• We refer to these peptides as the cyclotide family and their embedded topology as the cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif. (rcsb.org)
  • Cyclotides, or cyclic peptides used by some plant families as defense agents, have attracted the interest of scientists because of their biological activities varying from antimicrobial to anticancer properties. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclotides are a class of cyclic peptides that can be self-assembled. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cyclotides are plant peptides characterized with a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and three interlocking disulfide bonds, known as a cyclic cysteine knot. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, plant cyclotides, disulfide-rich peptides comprising three conserved disulfide bonds in a knotted arrangement, known as cyclic cystine knot motif, and a head-to-tail cyclization, have been extensively investigated over the last four decades for their use as scaffolds in drug development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polypeptide chains with cyclic rings make up cyclic peptides. (insightaceanalytic.com)
  • Many biologically active cyclic peptides are produced through the process known as N-to-C (or head-to-tail) cyclization, which involves the production of amide bonds between the amino and carboxyl termini. (insightaceanalytic.com)
  • In clinical settings, a number of cyclic peptides from nature are employed. (insightaceanalytic.com)
  • By Peptide Type, the market is segmented into Disulfide-Rich Peptides (DRPs) and Cyclic Peptides. (insightaceanalytic.com)
  • Due to their distinctive disulfide link configuration, these peptides are also known as cysteine-rich or cystine-knot peptides. (insightaceanalytic.com)
  • However, examples of rotaxane substructure have been found in naturally occurring peptides, including: cystine knot peptides, cyclotides or lasso-peptides such as microcin J25. (rf-onlinegame.com)
  • An inhibitor cystine knot (also known as ICK or Knottin) is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges. (wikipedia.org)
  • The motif is similar to the cyclic cystine knot or cyclotide, but lacks the cyclisation of the polypeptide backbone which is present in the latter family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hedyotide B1 has a cyclic-cystine-knot motif and displayed potent broad-spectrum activities against many bacteria including E. coli, S. salivarius, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and B. Hedyotis ramosissima Kurz Oldenlandia angustifolia pedicellata Miq. (bordercolliepagina.nl)
  • The four conserved cysteines in the C-terminal half of the IL-17F sequence are shown to form a cystine knot structural motif in the crystal structure, and, interestingly, this cystine knot structure is similar to a common structural motif seen in several growth factors, such as bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), TGF- β , nerve growth factor (NGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Along with the sections of polypeptide between them, two disulfides form a loop through which the third disulfide bond (linking the 3rd and 6th cysteine in the sequence) passes, forming a knot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The growth factor cystine knot (GFCK) is similar to the ICK but its topology is such that it is the bond between the first and fourth disulfide which threads through the loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure consists of a distorted triple-stranded beta-sheet and a cystine-knot arrangement of the disulfide bonds. (rcsb.org)
  • The resultant peptide showed improved activity over the previously reported cyclic CVX15 peptide Batimastat sodium salt in HIV inhibition assays, exhibiting EC50 values of ~2 nM. (nsdfu.org)
  • Further promising properties of this peptide inhibitor include improved serum stability relative to linear and simple cyclic analogues, and a lower affinity for serum proteins that would likely be responsible for opsonization and clearance prior to reaching their targets. (nsdfu.org)
  • Mature monomeric BMP-2 is an 18 kDa glycosylated peptide with seven conserved cysteines that form a cystine knot structure (4). (novusbio.com)
  • The unique cyclic and knotted nature of these molecules makes them a fascinating example of topologically complex proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • The database and computational tools found on this website may be used for academic research only, provided that it is referred to CyBase, the database of cyclic proteins (http://www.cybase.org.au). (cybase.org.au)
  • Catenanes, as the name of Latin origin suggests (catena = chain), are chain-like molecules composed of at least two cyclic compounds (i.e., a [2]catenane) that are not covalently linked to one another but nevertheless cannot be separated unless covalent bond breakage occurs. (rf-onlinegame.com)
  • Cystine knot motifs are found frequently in nature in a plethora of plants, animals, and fungi and serve diverse functions from appetite suppression to anti-fungal activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rotaxanes are unique supramolecular structures in which a cyclic molecule is threaded onto an "axle" molecule and end-capped by bulky groups at the terminal of the "axle" molecule. (rf-onlinegame.com)
  • Types include a) cyclic mobius, b) cyclic bracelet, c) acyclic inhibitor knottins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The motif is similar to the cyclic cystine knot or cyclotide, but lacks the cyclisation of the polypeptide backbone which is present in the latter family. (wikipedia.org)
  • 4. Thermal, chemical, and enzymatic stability of the cyclotide kalata B1: the importance of the cyclic cystine knot. (nih.gov)
  • Types include a) cyclic mobius, b) cyclic bracelet, c) acyclic inhibitor knottins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cystine knot motifs are found frequently in nature in a plethora of plants, animals, and fungi and serve diverse functions from appetite suppression to anti-fungal activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are further characterized by six conserved CYSTEINE residues that form CYSTINE KNOT MOTIFS . (nih.gov)
  • Along with the sections of polypeptide between them, two disulfides form a loop through which the third disulfide bond (linking the 3rd and 6th cysteine in the sequence) passes, forming a knot. (wikipedia.org)
  • The growth factor cystine knot (GFCK) is similar to the ICK but its topology is such that it is the bond between the first and fourth disulfide which threads through the loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cystine topology of a typical CDP requires an oxidative environment, and we have found that the mammalian secretory pathway is most effective at allowing diverse CDPs to achieve a stable fold. (nih.gov)