectives to increase treatment efficiency. (haematologica.org)
  • Cell growth, division, and motility are highly dependent upon an organized and dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • Silvestrol induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MDA-MB-435 cells responded to silvestrol treatment with accumulation of LC3-II and time-dependent p62 degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Take-n together, these results suggest that the effect of Rap1 depends o-n Rac1, while the effect of Rac1 is in-dependent of Rap1, hence arguing that Rac1 is located downstream of Rap1 in the spreading inducing signaling in v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • While most molecular biologists thought signaling pathways worked by sensing signals extrinsic to the cell and relaying the information to the nucleus, Elledge was proposing an internal signaling pathway that senses cell-intrinsic events. (the-scientist.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This finding is consistent with the idea that Rac1 is situated downstream of Rap1 in the signaling pathway that induces scattering of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Downregulation of Smed-Akt function also resulted in an increase of cell death throughout the animal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell cycle analysis and downregulation of cyclin D1 indicated cancer cell cessation in the G0/G1 phase. (springeropen.com)
  • Nuclear import of Cdk/cyclin complexes: identification of distinct mechanisms for import of Cdk2/cyclin E and Cdc2/cyclin B1. (duke.edu)
  • We show that B-cyclin translation is specifically inhibited upon nitrogen starvation of wild-type cells, when B-cyclin/Cdc2 inactivation is a prerequisite for G(1) arrest and subsequent mating. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
  • advanced organisms-including animals, plants, fungi, and protists-whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • mostly one-celled organisms, bacteria for example, whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • He began a series of live observations under the microscope using dyed samples of animal tissues and found that a particular mass of material inside the nucleus of cells absorbed the dye quite well. (visionlearning.com)
  • For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Elledge's idea that eukaryotic cells sense the progress of DNA replication and transform that information into a DNA-damage response was new. (the-scientist.com)
  • Those results led him to study how cells monitor roadblocks to replication and DNA damage, such as nicks and double-stranded breaks, and how the cell handles that information. (the-scientist.com)
  • The frequency of pancreatic β-cell replication declines dramatically with age, potentially contributing to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in old age. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Old mice parabiosed to young mice have increased β-cell replication compared with unjoined old mice or old mice parabiosed to old mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • conversely, young β-cells transplanted into old mice decrease their replication rate compared with young cells transplanted into young recipients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Cell division and DNA replication are crucial parts of life. (cshl.edu)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) President and CEO Bruce Stillman and other CSHL scientists have been working for decades to understand the intricacies of ORC, DNA replication, and cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
  • The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • Germline and somatic follicle cells mutant for dm exhibit a profound decrease in their ability to grow and to carry out endoreplication,a modified cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. (biologists.com)
  • When they hit a certain balance, ORC begins to assemble, while CDC6 binds to another duo of molecules called Cyclin E-CDK2. (cshl.edu)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The TME consists of various cellular components, including immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, along with soluble factors and signaling molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted in the accumulation of LC3 in cells treated with silvestrol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This suggests that CAK is not only involved in cell-cycle regulation but is also involved in transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Copper plays an important role in cells as a catalytic cofactor for essential enzymes involved in energy conversion, oxygen transport, and regulation of oxidative metabolism in cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since angiogenesis and metastatic spread are strictly related, in this study we analyzed the regulation of multiple signaling pathways responsible for cancer cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mouse cerebellar granule cells provide an excellent model to study the functions of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the survival and differentiation of CNS neurons. (umaryland.edu)
  • During the postnatal development of cerebellar granule cells, MEF2A expression appears to increase as granule cells undergo terminal differentiation. (umaryland.edu)
  • As a transcription factor, MEF2A might be part of the intrinsic mechanism which is involved in initiating and/or maintaining granule cell terminal differentiation. (umaryland.edu)
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can dramatically accelerate granule cell terminal differentiation and specifically upregulates p21cip1 expression. (umaryland.edu)
  • P21cip1 may be an integral component of the granule cell terminal differentiation program and also be required for maintaining differentiating granule cells in a postmitotic state. (umaryland.edu)
  • These studies revealed important new information about cerebellar granule cell development and may provide general insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal survival and differentiation. (umaryland.edu)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Levels of the B-cyclins Cig2 and Cdc13 are dramatically reduced upon inactivation of Ded1, and this reduction is independent of degradation by the anaphase promoting complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In both humans and yeast, cyclin binding is the rate limiting step in the activation of Cdk. (wikipedia.org)
  • These checkpoints act as molecular brakes on immune cells, preventing excessive activation and potential damage to healthy tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, M alone did not alter the activation level of ERK1/2 in AGN 205327 the HN2-5 cells (Physique S1). (thetechnoant.info)
  • Open in a separate window Physique 1 Serotonin 1A receptor-mediated activation of PKC and ERK1/2 in proliferating hippocampal neuron-derived HN2-5 cells. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Li L , Jiang H , Li Y , Xiang X , Chu Y , Tang J , Liu K , Huo D , Zhang X , . Chaetocin exhibits anticancer effects in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via activation of Hippo pathway. (aging-us.com)
  • Zhang Y, Matsushita N, Eigler T, Marbán E (2013) Targeted MicroRNA Interference Promotes Postnatal Cardiac Cell Cycle Re-Entry. (scitechnol.com)
  • The gradual decrease in the rate of cell division seen already in early postnatal life, before any evidence of senescence, is even less well-understood. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cellular therapy of bone injuries is a novel clinical treatment approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present dissertation, pure cultures of cerebellar granule cells and a variety of molecular and cellular approaches were used in studying the development of this neuronal population. (umaryland.edu)
  • Further, this study elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of nanoparticles for anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on human lung cancer cells (A549) and compared them with commercial drug cisplatin. (springeropen.com)
  • Due to its key role in the eukaryotic cell cycles, Plk1 has been one of the most validated drug targets for cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)
  • In support of this hypothesis, we found that treatment of cells with leptomycin B, which disrupted Cyclin B1-CRM1 interactions, led to a marked nuclear accumulation of Cyclin B1. (duke.edu)
  • In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • In silvestrol-treated cells, DAPI staining of nuclear chromatin displayed nucleosomal fragments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He found that RNR2 RNA levels increased dramatically, even more than the protein levels, upon exposure of cells to DNA damage and that mutations in RNR2 resulted in hypersensitivity to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • In two independent screens we isolated fission yeast mutations with phenotypes suggesting defects in B-cyclin function or expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In cancer cells, mutations modify cell-cycle control and cells don't stop growing as they normally would. (edu.vn)
  • As a result, cells can progress through the cell cycle unimpeded, even if mutations exist in the cell and its growth should be terminated. (edu.vn)
  • The precise mechanisms by which immune cells and their cytokines are regulated in bone healing remain unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (biologists.com)
  • 2006 There has been remarkable progress in the last 20 years in defining the molecular mechanisms that regulate initiation of DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. (usc.edu)
  • High B-cell numbers can result in tumors that can interfere with normal bodily function. (edu.vn)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 108600 as a single agent or in synergistic combination with chemotherapy dramatically inhibited growth of these chemotherapy resistant tumors by decreasing the ALDH high subpopulation within these tumors. (springernature.com)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By 24 h, a decrease in cyclin B and cyclin D expression was observed in silvestrol-treated cells relative to control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using ex vivo models of primary MCL cells (n=23), we demonstrated that, through the secretion of IL32β, the tumor was able to polarize monocytes into specific MCL-associated macrophages, which in turn favor tumor survival. (haematologica.org)
  • Proper cell division is essential for the health and survival buy Gemcitabine of cells and bacteria. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Besides, 12% of patients have second- or third-degree skin reactions that are sensitive to light, and about 18% of patients develop cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma or occurred at the same time [ 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • PXD020916 Abstract Meiosis can be a specific cell cycle that will require sequential changes towards the cell department equipment to facilitate changing features. (gasyblog.com)
  • In addition, Plk1 also prevented partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) of tubular epithelial cells via autophagy pathway. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
  • 2016 ). This study was conducted to analyze the anticancer effects of green-synthesized AgNPs using Juniperus polycarpos on A549 (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells) cell lines, as well as comparing it with Cisplatin commercial drug. (springeropen.com)
  • Elledge had found that Rnr2 protein levels increased when yeast cells were grown in the presence of agents that damaged DNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • A fission yeast general translation factor reveals links between protein synthesis and cell cycle controls. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This review examines how LSD1 modulates different cell behavior in TME and emphasizes the potential use of LSD1 inhibitors in combination with ICB therapy for future cancer research studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of neonatal cardiomyocytes with miRNA inhibitors anti-miR-29a, anti-miR-30a, and antimiR- 141 resulted in more cycling cells and enhanced expression of Cyclin A2 (CCNA2). (scitechnol.com)
  • However, cancer cells exploit these checkpoints to evade immune surveillance and suppress antitumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cdk3 was found to highly express in metastatic cancer and induce cell motility and invasion. (umn.edu)
  • This post-translational change of cyclin B prevents it from controlling the cell cycle and contributes to the development of cancer. (edu.vn)
  • Scientists are working to understand the common changes that give rise to certain types of cancer or how a modification might be exploited to destroy a tumor cell. (edu.vn)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Despite this rather bleak outlook, the collective efforts of science and medicine have nevertheless dramatically reduced the annualized cancer death rate by 20% over the last two decades, thereby sparing the lives of more than 1.3 million Americans [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One driving factor behind chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness of TNBC is breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). (springernature.com)
  • AgNPs are utilized for treating different types of cancerous cells due to their extraordinary biomedical features (anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-angiogenic properties) as well as surface-specific characteristics (Burdușel et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Cancer cell energy metabolism is mainly dominated by three pathways of central carbon metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The compound has been found to show promising in vitro and in vivo activities against certain B-cell malignancies [ 12 ], and has been under preclinical toxicogical development in the National Cancer Institute Experimental Therapeutics (NExT) program. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of the mTOR pathway in estrogen response was evaluated in aromatase-expressing MCF7/Aro breast cancer cells by immunoblotting. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Papillary thyroid cancer This could sometimes bring about cell death or contribute actively to, or even travel, cyst devel-opment. (survivinpathway.com)
  • However, multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells may avoid the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy by glycosylating ceramide. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • In the present study we examined the relationship between ceramide, ceramide metabolites and expression of the MDR1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Four wild-type (drug-sensitive) human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D,MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435) were used to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic exposure to ceramide and ceramide metabolites on MDR1 mRNA,P-gp, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • These data are the first evidence that chronic exposure to ceramide and its metabolites enhances expression of the MDR phenotype in cancer cells. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • extract (JIB extract) for melanoma cells. (medsci.org)
  • In vitro cell viability, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and immunoblot was used to study the mechanism of action of silvestrol in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Dr Tabancay received his BS in Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology in 1998 from the University of California, Los Angeles. (usc.edu)
  • The complexity of the sphingolipidome is hard to imagine, but one hopes that, when partnered with other systems biology approaches, the causes and consequences of the complexity will explain how these intriguing compounds are involved in almost every aspect of cell behavior and the malfunctions of many diseases. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Hypertrophy was estimated by measuring the cell surface area and the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression. (karger.com)
  • In the developing cerebellum, IGF-I is predominantly expressed by Purkinje neurons, which are the synaptic targets of granule cells. (umaryland.edu)
  • In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring how KSHV manipulates host cell metabolism to promote viral pathogenesis, which provides the potential therapeutic targets and strategies for KSHV-associated cancers. (frontiersin.org)
  • This enabled identification of TFs that can be uniquely associated to the tumor cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (biologists.com)
  • This is because oncogenes can alter transcriptional activity, stability, or protein translation of another gene that directly or indirectly controls cell growth. (edu.vn)
  • For cells to move through each phase of the cell cycle, the cell must pass through checkpoints. (edu.vn)
  • Here, we investigate the molecular basis of the acquired quiescence of purified neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, and use microRNA interference as a novel strategy to promote cardiomyocyte cell cycle re-entry. (scitechnol.com)
  • To identify novel molecular regulations, we performed a transcriptomic analysis based on the comparison of circulating MCL cells (n=77) versus MCL lymph nodes (n=107) together with RNA sequencing of malignant (n=8) versus normal B-cell (n=6) samples. (haematologica.org)
  • These tiny organelles play critical roles in cell growth, division, and motility but can only properly execute their various functions when present at one to two copies per cell and when they are of proper size. (nih.gov)
  • The expression pattern of microRNAs also changed dramatically, including increases in miR- 29a, miR-30a and miR-141. (scitechnol.com)
  • An investigation of PLK1 expression in DepMap found PLK1 is a critical mediator in 55 central nervous system cell lines, including eight medulloblastoma cell lines. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Conversely, the expression of constitutively active AKT (myr-AKT) overcame the effects of 4HPR and β-catenin-silencing on cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure of cells to either octanoic acid (C8:0), a C8-ceramide hydrolysis product, or oleic acid (C18:1) did not affect MDR1 expression. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Cell viability assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays demonstrated that ebastine elicited antitumor effects in osteosarcoma cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human oncogenic herpesvirus, is tightly associated with several human malignancies by infecting B-lymphocyte or endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • GEP analyses were performed on highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted tumor-cells from eight subgroups of BCLs. (lu.se)
  • From experiments in the 1870s to research more than 100 years later, scientists have made fascinating discoveries about the complex series of events that allow the cells in plants and animals, including humans, to grow and sustain life. (visionlearning.com)
  • The prevalence of replicating pancreatic β-cells declines dramatically with age in both rodents and humans ( 4 , 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • B. 108600 alone suppressed both of tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis of Luciferase labeled LM2-4 cells engrafted on NSG mice. (springernature.com)
  • PC cells usually remain confined in the organ, while a small proportion of carcinomas acquire the ability to metastasize and approximately 80% of patients who have died of advanced hormone refractory PC have clinical evidence of bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To help elucidate the interactions between Rap1 and Rac1 in the signaling that leads to spreading of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells, we evaluated the effect of Rap1 depletion on cell spreading caused by activated Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Organisms usually contain large numbers of sphingolipid subspecies (for a pathway based compilation, see www.sphingomap.org) and knowledge about the types and amounts is imperative because they influence membrane structure, interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, vesicular traffic and the formation of specialized structures such as phagosomes and autophagosomes, as well as participate in intracellular and extracellular signaling. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Overexpression of myc transforms normal B cells into cancerous cells that continue to grow uncontrollably. (edu.vn)
  • Mistakes in this technique end in the synthesis of cells with abnormal chromosome content, that is, pretty much than two copies of each and every chromosome. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Treatment of MCF7/Aro cells with estradiol or androstenedione caused modulation of the mTOR pathway, a phenomenon reversed by letrozole or RAD001. (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, most GEP studies have typically been performed on whole tissue samples, containing varying degrees of tumor cell content, which results in uncertainties in data analysis. (lu.se)