• It is obtained by acidification of cyanide salts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, addition of acids stronger than hydrogen cyanide to solutions of cyanide salts releases hydrogen cyanide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which is a gas, and the simple cyanide salts (sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide) are common examples of cyanide compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Much smaller amounts of cyanide may enter water through storm water runoff where road salts are used that contain cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • Four incidents of cyanide in soil resulted from disposal of cyanide-containing wastes in landfills and use of cyanide-containing road salts. (cdc.gov)
  • Recommended criteria for a standard intended to protect the health of workers against exposure to hydrogen-cyanide (74908) and cyanide salts, especially sodium-cyanide (13998033), potassium-cyanide (151508) and calcium-cyanide (592018), for up to a 10-hour work shift, 40-hour work week, over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide cn most commonly occurs as hydrogen cyanide hcn and its salts. (web.app)
  • Once all the metal salts are dissolved, the remaining cyanide acts as electrolyte, separating into ions. (web.app)
  • Cyanide is the salt of hydrogen cyanide hcn and most of them are insoluble in water and its salts are also very weak when reacting with the other salts. (web.app)
  • Solutions of ferrocyanides and ferricyanides can form hydrogen cyanide and cyanide ions when exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet radiation. (cdc.gov)
  • Although nitriles generally do not release cyanide ions, the cyanohydrins do and are thus toxic. (wikipedia.org)
  • An example of a nitrile is acetonitrile, CH3−C≡N. Nitriles usually do not release cyanide ions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Free cyanide, the most toxic form, refers to the sum of cyanide ions cn and hydrogen cyanide hcn in a sample. (web.app)
  • and calcium cyanide, Ca(CN)2), while others are sparingly soluble or almost insoluble (copper (I) cyanide, CuCN). (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrocyanic acid, also known as hydrogen cyanide, or HCN, is a highly volatile liquid that is produced on a large scale industrially. (wikipedia.org)
  • The solution containing one hydrogen and one cyanide anion(CN) is called hydrocyanic acid. (bookvea.com)
  • Cyanide, in the form of hydrocyanic acid hcn is purged from the sample and captured into an alkaline scrubber solution. (web.app)
  • In inorganic cyanides, the cyanide group is present as the cyanide anion −C≡N. This anion is extremely poisonous. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cyanide anion reacts with transition metals to form M-CN bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrogenase enzymes contain cyanide ligands attached to iron in their active sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanogen (NC-CN) and cyanogen chloride (CNCl) are highly toxic gases that are soluble in water. (cdc.gov)
  • At neutral pH, cyanogen undergoes a slow hydrolysis to form hydrogen cyanide, cyanic acid (HOCN), and other products. (cdc.gov)
  • Alkaline chlorination of water containing cyanide produces cyanogen chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlorination of water contaminated with cyanide produces the compound cyanogen chloride. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless gas with a faint, bitter, almond-like odor. (cdc.gov)
  • The cyanide compounds in which cyanide can be obtained as CN- are classified as simple and complex cyanides. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanogenic glycosides are cyanide compounds produced naturally in many plants (Jones 1998). (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical compounds that can release cyanide are known as cyanogenic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the most important cyanide coordination compounds are the potassium ferrocyanide and the pigment Prussian blue, which are both essentially nontoxic due to the tight binding of the cyanides to a central iron atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanide is a chemical group consisting of one atom of carbon connected to one atom of nitrogen by three molecular bonds (C≡N) and cyanides are compounds (substances formed by the joining of two or more atoms) that contain a cyanide group (typically shown as CN). (cdc.gov)
  • In certain plant foods, including almonds, millet sprouts, lima beans, soy, spinach, bamboo shoots, and cassava roots (which are a major source of food in tropical countries), cyanides occur naturally as part of sugars or other naturally-occurring compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The biosynthesis of cyanide in the NiFe hydrogenases proceeds from carbamoyl phosphate, which converts to cysteinyl thiocyanate, the CN− donor. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a toxic, white colored, hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses. (bookvea.com)
  • Lithium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. (bookvea.com)
  • Sodium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula Na C is a white, watersoluble solid. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • This public health statement tells you about cyanide and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
  • Emergency LifeSupport Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium cyanide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • The appliion area of concern could also be flushed with a hydrogen peroxide solution prior to Solutrix™ E exposure, to destroy any cyanide present. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • The field portable cyanide analyzer can provide rapid cyanide exposure. (web.app)
  • Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to a number of forms of cyanide. (web.app)
  • These oxidizers are used to destroy cyanides in effluents from gold mining. (wikipedia.org)
  • 104 Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Hazardous Waste Research CYANIDE REMEDIATION: CURRENT AND PAST TECHNOLOGIES Young§ and Jordan, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 ABSTRACT Cyanide (CN) is a toxic species that is found predominantly in industrial effluents generated by metallurgical operations. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Feb 01, 2016· The addition of gold or silver to an alkaline sodium cyanide solution will cause the gold and silver to react with the cyanide and dissolve into the solution in a process called cyanidation. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • RX + CN− → RCN + X− The cyanide ion is a reductant and is oxidized by strong oxidizing agents such as molecular chlorine (Cl2), hypochlorite (ClO−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (wikipedia.org)
  • Nov 03, 2009· I''m interested in recovering the gold from a cyanide and H2O2 solution. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • I treat the gold with sodium cyanide and a little H2O2 in order to polish it: bombing process [Ed. note, put ''bombing'' into the search engine for further info]. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • In the end I have a lot of solution that contains gold, silver, copper, cyanide and H2O2. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • In organic synthesis, cyanide is used as a c1 synthon. (web.app)
  • The cyanide ion −C≡N is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide −C≡O+ and with molecular nitrogen N≡N. A triple bond exists between C and N. The negative charge is concentrated on carbon C. Cyanides are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prussian blue was first accidentally made around 1706, by heating substances containing iron and carbon and nitrogen, and other cyanides made subsequently (and named after it). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanide is unstable in water, but the reaction is slow until about 170 °C. It undergoes hydrolysis to give ammonia and formate, which are far less toxic than cyanide: CN− + 2 H2O → HCO−2 + NH3 Cyanide hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • As indicated in the hydrolysis study acetone cyanhydrin hydrolyses rapidly within minutes to acetone and cyanide. (europa.eu)
  • The hydrolysis products of acetone cyanhydrin were very toxic against aquatic invertebrates. (europa.eu)
  • Information regarding the chemical identity of the most common cyanides is located in Table 4-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Information regarding the physical and chemical properties of cyanide is located in Table 4-2. (cdc.gov)
  • In chemistry, a cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major sources of cyanides in water are discharges from some metal mining processes, organic chemical industries, iron and steel plants or manufacturers, and publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities. (cdc.gov)
  • Other cyanide sources include vehicle exhaust, releases from certain chemical industries, burning of municipal waste, and use of cyanide-containing pesticides. (cdc.gov)
  • The Madagascar bamboo Cathariostachys madagascariensis produces cyanide as a deterrent to grazing. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, in acetonitrile (CH3−C≡N), the cyanide group is bonded to methyl (−CH3). (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the cyanide anion's high nucleophilicity, cyano groups are readily introduced into organic molecules by displacement of a halide group (e.g., the chloride on methyl chloride). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, ch 3 cn can be methyl cyanide but more commonly is referred to as acetonitrile. (web.app)
  • One example of such complex formation is the reaction of cyanide with iron in the formation of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide complexes. (cdc.gov)
  • Explanation of this reaction can be found by observing the related reactions given in the Wikipedia article of sodium thiosulfate. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • The gold is mixed with the sodium cyanide which leads to the following Elsener''s equation and reaction. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Feb 22, 2011· The reaction of chloroauric acid, HAu(Cl)4, with an alkali cyanide yields the alkali gold (III) cyanide MAu(CN)4, where M is sodium or potassium. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Cyanide destruction processes Most cyanide destruction processes operate on the principle of converting cyanide into a less toxic compound through an oxidation reaction. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • In plants, cyanides are usually bound to sugar molecules in the form of cyanogenic glycosides and defend the plant against herbivores. (wikipedia.org)
  • MSDS PAGE: MSDS 7632-00-0 CAS Sodium Nitrite, reagent ACS (crystals), 97+% (titr. (chemcas.com)
  • Sodium Nitrite, reagent ACS (crystals), 97+% (titr. (chemcas.com)
  • Certain bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce cyanide, and cyanide is found in a number of foods and plants. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanides are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae. (web.app)
  • Sodium metabisulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 5) and sodium metabisulfite with hydrogen peroxide (Na 2 S 2 O 5 + H 2 O 2) were used as oxidizing agents. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • hydrogen peroxide which is often utilised for cyanide destruction in tails. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • But such oxidative processes using chloride, hydrogen peroxide and ozone can possibly create toxic gases (ClCN, CNO) and other chemicals (cyanate, chlorinated phenol) as byproducts. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • Silver(I) cyanide react with sodium thiosulfate to produce sodium dithiosulfatoargentate(I) and sodium cyanide. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Sodium nitrate may react with secondary or tertiary amines to form nitrosamines (certain nitrosamines are cancer suspect agents). (chemcas.com)
  • Cyanides form strong complexes with many metals, particularly those of the transition series. (cdc.gov)
  • A functional group with a hydroxyl −OH and cyanide −CN bonded to the same carbon atom is called cyanohydrin (R2C(OH)CN). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Just tonight I was discussing the toxicity of acid gold cyanide with a precious metal plater and a supplier of acid gold. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • This is ''urban legend'' not hard fact, but they felt from decades of handson experience that the toxicity of acid gold cyanide is probably about an order of magnitude lower than sodium cyanide. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • Therefore the toxic principle is the cyanide ion. (europa.eu)
  • Cyanides can both occur naturally or be man-made and many are powerful and rapid-acting poisons. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide poisoning can occur with smoke inhalation from a fire, chemicals or products in the workplace, plants and foods for example, apricot pits, certain chemicals that turn into cyanide after ingestion, and suicide attempts. (web.app)
  • Cyanides are found in substantial amounts in certain seeds and fruit stones, e.g., those of bitter almonds, apricots, apples, and peaches. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the edible parts of plants that are eaten in the United States, including tapioca which is made from cassava roots, contain relatively low amounts of cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen cyanide is a toxic gas that may enter the environment from both natural processes and human industrial activities. (cdc.gov)
  • Many of the cyanides in soil and water come from industrial processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide in landfills can contaminate underground water. (cdc.gov)
  • Sodium BicarbonateBecause the bicarbonate ion is the conjugate base of carbonic acid, a weak acid, sodium bicarbonate will yield a basic solution in water. (bookvea.com)
  • Photozone Destruction of Cyanide Waste at Tinker AFB (Pilot Plant Results) Martin F. Herlacher Tinker AFB F. Robert McGregor Water Management, inc. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • Degussa subsidiary CyPlus has joined forces with Canadian mining and metals company Inco to launch a new cyanide detoxifiion process. (vert-de-rouge.be)
  • Sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide are both white solids with a slight, bitter, almond-like odor in damp air. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen cyanide is a colourless liquidgas with a characteristic odour of bitter almonds. (web.app)
  • Cyanide sometimes is described as having a bitter almond smell, but it does not. (web.app)
  • Cyanide can exist as a gas, liquid, or white crystal powder. (web.app)
  • Today it is still considered the most efficient extraction method - with sodium cyanide used in the leaching process in most gold mining operations. (ardennenvreugde.be)
  • In fact, the clinical standard method for cyanide diagnosis takes 24 hours, long after cyanide therapeutics can be effectively used. (web.app)
  • This document is a general summary of cyanides effects on human health and the environment, and is not intended to be a complete reference on all the environmental and health effects of cyanide. (web.app)
  • Cyanide has been found in at least 471 of the 1,662 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which cyanide is found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
  • The principal process used to manufacture cyanides is the Andrussow process in which gaseous hydrogen cyanide is produced from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst. (wikipedia.org)