Previous study revealed that the protective effect of TIGAR in cell survival is mediated through the increase in PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) flux. (nature.com)
The phosphopentose pathway (PPP), which converts glucose-6-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate for synthesis of nucleotides and NADPH to reduce DNA damage caused by ROS was reported to be activated in DDR 2 . (nature.com)
Acetyl-CoA generated by the beta-oxidation pathway enters the mitochondrial TCA cycle, where it is further oxidized to generate NADH and FADH 2 . (assignmentexpert.com)
This pathway is sometimes called the Calvin‐Benson cycle, after the biochemists who elucidated it. (cliffsnotes.com)
Some recent examples of such models include gene delivery, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Pentose-Phosphate pathway models. (unl.edu)
Embarking on an exploration into cellular metabolism, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) commands particular attention, not merely for its role in glucose metabolism but also for its crucial involvement in cellular biosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. (microbiologynote.com)
In scientific terms, the PPP is an essential metabolic pathway that functions concurrently with glycolysis , presenting itself as a quintessential player in maintaining cellular homeostasis through its diligent role in generating NADPH, pentoses, and ribose 5-phosphate. (microbiologynote.com)
Dietary pentose sugars, a derivative of nucleic acid digestion, can be intertwined with the PPP, thereby revealing another layer of metabolic flexibility and adaptability provided by this pathway. (microbiologynote.com)
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) primarily resides within the cytosol of cells, which is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm, a matrix in which various cellular organelles are suspended and numerous metabolic reactions transpire. (microbiologynote.com)
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is divided into an oxidative branch that makes pentose phosphates and a non-oxidative branch that consumes pentose phosphates, though the non-oxidative branch is considered reversible. (mdpi.com)
Here we design a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to augment the CBB cycle for efficient acetyl-CoA synthesis. (osti.gov)
article{osti_1500021, title = {Augmenting the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle by a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate carbon fixation pathway}, author = {Yu, Hong and Li, Xiaoqian and Duchoud, Fabienne and Chuang, Derrick S. and Liao, James C.}, abstractNote = {The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. (osti.gov)
High resolution mass spectrometry was used to investigate extensive 13C enrichment in metabolites associated with glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, and pyruvate catabolism in both microbial cells and the liquid medium. (usda.gov)
There are 12 key metabolites and they are all in the glycolytic pathway and the TCA cycle. (igem.org)
Knowledge about metabolism-like reaction topologies has accumulated since, and supports non-enzymatic origins of gluconeogenesis, the -adenosylmethionine pathway, the Krebs cycle, as well as CO fixation. (crick.ac.uk)
Key factors of the pentose phosphate pathway and linoleic acid metabolism, G6PD and CYP2C8/9/18/19, respectively, are related to the survival of PC patients according to our tissue microarray. (aging-us.com)
Here we show that glutaminolysis is the major pathway fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in T-cell receptor-stimulated naïve, as well as memory CD4, subsets and is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
Blocking the glycolytic flux of pyruvate to lactate results in altered glucosecarbon allocation to TCA and pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, an increase in OXPHOS and augmented HIV-1 reverse transcription. (gla.ac.uk)
and the serine and homocysteine nodes, which produce cystathionine before homocysteine enters the methionine cycle pathway. (bvsalud.org)
The current investigation aimed to demonstrate how interpretation of results from several standard cytotoxicity and proliferation assays vary in dependence on contributions from the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). (cdc.gov)
Glycolysis6
Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
Supplementation of the culture medium with ribose-5-phosphate or ribose abolished the stimulation of glycolysis and the pentose cycle by EGF but had no effect on proliferation. (arizona.edu)
These results show that EGF rapidly stimulates the pentose cycle, shifts glucose metabolism from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis, and decreases oxygen consumption before any increase in proliferation. (arizona.edu)
The lack of an EGF effect on the pentose cycle and glycolysis in the presence of exogenous precursors for DNA synthesis suggests that the stimulation of these pathways before proliferation is due to increased demands for ribose for subsequent nucleic acid synthesis. (arizona.edu)
However, at high concentrations, PRK may sometimes phosphorylate ribose 5-phosphate, a compound upstream the RuBP regeneration step in the Calvin Cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleotide synthesis1
Thiamine pyrophosphate is also essential for nucleotide synthesis, production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and maintenance of reduced glutathione within erythrocytes. (medscape.com)
Ribulose 5-phospha5
Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) (EC 2.7.1.19) is an essential photosynthetic enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of ribulose 5-phosphate (RuP) into ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), both intermediates in the Calvin Cycle. (wikipedia.org)
ATP + Mg2+ - D-ribulose 5-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate The two substrates of PRK are ATP and D-ribulose 5-phosphate, whereas its two products are ADP and D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
PRK shows high specificity for ribulose 5-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
The 5‐carbon sugar phosphates are interconverted by the action of epimerase and isomerase to yield ribulose‐5‐phosphate, which is phosphorylated by the enzyme ribulose phosphate kinase to make RuBP, the acceptor of CO 2 . (cliffsnotes.com)
The PPP showcases its role by executing two meticulously orchestrated phases: the oxidative phase, where glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH and ribulose 5-phosphate, and the non-oxidative phase, which is engaged in the synthesis of 5-carbon sugars, contributing significantly to the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids. (microbiologynote.com)
Glucuronate interconversions1
Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. (nature.com)
Fructose2
It does not act on any of the following substrates: D-xylulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
The glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate can be converted into the 6‐carbon sugar phosphate called fructose‐6‐phosphate by the reactions of triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and fructose bisphosphase. (cliffsnotes.com)
Krebs1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate are essential enzymes in the Krebs cycle, and the lack of these enzymes alters cerebral energy utilization. (medscape.com)
Metabolism2
A genetic aberration in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, a pivotal enzyme in the PPP, can disrupt this biochemical harmony, underscoring the pathway's indispensability in cellular metabolism and defense mechanisms. (microbiologynote.com)
B[a]P caused enhanced metabolism of each dye assessed despite reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and was reversed by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Glucose2
The rest of the Calvin cycle is involved in interconversion of carbohydrates to make glucose (or starch) and the regeneration of the ribulose‐bisphosphate acceptor. (cliffsnotes.com)
The reductive pentose phosphate cycle. (wikidata.org)
Inside the mitochondria, pyruvate is completely oxidized through the TCA cycle, feeding reductive equivalents to the electron transport chain. (hindawi.com)
A water-saving mode of photosynthesis whereby CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) taken up during the nocturnal opening of stomata (STOMATA, PLANT) is fixed to produce malate, which is accumulated in VACUOLES overnight as malic acid and subsequently decarboxylated during the day with the resulting CO2 produced being re-fixed by RUBISCO and re-assimilated through the REDUCTIVE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)
Sugars1
The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. (osti.gov)
Glycogen2
By using random sampling in the ensuing flux space, we found that storage of glycogen or exudation of organic acids are favored when the growth is nitrogen limited, while exudation of amino acids becomes more likely when phosphate is the limiting resource. (biorxiv.org)
We next used COMETS to simulate day-night cycles and found that the model displays dynamic glycogen allocation and exudation of organic acids. (biorxiv.org)
The reaction sequence in the Calvin-Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. (mdpi.com)
Electron trans1
The NADH and FADH 2 produced by both beta oxidation and the TCA cycle are used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain to produce ATP. (assignmentexpert.com)
Carbon3
Deep continental subsurface fracture water systems, ranging from 1.1 to 3.3 km below land surface (kmbls), were investigated to characterize the indigenous microorganisms and elucidate microbial carbon sources and their cycling. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
Compound-specific carbon isotope analyses (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) of the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and carbon substrates combined with genomic analyses did identify, however, distinct carbon sources and cycles between the two depth ranges studied. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
The final reaction in the beta oxidation cycle (n = 4) produces then two acetyl-CoA. (igem.org)
Kinase1
Ribulose phosphate kinase is active only when a cystine disulfide on the enzyme is reduced to two cysteines. (cliffsnotes.com)
RuBP1
Its main function is to regenerate RuBP, which is the initial substrate and CO2-acceptor molecule of the Calvin Cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Calvin2
Along with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo), phosphoribulokinase is unique to the Calvin Cycle. (wikipedia.org)
A modified version of the non-oxidative branch is a critical component of the Calvin-Benson cycle that converts CO 2 into sugar. (mdpi.com)
Flux1
At the dihydroxyacetone node, the flux of dihydroxyacetone converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate was positively correlated with the yield of 1,3-PDO. (bvsalud.org)
Порушення циклу сечовини Urea cycle disorders are characterized by hyperammonemia under catabolic or protein-loading conditions. (msdmanuals.com)
There are many types of urea cycle and related disorders (see the table) as well as many. (msdmanuals.com)
Cellular1
Cellular ATP is buffered by specialized equilibrium-driven high-energy phosphate (~P) transferring kinases. (molvis.org)
Produce1
This suggests that MGCs utilize TCA cycle anaplerosis and cataplerosis to generate GTP and ~P transferring kinases to produce ATP that supports MGC energy requirements. (molvis.org)