• CXCL12 binds the receptor CXCR4 actively counteracting apoptosis and recruiting progenitor cells to the site of injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXCL12, both of which are overexpressed in many cancers, play a pivotal role in metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coexpression of LPA 1 with CXCR4 reduced CXCL12-mediated cAMP inhibition, ERK activation, Gα i/o activation, and β-arrestin recruitment, while CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 remained unaffected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, CXCR4 had no impact on LPA 1 -mediated signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) further hindered CXCL12-induced Gα i/o recruitment to CXCR4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LPA or alkyl-OMPT inhibited CXCL12-induced migration in various cancer cells that endogenously express both CXCR4 and LPA 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ultimately, complete inhibition of cell migration toward CXCL12 and alkyl-OMPT was only achieved in the presence of both CXCR4 and LPA 1 antagonists. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence and impact of CXCR4-LPA 1 heteromers on CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration have been evidenced across various cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combined treatment reduced CXCR4, CXCL12 and PD-L1 expression in MC38 tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we investigated the functional regulatory role of miRNAs in the pain process and its interplay with CXCR4 and its downstream signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs and CXCR4 and its downstream signaling molecules were measured in the spinal cords of mice with sciatic nerve injury via partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and mammal two-hybrid and behavioral tests were used to explore the downstream CXCR4-dependent signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR-23a, by directly targeting CXCR4, regulates neuropathic pain via TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in spinal glial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, it has been found that both chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 were upregulated in spinal glial cells of mice with partial sciatic nerve ligation (pSNL)-induced neuropathic pain or chronic post-ischemia-induced inflammatory pain [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, it is still unknown whether miR-23a regulated neuropathic pain via directly targeting CXCR4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This unidirectional process is regulated by CXCR4 and CXCL12. (biomedigs.org)
  • Vorapaxar Cancers cells induce TGF-dependent upregulation of CXCR4 in monocytes, while CXCL12 portrayed by perivascular fibroblasts draws in these motile TAMs toward the arteries, bringing motile cancers cells together. (biomedigs.org)
  • Hypoxia stimulates hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-dependent expression of CXCL12 and KITL promoting mobilization from the bone marrow and recruitment to primary tumor and metastatic sites of CXCR4 + CD11b + bone marrow-derived cells and KITbCD11b + cells assisting vasculogenesis and metastasis respectively (Kuonen et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CXCR4 is the receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Also, CXCR4 is involved in hematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation, and plays an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Additionally, CXCL12/CXCR4 expression and JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation were reduced in QRHX treatment group. (liankebio.com)
  • Thus, we draw that QRHX played a more important role in inhibiting tumor growth by regulating TAMs in mice, which was found to be associated with the inhibition of inflammation and the CXCL12/CXCR4/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. (liankebio.com)
  • The non-proliferating ASC secrete higher affinity antigenspecific PDE5 Inhibitor Purity & Documentation antibodies (Abs) for protracted periods of time [1,4], are capable of homing to bone marrow (BM) by means of CXCR4/ CXCL12-mediated chemokine signaling or inflamed tissue and differ from Bmem in many respects. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a role in cancer metastases, stem cell mobilization and chemosensitization. (cnr.it)
  • A three amino acid motif (Ar-Ar-X) in CXCL12, also found in the reverse orientation (X-Ar-Ar) in the vMIP-II inhibitory chemokine formed the core of nineteen cyclic peptides evaluated for inhibition of CXCR4-dependent migration, binding, P-ERK1/2-induction and calcium efflux. (cnr.it)
  • Peptides R, S, and T significantly reduced the association of the 12G5-CXCR4 antibody to the receptor and inhibited CXCL12-induced calcium efflux. (cnr.it)
  • Our preliminary data suggest that activation of CXCR4 by CXCL12 in cultured neuroblastoma cells promotes the elongation of neurites, and we have found CXCR4 along these projections. (grantome.com)
  • 2007 In addition activation of CXCR4 by its ligand CXCL-12 triggers the release of glutamate from astrocytes (Cali Marchaland Regazzi & Bezzi 2008 Studies also exhibited that proinflammatory cytokines regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity and contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of neuronal networks. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • Using in vitro PCa cell models, overexpression of miR338-3p resulted in a decrease in cell invasion and expression of chemokine signalling genes CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7. (illinois.edu)
  • It has been also shown that CXCR4 signalling regulates the expression of CD20 on B cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • [4] It is speculated this interaction may be through CXCR4 mediated signalling pathways. (wikidoc.org)
  • [12] [13] However, in breast cancer where SDF1/CXCL12 is also expressed by the cancer cells themselves along with CXCR4, CXCL12 expression is positively correlated with disease free (metastasis free) survival. (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCL12 (over-)expressing cancers might not sense the CXCL12 gradient released from the metastasis target tissues since the receptor, CXCR4, is saturated with the ligand produced in an autocrine manner. (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCL12 is a constitutively expressed chemokine which binds primarily to the CXCR4 receptor and regulates cell growth, chemotaxis, myelopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. (haematologica.org)
  • 6 Recent animal studies involving systemic injection of labeled MM plasma cells have also demonstrated that blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis leads to a 20% reduction in bone marrow tumor burden. (haematologica.org)
  • This activation boosts hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and migration via chemokine C-X-C theme ligand 12 HESX1 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling7. (healthyguide.info)
  • Altogether, Slit-2-induced/Robo-1-mediated signaling final results in decreased activation of several downstream signaling NOP Receptor/ORL1 Formulation molecules of the CXCR4 pathway, which may well inhibit the CXCL12-induced activation of focal adhesion components and downstream effector molecules. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Especially, our outcomes suggest that Slit-2 regulates chemotaxis by a novel mechanism involving the interaction of Robo-1 with CXCR4 also as by down-modulating the activities of focal adhesion complex components along with the PI-3K/Akt pathway. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Thus, site-specific phosphorylation of CXCR4 may be regulated by multiple kinases lead to complex regulation of CXCR4 signaling. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • Allelic variants and immunostaining profile in CXCL12/CXCR4 axis: An investigation of association with prognosis in prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemokine interactions with receptors trigger signaling pathway activity to form a network fundamental to diverse immune processes, including host homeostasis and responses to disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • We sought to explore the possible mechanism by which Tan II A regulated cell proliferation through autophagy signaling pathway in A375 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We concluded that Tan II A reduced A375 cells proliferation by activation of autophagy production, blocked PI3K- Akt - mTOR - p70S6K1 signaling pathway, increased autophagic related gene beclin-1, LC3-II protein expressions and induced autophagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SP1 targeted miR-200b-3p and inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, APS could inhibit osteoporosis through modulating FoxO3a/Wnt signaling pathway in ovariectomized rats [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • b two AR-HIF-1a-CXCL12 signaling in osteoblasts facilitates migration, invasion, plus the EMT in prostate cancer cells, though b2-AR antagonists inhibit the effects of this pathway (48). (gpr44.com)
  • KEGG enrichment showed that the signaling pathways related to IS were endocrine resistance, estrogen, TNF signal pathway, and AGEs/RAGE. (hindawi.com)
  • Conversely, CXCL12-induced calcium signaling and migration were increased in LPAR1 knockout cells, and LPA 1 -selective antagonists enhanced CXCL12-induced Gα i/o signaling and cell migration in the parental MDA-MB-231 cells but not in LPA 1 -deficient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CXCL12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, which plays a role in CXC chemokine receptor 4-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and chemotaxis. (meharryresearch.org)
  • Dr. Marchese has had a long-standing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing G protein-coupled receptor signaling. (mcw.edu)
  • Research in the Marchese lab is directed towards understanding the molecular mechanisms governing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. (mcw.edu)
  • G protein-coupled receptor heteromerization is believed to exert dynamic regulatory impact on signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a family of G-protein-coupled receptor systems binding of chemokines to chemokine receptors triggers a cascade of signaling events which subsequently modulate neurotransmitter release and activities of many receptors and channels. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • For example chemokines CCL2 and CXCL-12 regulate the release of several neurotransmitters including glutamate GABA and dopamine (Heinisch & Kirby 2010 Rostene Kitabgi & Parsadaniantz 2007 The chemokine receptor CCR2 cross-desensitizes GABAa and mu-opioid receptors (Rostene et al. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • CXCR-4 is an alpha- chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 ( SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Expression of this receptor in cancer cells has been linked to metastasis to tissues containing a high concentration of CXCL12, such as lungs, liver and bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
  • Ligand binding induces conformational changes in GPCRs followed by intracellular signaling through activation of heterotrimeric G proteins and recruitment of β-arrestins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our information imply an essential part for Slit-2 in CXCL12-induced chemotaxis/chemoinvasion. (5htreceptor.com)
  • The epigenetic approach in combination with genomic and proteomic techniques is more widely applied to identification of novel genes and signaling pathways that are involved in determining the responsiveness of tumors to a specific treatment. (molcells.org)
  • The oncogenic CXCL12 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in residual cancer cells from a hepatoma heterotopic murine tumor microenvironment and coculture of human hepatoma Huh7 and normal IMR90 cells after radiation. (molcells.org)
  • Taken together, radiation-induced histone alterations at the CXCL12 promoter in hepatoma cells are linked to CXCL12 upregulation and increased aggressiveness in the tumor microenvironment. (molcells.org)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • CXCL12 is known to regulate angiogenesis, while R-spondin3 protects mice from vascular leakage, and the two factors cooperatively stimulate canonical Wnt/-catenin signaling, which subsequently regulates the proliferation of ISCs. (northwestern.edu)
  • The b2-AR-HIF-1a axis also regulates stress-induced pancreatic tumor development and angiogenesis (49) (Figure 1). (gpr44.com)
  • Studies from our laboratory suggest a role for the CXCL12 chemokine in this process, with circulating levels of CXCL12 correlating with bone marrow angiogenesis in patients with multiple myeloma. (haematologica.org)
  • The contribution of CXCL12 to hypoxia-induced angiogenesis was examined in vivo using a subcutaneous murine model of neovascularization. (haematologica.org)
  • Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor in multiple myeloma plasma cells strongly induced in vivo angiogenesis, and administration of a CXCL12 antagonist decreased hypoxia-inducible factor-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Conclusions Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 is a newly identified regulator of CXCL12 expression in multiple myeloma plasma cells and a major contributor to multiple myeloma plasma cell-induced angiogenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • 6 , 7 CXCL12 is an important mediator of several aspects of MM biology including transendothelial migration, 8 , 9 MM plasma cell migration and retention within the bone marrow, 10 , 11 angiogenesis, 7 and osteoclastic bone resorption. (haematologica.org)
  • MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of plasma membrane receptors that orchestrate intracellular signaling in response to diverse extracellular stimuli [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example TNFα differentially modulates trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors and GABA receptors (Pribiag & Stellwagen 2013 2014 Stellwagen & Malenka 2006 It regulates the synaptic strength by facilitating excitatory synaptic transmission while decreasing inhibitory synaptic transmission. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • APS regulated osteocyte autophagy and apoptosis via SP1/miR-200b-3p axis and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby alleviating SONFH, shedding new insights for therapy of SONFH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expressed in neurons and glia these molecules regulate synaptic function mediate neuron-glia communication (Boulanger 2009 interact with neuroendocrine and neuropeptide systems and regulate neurogenesis and CNS development. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • CRK, a protein involved in intracellular signal pathways involved in regulating cellular adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic stress induces synergistic effects on signaling by way of ARs, leading towards the accumulation of DNA damage and advertising the improvement of breast cancer (41). (gpr44.com)
  • NE induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric adenocarcinoma by regulating b2-AR-HIF-1aSnail activity (43). (gpr44.com)
  • Tan II A reduced CXCL12-induced A375 cell invasive ability and migration in a dose dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The four peptides efficiently inhibited CXCL12-dependent migration at concentrations as low as 10 nM and delayed CXCL12-mediated wound healing in PES43 human melanoma cells. (cnr.it)
  • Prolonged exposure to hypoxia strongly up-regulated CXCL12 expression in multiple myeloma plasma cells and hypoxia-inducible factor-2 was found to play a key role in this response. (haematologica.org)
  • Promoter analyses revealed increased hypoxia-inducible factor-2 binding to the CXCL12 promoter under hypoxic conditions. (haematologica.org)
  • MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several pre- and post-transcription mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that differentially expressed genes, including Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 may play crucial roles in the neuroinflammation of IS, and their expression may be negatively regulated by miR-202-3p. (bvsalud.org)
  • The b-adrenergic signal promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by altering the microenvironment of circulating tumor cells by means of increases in monocyte output in the premetastatic stage and macrophage infiltration into the lung (16). (gpr44.com)
  • His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
  • These post-MI stimuli could act on either HSC or niche cells that regulate the bone tissue marrow microenvironment directly. (healthyguide.info)
  • During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. (nature.com)
  • mir-126* is less abundantly found in organisms than mir-126 and fewer roles in regulating gene expression have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • PU.1 negatively regulates GATA3 expression, altering the response of the T helper 2 cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • DC-SIGNR promoted gastric cancer liver metastasis mediated with HNRNPKP2 which expression was regulated by STAT5A. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial E-selectin expression is up regulated by highly metastatic cells entering the liver [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of autophagy-associated protein beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-II, as well as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)、protein kinase B (Akt)、mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)、p70S6K1 signaling pathways were detected by using Western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histone demethylase inhibitor IOX1 attenuated CXCL12 expression and the malignant subpopulation, suggesting that responses to IR can be partially mediated via histone modifications. (molcells.org)
  • Here, we investigated the biological mechanisms that regulate neutrophil CXCR2 expression after CDI, and the influence of host genetics on this process. (frontiersin.org)
  • In sum, our data indicate that IL-1β is a key molecular mediator that communicates between gastro-intestinal tract (i.e. site of CDI) and bone marrow (i.e. primary neutrophil reservoir) and regulates the intensity of CDI-induced tissue neutrophilia by modulating CXCR2 expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • He performed some of the first studies to identify transcription factors that regulate the gene expression and differentiation of eosinophils, which are known to play a major role in allergic and asthmatic responses. (ubc.ca)
  • While the mechanisms responsible for aberrant plasma cell expression of CXCL12 remain to be determined, studies in other systems suggest a role for hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. (haematologica.org)
  • The role of hypoxia-inducible factors-1 and -2 in the regulation of CXCL12 expression was examined using over-expression and short hairpin RNA knockdown constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation. (haematologica.org)
  • Tissue regeneration and repair is essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis and relies on the precise control of molecular networks that regulate, or are regulated by, the vasculature. (northwestern.edu)
  • A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. (wjgnet.com)
  • CXCR7 binds with a high-affinity to CXCL12/SDF-1 and CXCL11/I-TAC, which regulates the trafficking and activation of leukocytes. (biolegend.com)
  • PIM-1 Inhibitor 2 Soluble elements released from ischemic myocardium in to the blood could also signal towards the bone tissue marrow to operate a vehicle hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferation remotely. (healthyguide.info)
  • Jalali et al reported that levels of soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligands are elevated in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and, in addition to surface-bound ligands in bone marrow, could regulate T-cell function. (medscape.com)
  • The long-term goal of our lab is to elucidate the fundamental processes that regulate blood- and lymphatic-vessel function and to understand how disruption of these mechanisms leads to pathological vascular defects. (northwestern.edu)
  • We will test our central hypothesis by pursuing the two Specific Aims: (1) To determine whether Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for repair of the intestinal vasculature during recovery from intestinal injury, (2) To determine the mechanisms by which Foxc1 and Foxc2 regulate blood vessel recovery and intestinal regeneration, and (3) To determine whether Foxc1 and Foxc2 regulate lymphatic vessel recovery and intestinal regeneration. (northwestern.edu)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms for APS in regulating SONFH remain unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, despite a key role for neutrophils in disease pathogenesis, the underlying biological mechanisms that regulate systemic and tissue neutrophil numbers after CDI remain poorly defined. (frontiersin.org)
  • In endothelial cells, mir-126 is also released with in these bodies are upon absorption in a neighbouring cell induce the CXCL12 dependant vascular protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, our central hypothesis is that the transcriptional activity of Foxc1/c2 in BECs and LECs contributes to vascular repair and intestinal regeneration by regulating CXCL12 and R-spondin3 signaling. (northwestern.edu)
  • Moreover, the particular appearance involving IDO inside U937 cellular material was up-regulated through decidual stromal cells ( Aesthetic cortical prostheses (VCPs) have the potential to revive graphic operate to people along with acquired blindness. (autophagysignal.com)
  • TargetScan results suggested that Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 might be regulated by miR-202-3p. (bvsalud.org)
  • We present that motile, loading TAMs are appeared monocytes recently, recruited via CCR2 signaling, that differentiate in to the sessile perivascular macrophages then. (biomedigs.org)
  • Research have shown that adrenergic signal can promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer by activating a-AR to enhance cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis (38, 39). (gpr44.com)
  • [14] Another explanation of this observation is provided by a study that shows the ability of CXCL12 (and CCL2 ) producing tumors to entrain neutrophils that inhibit seeding of tumor cells in the lung. (wikidoc.org)
  • During apoptosis cell death, cells release apoptotic bodies containing paracrine signals to neighbouring cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, APS was reported to improve SONFH via regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, this model provides an intriguing situation for studying the signals permitting survival and differentiation of the memory B cell compartment. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
  • The hypoxic regulation of CXCL12 was examined in multiple myeloma plasma cell lines using polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. (haematologica.org)
  • In a single study, chronic stress led to a rise in FOB-driven interleukin-8 (IL-8) through synergistic signal, which was linked with the increased growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer (42). (gpr44.com)
  • Cellular interactions lie at the core of metazoan physiology and encompass an effective and elegant signaling repertoire that integrates up to trillions of cells in a single organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3 - 5 CXCL12 is highly expressed by MM plasma cells, 6 and circulating levels of CXCL12 are higher in the peripheral blood of MM patients than in age-matched normal donors and MGUS patients. (haematologica.org)
  • After CXCL12 stimulation of HEK293 cells, Ser-324 and Ser-325 become phosphorylated by PKC and GRK6, while Ser-330 and Ser-339 are phosphorylated by only GRK6. (phosphosolutions.com)
  • Studies have clearly shown that tissue neutrophil numbers need to be tightly regulated for optimal CDI outcomes: while excessive colonic neutrophilia is associated with severe CDI, neutrophil depletion also results in worse outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • miR338-3p was significantly down-regulated with disease progression from benign prostate tissue to primary and metastatic lesions. (illinois.edu)
  • TOM1 a negative regulator of the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, neutrophil numbers need to be tightly regulated for optimal CDI outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several miRNAs have been implicated in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) progression. (illinois.edu)
  • It provides a brief overview Streptozotocin (Zanosar) on what we know about neuroimmune signaling and its role in drug action and dependency. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • The effective components of SHD may regulate multiple signaling pathways through IL-6, APP, AKT1, and VEGFA to reduce brain damage and inflammatory damage and exert a neuroprotective role in the treatment of IS diseases. (hindawi.com)