Cutaneous radiation injuries. Medical search. Frequent questions

Injury to the skin and underlying tissues from acute exposure to a large external dose of radiation is referred to as cutaneous radiation injury (CRI). (cdc.gov)
Exposure to radiation can damage the basal cell layer of the skin and result in inflammation, erythema, and dry or moist desquamation. (cdc.gov)
Unlike the skin lesions caused by chemical or thermal damage, the lesions caused by radiation exposures do not appear for hours to days following exposure, and burns and other skin effects tend to appear in cycles. (cdc.gov)
Third wave of erythema (10-16 weeks postexposure, especially after beta exposure)--The exposed person experiences late erythema, injury to blood vessels, edema, and increasing pain. (cdc.gov)
For fluoroscopically guided procedures, this includes a discussion of radiation exposure, dose and risk. (imagewisely.org)
It is often assumed that the gravity of the medical situation merits the radiation exposure. (imagewisely.org)
Radiation exposure to patient and medical staff may be substantial. (imagewisely.org)
Deterministic and stochastic effects of radiation exposure can occur. (imagewisely.org)
BARDA and FirstString Research have partnered to repurpose Alpha-connexin Carboxyl-Terminal 1 (aCT1) eye drops as a potential medical countermeasure (MCM) against chronic eye injuries associated with sulfur mustard exposure. (scbio.org)
In the aftermath of sulfur mustard exposure, acute injury to the cornea often resolves on its own within a few weeks. (scbio.org)
Sunburn is an acute cutaneous inflammatory reaction that follows excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). (medscape.com)
Exposure to solar radiation has the beneficial effects of stimulating the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D and providing radiant warmth. (medscape.com)
UVR exposure also suppresses cutaneous cell-mediated immunity, which might contribute to nonmelanoma skin cancer and certain infections. (medscape.com)
This three-year contract consists of a one-year base period with two one-year optional periods that will allow Meabco to complete IND-enabling studies and advance BP-C2 as a therapy for treating the effects of unintentional radiation exposure. (meabco.com)
Ionizing radiation injures tissues variably, depending on factors such as radiation dose, rate of exposure, type of radiation, and part of the body exposed. (msdmanuals.com)
Diagnosis is by history of exposure, symptoms and signs, and sometimes use of radiation detection equipment to localize and identify radionuclide contamination. (msdmanuals.com)
Management focuses on associated traumatic injuries, decontamination, supportive measures, and minimizing exposure of health care workers. (msdmanuals.com)
Skin problems arising in nail salon workers include hand dermatitis , stomatitis , mechanical injuries, infections, and the effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation . (dermnetnz.org)
Exposure to UV radiation is known to cause premature skin ageing , wrinkles and brown spots . (dermnetnz.org)
Exposure to UV can impair the immune surveillance of cutaneous skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Radiation exposure is one type of toxic exposure that can have dire consequences. (stagliuzza.com)
According to the Environmental Protection Agency , low-level exposure to radiation might not cause immediate health risks, but over a long period of time, individuals may see increased cancer risk. (stagliuzza.com)
Individuals who are at risk of low-level radiation exposure include workers who are employed in industries where there is a risk of radiation exposure and individuals who live near industrial sites where there may be radiation present in the environment. (stagliuzza.com)
What are the signs of radiation exposure? (stagliuzza.com)
According to the Centers for Disease Control , individuals will only experience Acute Radiation Syndrome if their dose and exposure to radioactive materials was very high. (stagliuzza.com)
Generally, the radiation needs to enter the internal organs and exposure to the radiation must affect the person's entire body for these symptoms to appear. (stagliuzza.com)
Others can suffer bone marrow loss due to radiation exposure. (stagliuzza.com)
Radiation exposure in high doses can cause skin burns. (stagliuzza.com)
Cancer that develops from radiation exposure may not be able to be distinguished from cancer that develops due to other hazards. (stagliuzza.com)
Exposure to radiation can be psychologically disturbing. (stagliuzza.com)
The stress or fear of developing cancer after radiation exposure can be difficult to handle. (stagliuzza.com)
Stag Liuzza are radioactive materials lawyers in New Orleans, Louisiana who fight to help victims and families get the justice they may deserve after radiation exposure. (stagliuzza.com)
Medical costs and long-term care costs for cancer, burns, and other effects of radiation exposure can be high. (stagliuzza.com)
What are some possible vectors for radiation exposure in New Orleans? (stagliuzza.com)
The patient denied any history of trauma, excessive sun exposure, vaccination, or cutaneous viral infection anywhere on the hyperpigmented skin lesion. (jsstd.org)
They are most common in individuals in their 6th decade of life and may be related to chronic infection, radiation exposure, and sun or cold exposure. (docksci.com)
The organization publishes recommendations on ventilation, air sampling and air concentration guidelines (threshold limit values or TLVS) designed to control exposure of workers to chemicals, noise and radiation in the workplace. (niohenvis.nic.in)
Preventing your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the best way to diminish your chance of getting all skin cancers, including melanoma. (americanskin.org)
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation can cause skin damage with various pathological changes including inflammation. (molcells.org)
Topical application of PGG followed by chronic exposure to UVB radiation in the dorsal skin of hairless mice resulted in a significant decrease in the progression of inflammatory skin damages, leading to inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. (molcells.org)
Repeated and chronic exposure to UV radiation induces photodamage in the skin, resulting in clinical, histological, and functional changes in the areas of habitually sun-exposed skin. (molcells.org)
Individual radiation dose is assessed by determining the time to onset and severity of nausea and vomiting, decline in absolute lymphocyte count over several hours or days after exposure, and appearance of chromosome aberrations (including dicentrics and ring forms) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. (nebraska.edu)
Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. (nebraska.edu)

This is especially true with acute exposures to beta radiation or low-energy x-rays, because beta radiation and low-energy x-rays are less penetrating and less likely to damage internal organs than gamma radiation is. (cdc.gov)
1 See "Acute Radiation Syndrome: A Fact Sheet for Physicians" at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/arsphysicianfactsheet.asp. (cdc.gov)
CLE can be classified based on clinical and histopathologic findings: typical morphological subsets are acute cutaneous (ACLE), subacute cutaneous (SCLE), intermittent cutaneous [ICLE, also termed lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET)], and chronic cutaneous (CCLE) lupus erythematosus ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Symptoms may be local (eg, burns) or systemic (eg, acute radiation sickness). (msdmanuals.com)
Patients with severe acute radiation sickness receive reverse isolation, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, and bone marrow support. (msdmanuals.com)
Acute radiation syndromes can be caused by a sufficient dose of some internally deposited radionuclides that are widely distributed in tissues and organs and have a high specific activity. (msdmanuals.com)
Opaganib, developed by RedHill Biopharma, has been awarded an additional $1.7 million in U.S. Government funding for the development of a medical countermeasure for gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS). (stocktitan.net)
Acute pain is a normal sensation triggered in the nervous system to alert you to possible injury and the need to take care of yourself, chronic pain is different. (rxwiki.com)

[ 3 ] Sunburn inflammation causes vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels, resulting in the characteristic erythema. (medscape.com)
Inflammation of your blood vessels (cutaneous vasculitis). (drugs.com)

This fact sheet can help clinicians recognize the signs and symptoms of cutaneous radiation injury, and determine and manage/treat the stages and grades of said injuries. (hhs.gov)
Documentation of clinical signs and symptoms (affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and cutaneous systems) over time is essential for triage of victims, selection of therapy, and assignment of prognosis. (nebraska.edu)

Communicating in Radiation Emergencies: Myths of Radiation - a new training that introduces participants to some common myths of radiation and identifies communications strategies to combat these and other myths. (rochester.edu)

aCT1 eye drops decrease inflammation (a common pathological response to chemical injuries such as sulfur mustard) and may promote regenerative ocular healing. (scbio.org)
FirstString Research is an innovative biopharmaceutical company dedicated to discovering breakthrough therapies for inflammation and injury based medical conditions. (scbio.org)
FirstString's therapeutic approach aims at addressing disorders by mitigating excessive inflammation, calming the inflamed tissue, and rebooting the body's normal injury response mechanism to enable rapid, regenerative. (scbio.org)
The principal injury responsible for sunburn is direct damage to DNA by UVR, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis of skin cells. (medscape.com)
The skin is the outermost organ of the human body and is continually exposed to environmental stimuli such as solar radiation, which lead to oxidative stress and induce inflammation through increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). (molcells.org)

When responding to a chemical incident, mitigating long-term consequences of exposures is just as important as treating short-term injuries. (scbio.org)

Cutaneous Manifestations of Lightning Injury: A Review of the Literature [temp. (emf-portal.org)
A high prevalence of cutaneous disorders is expected, because most patients with ESRD have an underlying disease process with cutaneous manifestations. (medscape.com)
These systemic disorders and the associated renal diseases and cutaneous manifestations are tabulated in Table 1, below. (medscape.com)

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an interferon (IFN)-driven autoimmune disease that may be limited to the skin or can be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (frontiersin.org)
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune skin disease that can occur isolated to the skin or with additional systemic manifestation in several organs [systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)] ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The condition occurs following either calcification or, more rarely, ossification of the auricular cartilage secondary to local and environmental injury or to a range of systemic diseases with elevated serum levels of calcium and phosphorus. (medicaljournals.se)
No others cutaneous or systemic findings were observed on general examination. (medicaljournals.se)

The original cause may have been an injury or infection, or a chronic condition or disease, such as arthritis or cancer, may be the source of pain. (rxwiki.com)

however, large radiation doses to the skin can cause permanent hair loss, damaged sebaceous and sweat glands, atrophy, fibrosis, decreased or increased skin pigmentation, and ulceration or necrosis of the exposed tissue. (cdc.gov)
A keloid scar is an abnormal growth of scar tissue that occurs at the site of a cutaneous injury. (jcadonline.com)
Commonly affecting those with skin of color, keloids are an aberrant wound response that leads to wound tissue expanding above and beyond the original cutaneous injury. (springer.com)
Keloids are a pathologic response to cutaneous injury in which wound tissue grows beyond the inciting insult. (springer.com)
Gamma radiation and x-rays are electromagnetic radiation (ie, photons) of very short wavelength that can penetrate deeply into tissue (many centimeters). (msdmanuals.com)
However, despite encouraging results, these trials revealed that the majority of curative effects resulted from the secretion of various paracrine factors elicited by transplanted cells rather than from donation of the therapeutic protein to the affected cutaneous tissue [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We postulate the activation of mast cells to be an initial key event in the cutaneous radiation reaction, which might offer promising targets for treatment of both normal tissue side effects in radiation therapy and radiation injuries. (pdgfrinhibitors.com)

Several large reviews of dermatologic conditions in returned travelers have shown that cutaneous larva migrans, insect bite reactions, and bacterial infections (often superimposed on insect bites) represent the most common skin problems identified during posttravel medical visits ( Table 11-12 ). (cdc.gov)
Cutaneous examination of patients with ESRD has shown that 50-100% of patients have at least 1 dermatologic condition. (medscape.com)

Meabco's partnership with NIAID's Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program leverages on-going BP-C2 development as an adjunct treatment that can improve the safety and efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer treatment to address an important national security priority. (meabco.com)
This funding is in addition to the multimillion-dollar U.S. Government Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP) contract awarded to opaganib. (stocktitan.net)

Ionizing radiation can also be in the form of particulate radiation, which includes subatomic l charged or neutral particles traveling near the speed of light and therefore with high very high kinetic energy. (medscape.com)
Is there an alternative examination, such as MRI or ultrasound, which does not require the use of ionizing radiation? (imagewisely.org)
This study provides a detailed characterization of the dose-dependent impact of ionizing radiation on skin cells (45, 60, or 80 grays). (mdpi.com)
Studies have shown an increased risk for various cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. (oshacademy.com)
Ionizing radiation is emitted by radioactive elements and by equipment such as x-ray and radiation therapy machines. (msdmanuals.com)
But what about non-ionizing radiation? (chriskaylerphotography.com)
In fact, non-ionizing radiation can also degrade your health. (chriskaylerphotography.com)
1998. Food preservation using ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)

CRI can occur with radiation doses as low as 2 Gray (Gy) or 200 rads 2 an d the severity of CRI symptoms will increase with increasing doses. (cdc.gov)
If you have been exposed to radiation, or if your fetus has been exposed to radiation, it is important that you seek medical attention and are monitored for the development of cancer symptoms. (stagliuzza.com)

Depending on the radiation dose, a third and even fourth wave of erythema are possible over the ensuing months or possibly years. (cdc.gov)
The visible skin effects depend on the magnitude of the dose as well as the depth of penetration of the radiation. (cdc.gov)
The referenced absorbed dose levels in this document are assumed to be from beta, gamma, or x-radiation. (cdc.gov)
Neutron or proton radiation produces many of the health effects described herein at lower absorbed dose levels. (cdc.gov)
Major radiation injury to skin or eye is rare, but prolonged or repeated fluoroscopy to a single area with peak skin dose greater than 15 gray is a sentinel event according to the Joint Commission [3]. (imagewisely.org)
Recommendations based on radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. (nebraska.edu)

13 Thus, the application of radiation therapy following surgery appears to prevent keloid scar recurrence by decreasing fibroblast proliferation, arresting the cell cycle and inducing premature cellular senescence. (jcadonline.com)
Urine analysis, urine culture, intravenous urogram, (IVU), voiding cystourethrogram (VCU) , cystoscopy , and sinogram done in our institution revealed communication between urinary bladder and cutaneous opening in left edge of abdominal scar. (org.pk)

Radiation Thermometer - a new tool to help put common radiation doses in perspective. (rochester.edu)

Given that aCT1 displays anti-inflammatory effects for multiple indications within the field of regenerative medicine, the therapeutic potential of an ophthalmic formulation (aCT1 eye drops) will be investigated for long-term ocular injuries caused by vesicants (blister agents), specifically sulfur mustard. (scbio.org)
Repetitive radiation injury disrupts this highly organized sequence of events, resulting in repetitive inflammatory responses and ongoing cellular regeneration[ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The inflammatory and proliferative phases may be disrupted by the early effects of radiation. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 1 - 3 ] There are occasional reports of inflammatory or neoplastic dermatoses that remain confined to a Becker's nevus or show a predilection for a cutaneous area harboring a Becker's nevus. (jsstd.org)
Conclusions: Our data suggest that radiation-induced mast cell mediators have a tremendous impact on inflammatory cell recruitment into irradiated skin. (pdgfrinhibitors.com)
The present study demonstrated that PGG protected from skin damage induced by UVB radiation, and thus, may be a potential candidate for the prevention of environmental stimuli-induced inflammatory skin damage. (molcells.org)

Unfortunately, when the skin is subjected to excessive radiation in the ultraviolet range, deleterious effects may occur. (medscape.com)
Complications after radiation therapy occur in up to 60 percent of surgical patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The calcification may occur either after local injury or in association with metabolic or metastatic diseases in which elevated serum levels of phosphorus and calcium are detected. (medicaljournals.se)

Radiation can cause dry or moist desquamation. (wikipedia.org)

There is an important distinction to be made between the early and the late side-effects of radiation therapy: Early side effects include erythema, dry desquamation, hyperpigmentation and hair loss[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this article is to integrate renal and cutaneous aspects of disease as well as highlight some important, although frequently underappreciated, clinical or laboratory findings that ally renal and skin diseases. (medscape.com)

CHICAGO, Illinois, May 25, 2020 - Meabco Inc. has been awarded a contract valued at up to $5.9 million, funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, under contract number 75N93020C00004, to accelerate the development of BP-C2 as a treatment for cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI). (meabco.com)

Intravenous urogram, (IVU), voiding cystourethrogram (VCU) were done which showed a communication between bladder and cutaneous opening in left corner of abdominal wound (Figure). (org.pk)

They collide with the nuclei of stable atoms, resulting in the emission of energetic protons, alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Gamma and neutron radiation can penetrate most forms of matter. (chriskaylerphotography.com)
1993. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene against gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal damage. (cdc.gov)

In addition, cell death analysis indicated that PF treatment markedly reduced UV‑B‑radiation‑induced apoptosis in keratinocytes, which was accompanied by increased procaspase 3 expression and decreased cleaved caspase 3 expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Preclinical studies suggested that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody was a radiation-sensitizing agent because it increased the rate of apoptosis, regulated the cell cycle, reduced radiation resistance, and increased radiation injuries. (dovepress.com)

1 Early clinical studies of the EGFR monoclonal antibody in combination with radiotherapy primarily included head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and the study of its combination with radiation therapy for NSCLC was performed relatively late. (dovepress.com)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has been reported in clients exposed to UV radiation for cosmetic nail treatment [4] but the risk has been calculated to be negligible [5,6]. (dermnetnz.org)
Radiation therapy is an established modality in the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Cutaneous Lymphoma Group( EORTC-CLG) and the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma( ISCL) expand solar charges on returning the three nonlinear compositions of PCBCL. (4-buescher.de)
External beam radiation therapy - a treatment in which a machine sends a beam of radiation toward the thyroid area -- and chemotherapy are usually only necessary in very advanced cases of thyroid cancer. (ballup.nl)

14 Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of surgical removal of keloid scars followed by radiation therapy. (jcadonline.com)
Under BARDA's Division of Research, Innovation, and Ventures (DRIVe) Repurposing Drugs in Response to Chemical Threats (ReDIRECT) program, BARDA will provide funding for proof-of-concept studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of aCT1 eye drops in preclinical models of sulfur mustard corneal injury. (scbio.org)

[ 4 ] Likely the distinct scientific language and differing cognitive processes between front-line clinicians and radiation safety experts contribute, at least in part, to the discrepancy between what experts think should be done and what front-line providers think can be done. (medscape.com)

We sought to assess keloid recurrence rates when superficial radiation therapy (SRT) was applied following surgical excision. (jcadonline.com)
10-12 Consequently, a wide range of other treatments have been used to treat keloid scars, including silicon bandaging, intralesional injections of corticosteroids and other drugs, cryotherapy, and radiation therapy. (jcadonline.com)
The use of radiation therapy is known to affect gene activity. (jcadonline.com)
Delayed vesico cutaneous fistula after radiation therapy for advanced vulvar cancer. (org.pk)
Radiation is employed as neoadjuvant, primary and adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, uremia and conditions associated with renal replacement therapy are fraught with numerous and, often, relatively unique cutaneous disorders. (medscape.com)

Solar radiation is one of the most important environmental factors leading to skin damage. (molcells.org)
Ultraviolet (UV) light is one part of the spectrum of solar radiation that primarily affects the skin. (molcells.org)
The UV radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation that can be divided into UVA, UVB, and UVC bands by wavelength. (molcells.org)

1995. Advisory committee on human radiation experiments. (cdc.gov)

Petrified ear is an uncommon cutaneous disorder, characterized clinically by marked rigidity of the ear, making it difficult to fold manually. (medicaljournals.se)

For FGI, this must include a discussion of potential radiation effects. (imagewisely.org)
We are excited to be working with the NIH to expand the development of BP-C2 to include the cutaneous radiation injuries that could accompany a large-scale public health emergency," said Meabco CEO Mr. Stig Lofberg. (meabco.com)
Mechanical injuries may include minor abrasions and cuts, often associated with scrubbing floors or contact with other rough surfaces. (dermnetnz.org)

Interestingly, the lesions showed a predilection for a cutaneous area that harbored a Becker's nevus. (jsstd.org)

Radiation toxicology. (cdc.gov)

Photothermal effects of terahertz-band and optical electromagnetic radiation on human tissues [tech./dosim. (emf-portal.org)

A topical formulation of aCT1, called Granexin® gel, is in late-stage trials (Phase 2/3) for indications of cutaneous radiation injury, cutaneous scarring from breast reduction surgery, and thermal burns. (scbio.org)

This course takes a closer look at the risks of radiation to hospital workers and patients and ways to help decrease the risk. (oshacademy.com)

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for building tractable "reduced order" models that can characterize and forecast the heat transfer between a device and a user and the potential for thermal injury. (incompliancemag.com)

In the present study, we identified the skin-protective activity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (pentagalloyl glucose, PGG) in ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced human dermal fibroblasts and mouse skin. (molcells.org)

Radiation is energy transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or energetic particles. (medscape.com)

Radiation Hazard Scale - an emergency communication tool that provides a frame of reference for relative hazards of radiation, conveying meaning without using radiation measurements or units that are unfamiliar to people. (rochester.edu)

[ 1 ] However, UVA comprises the majority of UVR reaching the surface of the earth (about 95-98% at midday) and, therefore, accounts for a significant percentage of the immediate and long-term cutaneous effects of UVR. (medscape.com)

Morbidity associated with non operative management of extraperitoneal bladder injuries. (org.pk)

The best recommendations included detailed safety measures under the direction of sophisticated radiation safety experts, which proved difficult to adapt to emergency department settings. (medscape.com)
However, few emergency departments feel prepared for a radiation disaster, and many personnel question the practicality and safety of current recommendations. (medscape.com)
CRC SimPLER helps radiation emergency planners understand their current capacity, potential bottlenecks, and additional resource needs when planning for population monitoring during response to a radiation emergency. (cdc.gov)

Toxic inhalational injury. (cdc.gov)

The ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle is central to the medical use of radiation in all patient care [1]. (imagewisely.org)
This consensus document was developed by the Strategic National Stockpile Radiation Working Group to provide a framework for physicians in internal medicine and the medical subspecialties to evaluate and manage large-scale radiation injuries. (nebraska.edu)

CRI will progress over time in stages and can be categorized by grade, with characteristics of the stages varying by grade of injury, as shown in Table 1. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms2

Diseases53

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science6

Health Care23

Exposure43

Acute8

Blood vessels2

Signs and symptoms2

Emergencies1

Inflammation5

Exposures1

Manifestations3

Systemic4

Chronic1

Tissue7

Dermatologic2

Nuclear Countermeasures Program2

Ionizing Radiation8

Symptoms2

Dose6

Scar2

Doses1

Inflammatory6

Occur3

Moist desquamation1

Erythema1

Findings1

20201

Wound1

Gamma3

Apoptosis2

Clinical1

Treatment4

Therapeutic2

Clinicians1

Therapy6

Solar3

19951

Disorder1

Include3

Interestingly1

Toxicology1

Tissues1

Burns1

Risks1

Thermal1

Fibroblasts1

Electromagnetic waves1

Measurements1

Long-term1

Bladder1

Emergency3

Toxic1

Medical2

Stages1