• Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amplification of the CCND1 gene is present in: non-small cell lung cancers (30-46%) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (30-50%) pancreatic carcinomas (25%) bladder cancer (15%) pituitary adenomas (49-54%) breast carcinoma (13%) Cyclin D1 overexpression is strongly correlated to ER+ breast cancer and deregulation of cyclin D1 is associated with hormone therapy resistance in breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • another is mutation of T286 in cyclin D1 (CCND1) causing the loss of phosphorylation of T286 is involved in nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1 in esophageal cancer [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Background/Aim: Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) has a G to A polymorphism at the splice donor site of exon 4, position 870. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Cyclin D1, a 45-kDa protein encoded by the cyclin D1 gene ( CCND1 ) on 11q13, is one such molecule. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Expression of cyclin D1 has been reported to be a strong predictor for the clinical outcome of OSCC ( 4 ), and amplification of CCND1 was found significantly more frequently in patients with OSCC than in healthy controls ( 5 ), suggesting the predictive and prognostic value of this molecule and its potential as a therapeutic target. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Magnetic Luminex Assay Kit for Cyclin D1 (CCND1) ,etc. (uscnk.com)
  • Cyclin D1 is also known as BCL1, B Cell Lymphoma #1, CCND1. (enquirebio.com)
  • Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and retinoblastoma protein (pRb), was further down-regulated under exposure to lovastatin in condition of BRCA1 overexpression, but the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), was further up-regulated, both in vitro and in vivo detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. (nih.gov)
  • Our results suggest that BRCA1 overexpression sensitizes cancer cells to lovastatin via regulation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p21WAF1/CIP1 pathway, which will provide an innovative experimental framework to study control of breast cancer cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Cyclin D1 overexpression has been shown to correlate with early cancer onset and tumor progression and it can lead to oncogenesis by increasing anchorage-independent growth and angiogenesis via VEGF production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 overexpression can also down-regulate Fas expression, leading to increased chemotherapeutic resistance and protection from apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 overexpression is correlated with shorter cancer patient survival and increased metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further, the results of miR-4755-5p mimic transfection confirmed that under the action of NaF, miR-4755-5p overexpression reduced Cyclin D1 protein expression within osteoblasts and further inhibited cell proliferation and activation. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Further, the overexpression of HER3 enhanced cyclin D1 mRNA expression, while HER3 deleted of its identified TADs was hindered at doing so. (plos.org)
  • The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
  • Cyclin D1-CDK4 inhibits pRb through phosphorylation, allowing E2F transcription factors to transcribe genes required for entry into the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 also binds to histone acetylases and histone deacetylases to regulate cell proliferation and cell differentiation genes in the early to mid-G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The variety of keratin genes differentially expressed suggests that these proteins may however have additional functions. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
  • RNA-seq identifies a novel set of TEAD4 target genes encoding muscle structural and regulatory proteins and those required for the unfolded protein response. (nih.gov)
  • Together these results show that TEAD factor activity is essential for normal C2C12 cell differentiation and define a novel and non-redundant role for TEAD4 in regulating expression of the unfolded protein response genes. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers said the EMC suppressed EATC proliferation by regulating the protein expression of cyclin D1 and p21 genes. (integrativepractitioner.com)
  • Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exposure of cells to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death due to enhanced ubiquitination and consequent proteolysis of eIF4E protein, which in turn diminished cellular levels of critical genes such as cyclin D1. (cdc.gov)
  • In ER+ cancer cells, PIP5K1α acted on pSer-473 AKT, and was in complexes with VEGFR2, serving as co-factor of ER-alpha to regulate activities of target genes including cyclin D1 and CDK1. (lu.se)
  • This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein dimerizes with CDK4/6 to regulate the G1/S phase transition and entry into the S-phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cyclin D1-CDK4 complex promotes passage through the G1 phase by inhibiting the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1-CDK4 also enables the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 complex by sequestering Cip/Kip family CDK inhibitory proteins p21 and p27, allowing entry into the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1-CDK4 also associates with several transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 or PRAD-1 or bcl-1 is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and/or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein. (enquirebio.com)
  • The expression of cyclin D1, cdk4, p16INK4a, and Rb protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced mouse lung tumors. (jax.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining revealed exclusive nuclear staining of both cyclin D1 and cdk4 that was light to moderate in normal mouse lung tissues, but intense in lung adenomas and adenocarcinomas. (jax.org)
  • Western blot analysis confirmed the increased expression of cyclin D1 and cdk4 in lung tumors compared to normal lung. (jax.org)
  • These results suggest that alterations in the cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, cdk4, p16INK4a, and Rb, may play a role in the acquisition of autonomous growth by adenomas. (jax.org)
  • Canonical Notch signaling activates the transcription of BMI1 proto‑oncogene polycomb ring finger, cyclin D1, CD44, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, hes family bHLH transcription factor 1, hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1, MYC, NOTCH3, RE1 silencing transcription factor and transcription factor 7 in a cellular context‑dependent manner, while non‑canonical Notch signaling activates NF‑κB and Rac family small GTPase 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MEN 4 is caused by an inactivating mutation of the CDKN1B gene, which codes for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B protein, also known as p27 or p27KIP1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. (wikipedia.org)
  • methylation at certain residues of histones can regulate gene expression [ 4 ], and glycosylation is responsible for targeting substrates and changing protein half-life [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we are, for the first time, to report that p100 protein expression was dramatically decreased in bladder cancers of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-treated mice and human patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, p100 suppressed the expression of PHLPP2 (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases 2), thus promoting CREB phosphorylation at Ser133 and subsequently leading to miR-302d transcription. (oncotarget.com)
  • The expression of Cyclin D1 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The expression of Cyclin D1 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively. (fluoridealert.org)
  • In the fluoride-exposed population, the results showed that with the increase in UF content, the expression of miR-4755-5p decreased gradually, while the mRNA transcription and protein expression of Cyclin D1 increased gradually. (fluoridealert.org)
  • The relative miR-4755-5p expression showed a negative correlation with Cyclin D1 expression. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Subsequently, in human osteoblasts treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), the results also showed that NaF caused low expression of miR-4755-5p and increased expression of Cyclin D1 . (fluoridealert.org)
  • The results demonstrate that fluoride exposure induced the downregulation of miR-4755-5p and downregulated miR-4755-5p promoted fluoride-induced osteoblast activation by increasing Cyclin D1 protein expression. (fluoridealert.org)
  • This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
  • and (v) pRb phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression are reduced in K10-transfected cells and increased in K16-transfected cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Recently, we isolated a novel negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), termed EGFR-related protein (ERRP), whose expression attenuates EGFR activation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Essential FA, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), may modulate gene expression in diverse biological processes thought regulating transcription factors (TF), including peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPAR) , liver X receptors (LXR) , and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins ( SREBP ) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Thymidylatsynthase and cyclin D1 protein expression in lymphnode negative colorectal cancer: role as prognostic factors? (uniklinik-ulm.de)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • In contrast, TEAD4 represses expression of the growth factor CTGF and Cyclin D1 to promote differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • We also aimed to evaluate the expression of TGF-β1 and p27 in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers such as cyclin D1 and Ki-67. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p27 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and decreased protein levels of p27 may play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has also been demonstrated that TGF-β induced cell cycle arrest can be partially attributed to the regulatory effects of TGF-β on both the expression and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [CDKI] such as p21 and p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of cell cycle proteins in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced mouse lung tumors. (jax.org)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • Exposure of cells to cadmium , as well as the specific silencing of eIF4E gene, also resulted in decreased cellular levels of cyclin D1, a critical cell cycle and growth regulating gene, suggesting that the observed inhibition of cyclin D1 gene expression in the cadmium -treated cells is most likely due to decreased cellular level of eIF4E. (cdc.gov)
  • PIP5K1α was associated with poor patient outcome in triple-negative BC (for PIP5K1α protein, p = 0.011 and for mRNA expression, p = 0.028, log-rank test). (lu.se)
  • Tumours from 557 incident cases of CRC, assembled in tissue microarrays, were evaluated for expression of cyclin D1, mismatch repair proteins, beta-catenin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by immunohistochemistry, and further, EGFR gene copy number (GCN) alterations by brightfield double-in situ hybridization. (lu.se)
  • Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein expression and cyclin DI cell cyase protein expression in malignant and normal oesophageal tissues to see whether any variation in their expression in these tissues could be of diagnostic or prognostic value. (bvsalud.org)
  • EBV-LMPI protein expression and cyclin DI expression were studied immunohisto chemically in these tissue sections. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2 cases of EBV-LMPI protein expression did not express p53 protein and 7 cases did not express both p53 and EBV-LMPI proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 antibodies is used to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abcam: antibodies, proteins, kits. (abcam.com)
  • Yang and colleagues used antibodies to test the presence of various cell cycle proteins in MCI, AD, and control brain samples taken at autopsy. (alzforum.org)
  • Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (genetex.com)
  • Independent of CDK, cyclin D1 binds to nuclear receptors (including estrogen receptor α, thyroid hormone receptor, PPARγ and AR ) to regulate cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The members from the large keratin family of cytoskeletal proteins are expressed in a carefully regulated tissue- and differentiation-specific manner. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation in (range, 0 -9 fmol/mg protein, median 0.7). (lu.se)
  • Preclinical data have demonstrated that the combination of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells produced a synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation associated with a downregulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins c-myc, cyclin D1 and phospho-Rb and possibly preventing the acquisition of resistance towards letrozole. (medscape.com)
  • Simultaneously, luciferase reporter assays verified that Cyclin D1 was the miR-4755-5p direct target. (fluoridealert.org)
  • To understand how the B 1 and B 2 regions influenced the transcriptional functions of nuclear HER3, we performed cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase assays in which HER3 deleted of the B 1 and B 2 regions was severely hindered in regulating this promoter. (plos.org)
  • Then, the inhibitory activity of lovastatin on cancer cells and tumoral xenografts, and the underlying mechanism involving in cell-cycle regulatory proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • PTMs are involved in many protein activities and cellular processes, such as protein folding, stability, conformation, and some significant regulatory mechanisms [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Further, we reveal that cell routine protein and apoptotic markers, aswell as essential NF-B regulatory substances, are modulated by treatment with LOE, thus shedding light on the mechanism of actions behind the anticancer ramifications of LOE. (unambitiousus.com)
  • In chemically induced mouse lung tumors, the p16INK4a gene is a target of inactivation, and Rb is reduced at the mRNA level (Northern blot) although similar at the protein level (Western blot) when compared to normal lung tissues. (jax.org)
  • Western blot analysis indicated the presence of both hypophosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated Rb protein in lung tumors and in normal lung tissues. (jax.org)
  • In human BCa tissues, we observed that LAPTM5 was significantly induced at both mRNA and protein levels, which is consistent with our microarray result. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although the diverse tumor-promoting roles of NFκB in cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, are well established [ 3 - 9 ], much less is known about how p100, a precursor protein of NFκB2, acts as a tumor suppressor in many mammalian cells [ 10 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • RNF220 promotes the proliferation of leukaemic cells and reduces the degradation of the Cyclin D1 protein through USP22. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we showed that gingerol reversed the efficacy of capsaicin in the lung protein levels of TRPV1, EGFR, NF-κB and cyclin D1, and also reversed the pro-proliferation and EMT-promoting effects of capsaicin during lung carcinogenesis, indicating the major carcinogenic effect of capsaicin and anti-carcinogenic effect of gingerol ​," the authors wrote. (nutraingredients.com)
  • These Ras-mediated pathways lead to the increase in transcription of cyclin D1, and inhibit its proteolysis and export from the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This truncated variant, cyclin D1b, does not have the part which is required for export from the nucleus into other cell localizations and therefore has higher transforming activity ( 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • GRP78 is a highly conserved protein that is essential for cell viability.The highly conserved sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) is present at the C terminus of GRP78and other resident ER proteins including glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP 94) and proteindisulfide isomerase (PDI). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The loss rate was determined by accelerated thermal degradation test, that is, incubate the protein at 37°C for 48h, and no obvious degradation and precipitation were observed. (uscnk.com)
  • Mechanistically, p100 inhibited Cyclin D1 protein translation by activating the transcription of LARP7 and its hosted miR-302d, which could directly bind to 3′-UTR of cyclin d1 mRNA and inhibited its protein translation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Based on recent data, a new view is emerging that vertebrate Dachshund(Dach) proteins are components of Six1/6 transcription factor-dependent signaling cascades. (biologists.com)
  • Either at genomic or at proteomic level, mutations have significant impact on normal gene or protein function, and human diseases could be associated with mutations like nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) on amino acids. (hindawi.com)
  • We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin D1 has been found to be overexpressed in breast carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin D1 genotypes may be associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk (Anticancer Res 2012;32:1093). (enquirebio.com)
  • It acts as a tumor suppressor and when the protein is lost, cells can undergo unscheduled replication, which may eventually lead to cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Furthermore, proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were strongly altered, which plays a central role in metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Herein, we also provide evidence that LOE inhibits NF-B signaling by reducing RIP1 protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. (unambitiousus.com)
  • In addition, exposure of cells to cadmium resulted in enhanced ubiquitination of eIF4E protein while inhibitors of proteasome activity reversed the cadmium -induced decrease of eIF4E protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Predicted to enable ubiquitin protein ligase activity. (nih.gov)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
  • Next, we identified full-length nuclear HER3 association and regulation of a 122 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. (plos.org)
  • Cyclins are a group of proteins that play a key role in the control and regulation of the cell cycle. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Although the precursor protein of NFκB2 (p100) is thought to act as a tumor suppressor in mammalian cells, the molecular mechanism of its anti-tumor activity is far from clear. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cyclin D1 was originally cloned as a breakpoint rearrangement in parathyroid adenoma and was shown to be required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle to induce cell migration, angiogenesis and to induce the Warburg effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
  • 2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin D1 dysregulation and differential inactivation of p16INK4a and Rb have been observed in human lung cancer. (jax.org)
  • ER protein determinations were performed using two-thirds of all breast cancers are ER at the time of diagnosis, the standard methods in the routine clinical laboratory (9). (lu.se)
  • In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The target binding between miR-4755-5p and Cyclin D1 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. (fluoridealert.org)
  • In addition, chronic diagnostic test for follow-up of patients cy and for biochemical determination inflammation associated with the infec- with H. pylori gastritis and were able of tissue COX-2 activity using COX tion leads to damage in proteins, the to predict the risk of development of Activity Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical production of reactive oxygen species stomach cancer. (who.int)
  • Knockdown of p100 in cultured human bladder cancer cells promoted anchorage-independent growth accompanied with elevating abundance of cell-cycle-related proteins and accelerated cell-cycle progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activation of the kinase function is then followed by a cascade of protein phosphorylations that promotes the transition through the cell-cycle checkpoint from the G 1 phase into the S phase ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • JIB extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase and decreased cyclin and cdk protein expressions. (medsci.org)
  • But it is not associated with cell cycle proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the hippocampus, one of the first areas affected by the disease, both AD and MCI samples had robust staining for cyclin D1, DNA polymerase, and cyclin B1, proteins that are synthesized only during the G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, respectively. (alzforum.org)
  • The protein is involved in cellular growth and development and has an important role in regulating the cell cycle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Yet how gene mutations affect protein activities through posttranslational modification sites have not been widely studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Cyclin D1 is expressed in all adult human tissues with the exception of cells derived from bone marrow stem cell lines (both lymphoid and myeloid). (wikipedia.org)
  • GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Though they caution that the precise anatomical location of the samples varied from case to case, which could introduce some margin of error, the number of DNA polymerase- and cyclin D1-positive neurons were identical in both MCI and AD tissues, at five percent. (alzforum.org)
  • 1. What are the fluorescent proteins used for the organelle markers? (origene.com)
  • Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in a variety of protein activities and cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
  • β-Catenin is a fascinating protein with many important cellular and developmental functions. (chemdiv.com)
  • β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)
  • Lymph accumulates in the tiny spaces between tissue cells and contains proteins, fats, and certain white blood cells known as lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • The most enriched proteins released were the nucleosomal histones, which have previously been identified as damage-associated molecular pattern proteins (DAMPs) that can initiate sterile inflammatory responses. (nature.com)
  • Using different approaches we also found that the molecular system where these keratins modulate cell development appears to be associated with pRb as well as the molecular equipment controlling cell routine development during G1 which regarding K10 this function resides in the nonhelical termini from the protein. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)