AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
Kainic AcidExcitatory Amino Acid AgonistsSeizuresReceptors, Kainic AcidStatus EpilepticusHippocampusConvulsantsFlurothylN-MethylaspartateNeuronsNeurotoxinsKindling, NeurologicPentylenetetrazoleMedulla OblongataRats, Sprague-DawleyEpilepsy, Temporal LobeReceptors, NeurotransmitterQuinolinic AcidsNitrergic NeuronsIbotenic AcidEpilepsyalpha-MethyltyrosineMossy Fibers, HippocampalReceptors, GlutamateVestibular NucleiGlutamatesPyrrolidinesNerve DegenerationGliosisGlutamic AcidQuisqualic AcidNeuroprotective AgentsPeriaqueductal GrayBrainRats, Wistaralpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic AcidQuinolinic AcidRats, Inbred StrainsAnticonvulsantsDisease Models, AnimalExcitatory Amino AcidsCell DeathNystagmus, PhysiologicReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateHyperprolactinemiaMicroinjectionsInjections, IntraventricularElectroencephalographyDentate GyrusPonsPilocarpineExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsCorpus StriatumBehavior, Animal6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneNADPH DehydrogenaseQuinoxalinesAstrocytesLimbic System
NMDAHippocampusAgonistKainate receptorsHippocampalGlutamate ReceptorPostsynapticStatus epilepticusSeizuresNeuronsAMPA ReceptorsGABAAAgonistsSelectiveNeurotransmitterGABAMediatePlasticityIGluRAmino AcidsDomoicIonicVertebrate retinaQuinolinicTRPV1AntagonistsBehavioralRegulateRatsValproic acidEpilepsyInhibitBindExtracellularNeurotoxicCellularNeurogenesis
NMDA13
  • AMPA Domoic acid Kainic acid NMDA Quinolinic acid Quisqualic acid Tetrazolylglycine Acetylcholine receptor agonists are drugs that activate the acetylcholine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to down-regulate NMDA receptors (NMDA-Rs) in a homeostatic manner. (uandes.cl)
  • In cortical, but not in hippocampal synaptosomes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor induced NO synthesis and inhibited NMDA-R currents present in isolated post-synaptic densities. (uandes.cl)
  • Glutamate receptors (GluRs) can be categorized as ionotropic or metabotropic and subcatergorized by their agonist preferences (NMDA, AMPA or Kainic acid). (labmal.com)
  • Application of glutamate, N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA), or kainic acid (KA), but not AMPA, resulted in increased mIPSC frequency in most neurons. (uky.edu)
  • Whereas NMDA application increased mIPSC frequency, blocking NMDA receptors was without effect, indicating that presynaptic NMDA receptors were present, but not activated by ambient glutamate levels in the slice. (uky.edu)
  • The effect of NMDA was prevented by AMPA/KA receptor blockade, suggesting indirect involvement of NMDA receptors. (uky.edu)
  • The stimulatory effect of capsaicin on GABA release was prevented when AMPA/KA or NMDA, but not AMPA receptors were blocked. (uky.edu)
  • This effect was blocked by coinjection of 1 μg (hr)IL-1β receptor antagonist or 0.1 ng of 3-((+)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate, selective antagonists of IL-1β and NMDA receptors, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
  • NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Watkins et al (1990) Experiments with kainate and quisqualate agonists and antagonists in relation to the sub-classification of 'non-NMDA' receptors. (tocris.com)
  • Obviously, NMDA currents measured at 8 s by 45%, similar to what is observed in the cortical neurons. (immune-system-research.com)
  • these effects were mediated in part via glutamatergic AMPA/kainate but not NMDA receptor signaling. (uky.edu)
Hippocampus7
  • The third was an investigation of the excitatory amino acid receptors responsible for epileptiform bursting activity in 2 animal models of epilepsy: a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy, involved prior lesioning of the hippocampus with kainic acid, and an acute model which involved application of the GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Using immunocytochemistry and ELISA, we investigated the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in the rat hippocampus after focal application of kainic acid inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures and CA3 neuronal cell loss. (jneurosci.org)
  • In particular, cyclothiazide greatly potentiates AMPA receptor-mediated depolarizing responses in the hippocampus. (nih.gov)
  • Altered distribution of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor subunit GluR2(4) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NMDAR1 in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Immunohistochemical distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes mGluR1b, mGluR2/3, mGluR4a and mGluR5 in human hippocampus. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • therefore we have investigated alterations of neurofilaments, major cytoskeletal components of neurons, in the rat hippocampus after the kainic acid (ka) administration, an experimental model for the temporal lobe epilepsy . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Decrement of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule cells in epileptic hippocampus. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
Agonist7
  • For example, kainic acid can lead to status epilepticus in animals as it is a cyclic analog of l-glutamate and an agonist for kainate receptors in the brain which makes it a potent neurotoxin and excitant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid [21] and the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine [22] are commonly used in SE models. (jle.com)
  • In this study, the effects of 1-BCP on excitatory amino acid agonist-induced [3H]NE release in rat hippocampal slices were determined. (nih.gov)
  • Domoic acid is a kainate receptor agonist. (tocris.com)
  • A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. (lookformedical.com)
  • A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist. (lookformedical.com)
  • Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid agonist that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. (medlink.com)
Kainate receptors2
  • More potent and possibly more selective than kainate at kainate receptors, as demonstrated in electrophysiological studies. (tocris.com)
  • Although kainate receptor activation has been known to evoke epileptiform activity, little is known about the role of kainate receptors in synaptic transmission. (elsevierpure.com)
Hippocampal6
  • We have shown previously, that mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 (TNFR1) exhibit greater hippocampal neurodegeneration, suggesting that TNFR1 may be protective in kainic acid (KA)-induced neurotoxicity. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • inhibitory postsynaptic currents (ipscs) were studied in hippocampal dentate granule cells (dgcs) in the pilocarpine model and human temporal lobe epilepsy , with the use of the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Thirdly, CP-465022 has inhibitory effects on Kainate-induced whole-cell currents in voltage-clamped rat hippocampal. (immune-system-research.com)
Glutamate Receptor3
  • Most convulsants are antagonists (or inverse agonists) at either the GABAA or glycine receptors, or ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bicuculline Brucine Colubrine Diaboline Gelsemine Hyenandrine Laudanosine Oripavine RU-5135 (also GABA antagonist) Sinomenine Strychnine Thebaine Tutin Ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists are drugs that activate the ionotropic glutamate receptors in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • AMPAR, together with other members of the ionic glutamate receptor (iGluR) family, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors and kainic acid receptors (NMDARs and KARs), is a cationic permeable receptor tetramer. (immune-system-research.com)
Postsynaptic5
  • We examined the effect of selective activation and inhibition of iGluRs on tetrodotoxin-insensitive, miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in DMV neurons using patch-clamp recordings in brainstem slices from mice. (uky.edu)
  • Once released, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, allowing the signal to propagate. (org.es)
  • 2) Specific neurotransmitter receptors are localized on the postsynaptic cells, and (3) there exists a mechanism to stop neurotransmitter release and clear molecules from the cleft. (org.es)
  • Neuroactive glutamate is classified as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) because glutamate binding onto postsynaptic receptors typically stimulates, or depolarizes, the postsynaptic cells. (org.es)
  • Here we report that kainate (KA) receptors are present on interneurons and, when activated, cause a large increase in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) driven by action potentials. (elsevierpure.com)
Status epilepticus1
  • The pathophysiological relevance of this observation was investigated in synaptosomes and post-synaptic densities isolated from rat hippocampi and cerebral cortices following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. (uandes.cl)
Seizures2
  • Plasticity of granule cell-mossy fiber system following kainic acid induced seizures: an immunocytochemical study on neurofilament proteins. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Journal Article] Limb-clasping, cognitive deficit and increased vulnerability to kainic acid - induced seizures in neuronal GPI anchor deficiency mouse models. (nii.ac.jp)
Neurons3
  • The presence of functional ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) on GABAergic terminals that rapidly alter GABA release onto DMV motor neurons has been suggested previously, but the receptor subtypes contributing to the response are unknown. (uky.edu)
  • Its currents were measured at 8 s by 70% d in primary cultures of cortical and cerebellar granule neurons. (immune-system-research.com)
  • Further evidence for this hypothesis was provided by electrophysiological data showing that Ex-4 increased the frequency of AMPA-mediated currents and reduced the paired/pulse ratio in VTA dopamine neurons. (uky.edu)
AMPA Receptors7
  • Tetrameric or pentameric combinations of different subunits contributes to the functional diversity of AMPA receptors. (labmal.com)
  • In general, AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic current at most excitatory synapses, with stoichiometry characterized by subtype composition. (labmal.com)
  • Although subunit composition of AMPA receptors varies, they must contain at least one edited GluR2 subunit to be calcium impermeable. (labmal.com)
  • Inhibition of AMPA/KA receptors reduced mIPSC frequency, but selective antagonism of AMPA receptors did not alter GABA release, implicating the presence of presynaptic KA receptors on GABAergic terminals. (uky.edu)
  • Besides, AMPA receptors are responsible for most of the rapid excitatory transmission in the central nervous system. (immune-system-research.com)
  • CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes. (immune-system-research.com)
  • This synaptic current is similar to that mediated by AMPA receptors in its response to short stimulus trains, current-voltage relations and coefficient of variation, but it is much smaller in peak amplitude and much slower. (elsevierpure.com)
GABAA3
  • GABAA receptor antagonists are drugs that bind to GABAA receptors but do not activate them and inhibit the action of GABA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus it blocks both the endogenous and exogenous actions of GABAA receptor agonists. (wikipedia.org)
  • 13. Kang, Q. and Barnes, G.N. (2013) A common susceptibility factor for autism and epilepsy: functional deficiency of GABAA receptors, J. Autism Develop. (uoflautism.org)
Agonists1
  • It is now clear that the AMPA subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) undergoes a rapid desensitization in response to activation by AMPA receptor agonists. (nih.gov)
Selective2
  • Now, we will introduce a selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist, CP-465022 . (immune-system-research.com)
  • At first, CP-465022 is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. (immune-system-research.com)
Neurotransmitter2
  • Functionally, dystrophin expressed in the CNS plays an important role in the clustering of neurotransmitter receptors and water- and ion channels to the cellular membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. (lookformedical.com)
GABA3
  • Capsaicin, which activates transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors and increases mIPSC frequency in the DMV via an iGluR-mediated, heterosynaptic mechanism, was also applied to assess GABA release subsequent to capsaicin-stimulated glutamate release. (uky.edu)
  • Results of these studies indicate that presynaptic NMDAR and KA receptors regulate GABA release in the DMV, representing a heterosynaptic arrangement for rapidly modulating parasympathetic output, especially when synaptic excitation is elevated. (uky.edu)
  • These data demonstrate that SRSs in this IAK model of MTLE are pharmacoresistant to two representative sodium channel-inhibiting ASDs (phenytoin and carbamazepine) and partially sensitive to GABA receptor modulating ASDs (diazepam and phenobarbital) or a mixed-mechanism ASD (valproate). (bvsalud.org)
Mediate2
  • Additional behavioral data indicated that GLP-1R expressed specifically within the VTA can partially mediate the intake- and body weight-suppressive effects of systemically administered Ex-4, offering the intriguing possibility that this receptor population may be clinically relevant for food intake control. (uky.edu)
  • A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. (lookformedical.com)
Plasticity2
  • Excitatory Amino Acids and Synaptic Plasticity. (tocris.com)
  • A paper recently published by eLife on forebrain cortical synaptic plasticity reports that retinoic acid (RA) alters synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells (Lenz et al. (preprints.org)
IGluR1
  • The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolopropionic acid receptor ( AMPA receptor ) is an ionic glutamate (iGluR) transmembrane receptor. (immune-system-research.com)
Amino Acids1
  • Some neuroactive compounds are amino acids, which also have metabolic functions in the presynaptic cell. (org.es)
Domoic3
Ionic1
  • This was designed to produce cells which would allow investigation, using patch-clamp techniques, of ionic cell currents in single neurones. (soton.ac.uk)
Vertebrate retina2
  • In this chapter, we shall try to summarize our current knowledge of horizontal cells in the vertebrate retina. (org.es)
  • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. (org.es)
Quinolinic1
TRPV11
  • Many of the cannabinoids activate the TRPV1 receptor, the same receptor activated by hot foods containing capsaicin such as peppers. (cvresearch.info)
Antagonists1
  • 3-Mercaptopropionic acid Allylglycine Glycine receptor antagonists are drugs which inactivates the glycine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Behavioral1
  • Current project used advanced behavioral analysis, calcium imaging and optogenetics technology to identify the critical neural populations in basolateral amygdala responsible for optimism and pessimism. (nii.ac.jp)
Regulate1
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
Rats1
  • More, recently, a benzamide compound, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)-piperidine (1-BCP), has been reported to enhance AMPA-induced currents and to facilitate memory retention in rats in a number of memory tasks. (nih.gov)
Valproic acid1
  • Blood ammonia levels in epileptic children on 2 dose ranges of valproic acid monotherapy: A cross-sectional study. (livedna.net)
Epilepsy2
  • Epilepsy Currents Nov/Dec 2009, 9(6):176-8. (uoflautism.org)
  • For this reason, current drug treatment options for epilepsy predominantly combat ictogenesis, or the initiation of paroxysmal activity [3]. (jle.com)
Inhibit1
  • D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. (lookformedical.com)
Bind1
Extracellular1
  • In addition, repeated MCLR significantly elevated the membrane expression of kainate receptor GluK2 subunits, p-pan-protein kinase C (PKC), and p-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) at 1â ¯h after KA. (bvsalud.org)
Neurotoxic1
  • Relative calcium permeability in AMPA receptor channels may be significant in pathological neurotoxic damage and long term changes in nervous system responses. (labmal.com)
Cellular1
  • Therefore, authors are invited to submit original research and review articles which address the progress and current standing of cellular signalling processes. (mdpi.com)
Neurogenesis1
  • Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)