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PhotosynthesisAlgae and cyanobacteriaBacteriaPigmentsOrganismsProteinsUnicellularChloroplastsMulticellularPigmentHeterotrophicCyanobacterialMicrocystinAccessoryBinary fissionProkaryotesPhycobiliproteinsFungusEukaryoticPhotobiontChloroplastSunlightComplexesMicroorganismsMoleculesFucoxanthinSpirulinaSpeciesPhotosystemReproductionElectronOuterLightFormConsistsPartnerGrowthFoundAppearanceBlue

Photosynthesis12

• Cyanobacteria are a large and diverse phylum of bacteria defined by their unique combination of pigments and their ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
• Cyanobacteria are today's only known prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
• All types of algae as also the cyanobacteria which are considered as blue-green algae perform oxygenic photosynthesis using water as exogenous hydrogen or electron donor. (biologydiscussion.com)
• Cyanobacteria 0 domande A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. (lookformedical.com)
• The alga and/or cyanobacteria, which possesses chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis , does most of the work, producing simple sugars and vitamins for the lichen's collective metabolic pathways. (daviddarling.info)
• Phycoerythrin (PE) is a red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in red algae and cryptophytes It is an accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis. (netlify.app)
• Polysiphonia, a common genus of marine red algae, is red in color because of the pigment phycobilin, which masks the green color of the chlorophyll responsible for photosynthesis. (netlify.app)
• This is one of the two largest kingdoms, and it includes many-celled organisms that, unlike plants, don't have cell walls, chlorophyll, or the capacity to use light to make energy (photosynthesis). (dummies.com)
• Fungi are incapable of photosynthesis as they do not possess chlorophyll , but algae and cyanobacteria do. (breeze-technologies.de)
• Sulfur dioxide interferes with the cyanobacteria's ability to fix nitrogen, and destroys the chlorophyll of the alga, thus inhibiting photosynthesis. (breeze-technologies.de)
• Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
• Mitochondria are believed to have originated not from cyanobacteria but from an ancestor of the present-day purple photosynthetic bacteria that had lost its capacity for photosynthesis (chloroplasts from an ancestral Cyanobacterium). (tripod.com)

Algae and cyanobacteria3

• Some, like the red algae and cyanobacteria also contain phycobilirubins as accessory pigments. (biologydiscussion.com)
• However, Algae and Cyanobacteria require more sunlight, almost the same as plants. (flourishingplants.com)
• All in all, microorganisms like algae and Cyanobacteria need sunlight for their growth and development. (flourishingplants.com)

Bacteria8

• Based on the presence of an outer membrane, cyanobacteria are generally considered Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
• However, unlike other Gram-negative bacteria, cyanobacteria contain an unusually thick peptidoglycan (PG) layer between the inner and outer membrane, thus containing features of both Gram phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
• Additionally, the degree of PG crosslinking is much higher in cyanobacteria than in other Gram-negative bacteria, although teichoic acids, typically present in Gram-positive bacteria, are absent. (wikipedia.org)
• The classification of Cyanobacteria (colloquially "blue green algae") has been fought between being algae or bacteria (for example, Haeckel classified Nostoc in the phylum Archephyta of Algae). (dcs-network.com)
• Due to independent gene duplications, all organisms possess two isoforms, Oxa1 and Oxa2 except gram-negative bacteria, which encode only for one YidC-like protein. (cipsm.de)
• 26. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as (Prelims 2012) (a) cyanobacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) heterotrophic bacteria. (recruitmenttopper.com)
• Blue-green algae, also known as Cyanobacteria, are a unique group of photosynthetic bacteria found in a wide range of environments, including fresh and saltwater bodies, soil, and even in extreme conditions like hot springs. (maritimepage.com)
• Spirulina is a type of blue-green bacteria known as cyanobacteria that grows in both fresh and salt water. (studysmarter.co.uk)

Pigments11

• Despite being a green alga, Trentepohlia has other pigments besides chlorophyll that often give it an orange or yellow appearance. (ufl.edu)
• They possess different types of chlorophylls and carotenoids as photosynthetic pigments. (biologydiscussion.com)
• The surfaces of the thylakoids are covered with molecules of the green pigment chlorophyll as well as yellow carotenoid pigments. (blogspot.com)
• During leaf senescence, neoxanthin and beta-carotene decreased concomitantly with chlorophyll, whereas lutein and xanthophyll cycle pigments were less affected, leading to increases in lutein/chlorophyll and xanthophyll cycle 1. (netlify.app)
• These include pigments chlorophyll a and b as the major photosynthetic photosynthetic pigments of some red seaweeds and different seasons. (netlify.app)
• Give An Example Of A Plantlike Red Algae - Polysiphonia (photosynthetic pigments) Chlorophyll a, phycoblin, arotenoids, phycoerythrin. (netlify.app)
• In addition to chlorophyll, which serves to trap light energy, these cyanobacteria also contain two additional pigments which include the blue phycocyanin and red phycoerythrin. (microscopemaster.com)
• Algae possess diverse characters in their pigments, nature of reserve food, nature of cilia etc. (dcs-network.com)
• These are red in color because of the presence of chlorophyll by phycobilin pigments. (agcommercialloan.com)
• type of algae that is red in color (contain chlorophyll a and reddish accessory pigments) and can be found in deep and warm waters. (agcommercialloan.com)
• Phycobilins will be the many studied pigments because of their bioactive properties and so are only made by cyanobacteria such as for example sp. (enmd-2076.com)

Organisms5

• These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
• Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. (lookformedical.com)
• Edwards, P., The life-history of Polysiphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Kützing in culture, Feb 4, 2014 Cyanobacteria are primitive oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and the chloroplasts properties of the phycobilisomes from the red macroalga Polysiphonia urceolata. (netlify.app)
• However, sunlight directly affects the living organisms in the soil like Cyanobacteria, Algae, etc. (flourishingplants.com)
• A) 8) Apicomplexans-parasites of animals C) es of plants soll organisms A) Possess two flagella B) Are all autotrophic C) Lack mitochondria D) Include species that cause malaria Which of the following approaches would be most likely to cause evolution of a drug- resistant strain of Plasmodium? (nethercraft.net)

Proteins3

• What the two types of reaction centers actually consist of are groups of special proteins complexed with several chlorophyll molecules and structured in a very specific arrangement within the thylakoid membrane. (blogspot.com)
• The pcb genes, encoding the major chlorophyll-binding, light-harvesting antenna proteins in this genus, are present in multiple copies in low-light strains but as a single copy in high-light strains. (nerc.ac.uk)
• Among these nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins are the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHCPs). (cipsm.de)

Unicellular4

• While Cyanobacteria are monophyletic, their cellular morphologies are extremely diverse and range from unicellular species to complex cell-differentiating, multicellular species. (wikipedia.org)
• Subsection I cyanobacteria (Chroococcales) are unicellular and divide by binary fission or budding, whereas subsection II cyanobacteria (Pleurocapsales) are also unicellular but can undergo multiple fission events, giving rise to many small daughter cells termed baeocytes. (wikipedia.org)
• They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. (lookformedical.com)
• A) Some unicellular green algae B) Some cyanobacteria C) Some charophytes D) Some red algae Three of the following are evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants. (nethercraft.net)

Chloroplasts1

• The vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is an essential component for thylakoid biogenesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. (cipsm.de)

Multicellular1

• Subsection III comprises multicellular, non-cell differentiating cyanobacteria (Oscillatoriales) and subsection IV and V cyanobacteria (Nostocales and Stigonematales) are multicellular, cell differentiating cyanobacteria that form specialized cell types in the absence of combined nitrogen (heterocysts), during unfavorable conditions (akinetes) or to spread and initiate symbiosis (hormogonia). (wikipedia.org)

Pigment5

• All groups of algae including cyanobacterra have chlorophyll a as a common photosynthetic pigment. (biologydiscussion.com)
• The vial on the left contains the bluish pigment phycocyanin, which gives the Cyanobacteria their name. (agcommercialloan.com)
• 53]. Red Algae possess phycoerythrin (red pigment, C34H46O8N4) & phycocyanin (the blue pigment, C34H46O8N4) that's why they appear in red color. (agcommercialloan.com)
• They get their brown color from a pigment called fucoxanthin, which is dominant over green chlorophyll. (maritimepage.com)
• Both have cellulosic cell walls, cell plates during cytokinesis, carbon storage in the form of starch, possession of chlorophyll b as an accessory pigment, and similar RNA and DNA sequences for particular genes. (nethercraft.net)

Heterotrophic2

• This relationship involves a fungus (heterotrophic partner) and algae or cyanobacteria (the autotroph). (microscopemaster.com)
• Euglenoids can make their food in presence of sunlight because they possess chlorophyll and the are also heterotrophic in absence of sunlight. (nethercraft.net)

Cyanobacterial3

• Cyanobacterial morphology refers to the form or shape of cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
• This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides discretely measured cyanotoxin, chlorophyll-a, and cyanobacterial toxin genetic data for samples collected from eleven large river sites throughout the United States, from June through October 2018. (usgs.gov)
• Discrete water-quality samples were analyzed for cyanotoxins (anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, microcystin, and saxitoxin), chlorophyll-a, and cyanobacterial toxin genetics as part of a National Water-Quality Assessment Project pilot study to describe cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin occurrence in the Nation's large rivers. (usgs.gov)

Microcystin2

• This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release provides microcystin, chlorophyll, and cell-count data for assessing the effect of salinity tolerance on cyanobacteria associated with a harmful algal bloom in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. (usgs.gov)
• Many papers have been published on the biosynthesis of liver toxin, microcystin, by cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, and on the occurrence of taste and odor due to 2-MIB or geosmin released by Oscillatria agardhii, a dominant species of water-blooms. (kyushu-u.ac.jp)

Accessory1

• Phycobiliproteins are subunits of the major accessory light-harvesting complexes (LHC) of most cyanobacteria and red alga and are present in the thylakoid lumen of cryptophytes as well. (biomedcentral.com)

Binary fission1

• Like other cyanobacteria, Spirulina reproduces asexually by binary fission, which includes duplication of its genetic material and division into two. (studysmarter.co.uk)

Prokaryotes1

• While they, like algae, possess a cell wall , cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and thus lack membrane-bound organelles ( nucleus , Golgi bodies, mitochondria , etc. (microscopemaster.com)

Phycobiliproteins1

• In most cyanobacteria and red algae phycobiliproteins are organized in multimeric complexes, called phycobilisomes [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Fungus7

• Lichens arise from the mutually beneficial partnership that can develop between and fungus and an alga and/or cyanobacterium. (daviddarling.info)
• A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga and/or a cyanobacterium . (daviddarling.info)
• Every lichen (pronounced 'like-en', not 'litch-en') consists of a fungus, which usually makes up the main body or thallus , and an alga and/or a cyanobacterium, whose cells grow in among the threads or hyphae of the fungus (Fig 1). (daviddarling.info)
• Lichen is actually two types of organism, rolled into one - the alga/cyanobacterium provides the fungus with food while the fungus offers the alga a living environment. (daviddarling.info)
• With few exceptions, a lichen is the product of a single species of fungus and a single species of alga or cyanobacterium. (daviddarling.info)
• While algae are the most common photobionts, cyanobacteria are also for a symbiotic relationship with fungus to form lichens. (microscopemaster.com)
• While some lichens may only consist of the cyanobacterium and a fungus, some lichens have been shown to consist of green algae (acting as the primary photobiont), the fungus as well as cyanobacterium (acting as the secondary symbiont). (microscopemaster.com)

Eukaryotic1

• Green algae are eukaryotic and contain chlorophyll, which is responsible for their green color. (maritimepage.com)

Photobiont1

• Another of the lichen photobiont groups are cyanobacteria, formerly known as blue-green algae. (ufl.edu)

Chloroplast1

• They vary in shape (spherical, ovoid, or irregular) and contain a large chloroplast (with chlorophyll A and B which gives them their green appearance) with a folded membrane. (microscopemaster.com)

Sunlight2

• They have chlorophyll a molecule to capture the blue-green sunlight. (netlify.app)
• These microorganisms like Algae possess chlorophyll to convert sunlight into chemical energy, which directly affects algae growth. (flourishingplants.com)

Complexes2

• Andersson, L. A., T. M. Loehr, T. M. Cotton, D. J. Simpson and K. M. Smith (1989) Spectroscopic analysis of chlorophyll model complexes: methyl ester ClFe(III)pheophorbides. (photochemcad.com)
• Büchel, C. (2020) Light harvesting complexes in chlorophyll c-containing algae. (photochemcad.com)

Microorganisms1

• Cyanobacteria and Algae are some of these microorganisms. (flourishingplants.com)

Molecules1

• Many chlorophyll and carotenoid molecules are located adjacent to one another on the thylakoids, and the energy of the excited electrons may be transferred from one to the next until it reaches a reaction center. (blogspot.com)

Fucoxanthin1

• b) Brown algae have chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin. (recruitmenttopper.com)

Spirulina2

• As a form of cyanobacteria, Spirulina exhibits fascinating properties and abilities in the context of Microbiology. (studysmarter.co.uk)
• Spirulina powder has been used since ancient times as a source of nutrients and has been said to possess a variety of possible medical uses. (metacenterchicago.com)

Species1

• Of particular interest among the many species of cyanobacteria are those that live colonially in elongate hair-like structures, known as trichomes. (wikipedia.org)

Photosystem2

• MIT 9313 has one iron-stress-induced pcb gene encoding an antenna protein serving photosystem I (PSI)-comparable to isiA genes from cyanobacteria-and a constitutively expressed pcb gene encoding a photosystem II (PSII) antenna protein. (nerc.ac.uk)
• Dörnemann, D. and H. Senger (1981) Isolation and partial characterization of a new chlorophyll associated with the reaction centre of photosystem I of Scenedesmus. (photochemcad.com)

Reproduction1

• Instead, they possess simple structures that aid in growth and reproduction. (maritimepage.com)

Electron1

• In both mutants, the decay of chlorophyll fluorescence was slowed, indicating impaired electron transfer between QA and QB. (bvsalud.org)

Outer1

• Methods for producing carbon fibers possessing a circular- or complex-shaped outer surface, which may be solid or hollow, are also described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Light2

• Like other plants, Marijuana plants also have chlorophyll for converting light into food energy. (flourishingplants.com)
• Fawley, M. W. (1989) A new form of chlorophyll c involved in light-harvesting. (photochemcad.com)

Form1

• Additionally, cyanobacteria engage in what is called nitrogen fixation , where the element is converted to ammonia, a more stable and easier-to-use form. (breeze-technologies.de)

Consists1

• The most common type in cyanobacteria, the hemidiscoidal one, consists of a tricylindrical core and six rods. (biomedcentral.com)

Partner1

• The algal partner is a green alga (Chlorophyta) or a cyanobacterium (Cyanophyta). (daviddarling.info)

Growth2

• 5)Algal Growth Inhibition Allelochemical released from Aquatic Macrophytes: In eutrophicated semi-closed water areas, extraordinary growth of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) has been an increasing serious problem. (kyushu-u.ac.jp)
• The purpose of this paper is to examine allelopathic effects of aquatic macrophytes, Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus alternifolius L., on cyanobacterium growth inhibition, and to identify algicidal allelochemical. (kyushu-u.ac.jp)

Found1

• Many of the algae/cyanobacteria can, and do, exist separately in nature, but the fungi have never been found alone. (daviddarling.info)

Appearance1

• However, in the lakes of Oshima Onuma, there is a paucity of knowledge about the appearance trends of phytoplankton including cyanobacteria. (hokudai.ac.jp)

Blue1

• 25. The cyanobacteria are also referred to as (Prelims 2012) (a) protists (b) golden algae (c) slime moulds (d) blue green algae. (recruitmenttopper.com)