• Murray's most grievous act, according to the prosecution, was that he dared to bring the hospital-only anesthetic propofol into a private home and use it without the proper monitoring and resuscitation equipment. (thedailybeast.com)
  • The American Society of Anesthesiologists commends Missouri Governor Jay Nixon on his decision not to use propofol in a manner that may have significantly affected the availability of this medication for the anesthetic care of patients in America. (asahq.org)
  • As an intravenous anesthetic, propofol has been indicated to induce neurotoxicity in both animal and human brains. (degruyter.com)
  • Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is an intravenous anesthetic widely used in surgery or intensive care units to induce and maintain anesthesia as well as sedation [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Multiple law enforcement sources tell us the toxicology report in the Michael Jackson case shows Jackson had a lethal amount of the anesthetic Propofol in his system - but that wasn't the only drug. (newsone.com)
  • Propofol, a widely used anesthetic, could be used in a death row execution scheduled for next month. (medicaldaily.com)
  • The dog was then anesthetized with either propofol or isoflurane and a light plane of anesthesia was maintained on each respective anesthetic for 30 minutes. (purdue.edu)
  • Propofol is a powerful anesthetic and memory loss agent that can be fatal in large doses. (joins.com)
  • However, the little data are available concerning anesthetic effects in puppies treated with medetomidine and propofol. (vin.com)
  • Propofol is a commonly used anesthetic in the clinic ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Propofol has become a popular anesthetic because its relatively 'short action' allows for a quick recovery, and is considered safe with minimal side effects. (healthworldnet.com)
  • We conclude that continuous infusion of propofol on these studied rates does not promote significant alterations in the electrocardiogram, and both anesthetic protocols analyzed could be safe methods to be used in patients with some cardiac damage. (vin.com)
  • Unfortunately, because propofol is labeled an anesthetic, GI docs in most hospital endoscopy units are blocked from using the drug by the hospitals' anesthesia departments, which set sedation policies. (jwatch.org)
  • Prior studies have suggested that propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol), one of the most extensively used intravenous anesthetic agents during cancer surgical excision, influences the biological behaviors of cancer cell, including growth, invasiveness, and metastasis [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • It has been reported that propofol, the most commonly used anesthetic, could inhibit inflammation response in CNS. (researchsquare.com)
  • Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agents, has been reported to have anti-inflammation effects. (researchsquare.com)
  • Propofol is a short and rapid-acting general anesthetic with narcotic and sedative properties. (biesterfeld.com)
  • A lethal dose of propofol is used for medical assistance in dying in Canada to quickly induce deep coma and death, but rocuronium is always given-even when the patient dies as a result of propofol injection. (wikipedia.org)
  • and on his left leg, there is another bruise from the permanent intravenous port Murray had installed behind his knee to facilitate his nightly dose of propofol. (thedailybeast.com)
  • Rogers said it just didn't make sense that Jackson awoke from propofol slumber and gave himself another fatal dose during the two minutes that Murray claimed he was out of the room. (thedailybeast.com)
  • We examined whether IV lidocaine reduces the dose of propofol and the occurrence of adverse events during gastroscopy in elderly patients. (dovepress.com)
  • IV lidocaine reduced the total and maintenance propofol dose in Group L ( p (dovepress.com)
  • AEG addiction expert says, Michael 's drug addiction gave him "a grave prognosis" for a long life and each dose of propofol was like playing "Russian roulette! (mjworld.net)
  • The mean dose during maintenance of anesthesia with propofol was 9.0 mg/kg/h or halothane 1.5-2% and fentanyl at a total dose of 5 microg/kg administered during surgery. (medscimonit.com)
  • The predicted induction dose of propofol, estimated from age and weight for each patient, was given at a rate of 1% of the induction dose per second, to a possible maximum of 2.5 times the predicted induction dose. (general-anaesthesia.com)
  • Propofol concentrations were increased in dose-dependent manner, and were significantly increased after 30 minutes in P0.6 and P0.8. (vin.com)
  • It was identified that propofol inhibited the viability and invasion, but promoted apoptosis of HGC‑27 and AGS cells in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The aim of this work was to evaluate fortuitous electrocardiographic alterations in dogs, promoted by increasing dose of propofol administrated by continuous infusion, associated or not to nitrous oxide. (vin.com)
  • Subsequently, propofol clinical data from three dose levels in intact patients and anhepatic subjects were used for the optimization of hepatic and renal CL int in a simultaneous fitting routine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Both propofol and dexmedetomidine decrease systemic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the first group ( n = 42), sedation was performed by intravenous propofol infusion at a dose of 4 to 12 mg/kg/hour. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A person could have no reaction to a large dose of propofol and another person could have a profound reaction a small dose of propofol. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Sedation is frequently necessary in patients with septic shock, and therefore Zausig and colleagues investigated the effects of dose-dependent effects of various induction agents (propofol, midazolam, s(+)-ketamine, methohexitone, etomidate) in a Langendorff heart preparation from rats rendered septic by CLP. (resus.me)
  • I recently came across an article by Dr Rick Pescatore in Emergency Medicine News [ 1 ] related to the use of low-dose propofol to treat headache in the ED. It immediately caught my attention because treating migraine and other types of headache is a common part of emergency medicine practice. (medscape.com)
  • The ABM-based propofol induction dose has a high success rate in normal, overweight and obese patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • Propofol, marketed as Diprivan, among other names, also known as 2,6-diisopropylphenol, is a short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and a lack of memory for events. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fass miljöinformation för Diprivan (propofol) från Aspen Nordic (hämtad 2024-01-19). (janusinfo.se)
  • Arkivdokumentation från Fass Diprivan (propofol) finns från 2011-05-24. (janusinfo.se)
  • 1 The package inserts for both propofol and Diprivan ® recommend that strict aseptic techniques be used in preparing and administering the agents and that vials be disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol prior to administration. (apsf.org)
  • 4 The recommendation to swab the vials of propofol and Diprivan ® may be due to its formulation in a white, oil-in-water emulsion. (apsf.org)
  • Of note, both propofol and Diprivan ® also contain disodium edetate (0.005%) to retard the rate of growth of microorganisms in the event of accidental extrinsic contamination. (apsf.org)
  • Thus for patient safety, we believe that providers should routinely swab propofol and Diprivan ® vials prior to administering these agents and be aware of another drug that may look similar. (apsf.org)
  • Propofol also known as Diprivan is a short-acting intravenous drug that is used for general anesthesia. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • One of the reasons propofol is thought to be more effective (although it has a longer half-life than lorazepam) is because studies have found that benzodiazepines like midazolam and lorazepam tend to accumulate in critically ill patients, prolonging sedation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of its rapid induction and recovery time, propofol is also widely used for sedation of infants and children undergoing MRI. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for Propofol‐Lipuro 1% to maintain sedation via continuous infusion in people older than sixteen with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who require mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit ICU setting. (wikipedia.org)
  • Propofol-based sedation has been widely used for gastroscopy, but the risk of respiratory suppression in elderly patients should not be overlooked. (dovepress.com)
  • Propofol is a remarkable drug that has revolutionized sedation for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. (jwatch.org)
  • Because it has proven to be more effective than hypnotics (such as versed) and narcotics (such as fentanyl), an estimated 40% of all endoscopic sedation in the U.S. is now being performed with propofol. (jwatch.org)
  • You are setting up for procedural sedation and would like to use propofol. (sinaiem.org)
  • Propofol is indicated for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or sedation in children and adults during surgical or other diagnostic procedures. (npra.gov.my)
  • The use of propofol is most commonly seen in the sedation of mechanically ventilated adults and sedation during surgery. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Also, the aseptic technique for administration of propofol includes cleaning of the rubber bung, if present, with isopropyl alcohol, leaving it to dry. (cdc.gov)
  • In children, the administration of propofol maintenance anesthesia is associated with a significantly higher incidence of emergence agitation than halothane maintenance anesthesia. (medscimonit.com)
  • There are reports of self-administration of propofol for recreational purposes. (blogs.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of emergence agitation in children receiving either propofol or halothane anesthesia for a variety of surgical treatments using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. (medscimonit.com)
  • Thirty-eight female patients (age 39 (9) yr, weight 65 (11) kg, and height 165 (8) cm) (mean (SD)) were randomly allocated to receive either propofol or sevoflurane. (general-anaesthesia.com)
  • Patients aged 65-90 yr undergoing major cancer surgery were randomised to either propofol -based anaesthesia or to sevoflurane -based anaesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, the present study indicated that propofol inhibited the proliferation and invasion, but enhanced the apoptosis of GC cells by regulating the circ‑PVT1/miR‑195‑5p/ETS1 axis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Peng and Zhang ( 8 ) indicated that propofol inhibited proliferation, but induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Step 2: Lidocaine 40 mg given as 4ml of 1% preparation to reduce the burning sensation and pain associated with the injection of propofol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intravenous (IV) lidocaine during surgery can reduce the demand for propofol and the incidence of cardiopulmonary complications. (dovepress.com)
  • IV lidocaine can significantly reduce the amount of propofol, the incidence of hypoxia and postoperative pain during gastroscopy in elderly patients, with a higher patient and gastroscopist satisfaction. (dovepress.com)
  • In both groups a mixture of 40 mL propofol 1% with 2 mL lidocaine 1% was used to induce anesthesia. (eur.nl)
  • In contrast, only 11 of the patients given propofol lost the response to pain after 2.5xED(50) had been given. (general-anaesthesia.com)
  • Delirium in older patients given propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia for major cancer surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. (bvsalud.org)
  • The VMD has issued a product defect recall alert for all batches of Propofol Emulsion for Injection 1.0% w/v currently on the market, produced by Norbrook Laboratories (Inductofol, Vetofol and Norofol). (bsava.com)
  • Propofol emulsion for injection or infusion local package insert [Internet]. (npra.gov.my)
  • Previous studies have investigated the inhibitory effect of propofol on cancer cells in a variety of tumors, such as breast ( 2 ), lung ( 3 ) pancreatic ( 4 ), ovarian ( 5 ), hepatic ( 6 ) and gastric cancer (GC) ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Background: The lung protecting effect of propofol requires methods to measure the propofol concentration of the epithelial line fluid covering the alveolar surface.We hypothesized that (1) propofol can be determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Another recent but rare side effect of propofol use is propofol infusion syndrome. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • There was an association between lack of control of propofol (e.g., pharmacy accounting) at the time of abuse and incidence of abuse at the program. (healthworldnet.com)
  • W e compared the time to reach two anaesthetic end-points during induction of anaesthesia with a potent inhalation agent (sevoflurane) and an i.v. agent (propofol). (general-anaesthesia.com)
  • After medetomidine premedication (30ug/kg) and propofol induction (2 mg/kg), dogs were maintained with 0.2 mg/kg/min (P0.2), 0.4 mg/kg/min (P0.4), 0.6 mg/kg/min (P0.6), and 0.8 mg/kg/min (P0.8) of propofol infusion for 90 minutes. (vin.com)
  • We compared the postoperative nausea and vomiting of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and sevoflurane (SEVO) anesthesia under auditory evoked potential (AEP) monitoring in female patients undergoing breast surgery. (nih.gov)
  • We observed that when compared with sevoflurane, propofol given for the maintenance of general anesthesia improves the postoperative patient well-being and reduces the incidence of PONV. (nih.gov)
  • The median times and interquartile values for loss of arm tone were 105 (88-121) s for sevoflurane and 65 (58-80) s for propofol. (general-anaesthesia.com)
  • It was also demonstrated that propofol inhibited sevoflurane-induced inflammation through NF-κB pathway in human neuroglioma cells [ 15 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that there is less delirium after propofol -based than after sevoflurane -based anaesthesia within 7 days of major cancer surgery . (bvsalud.org)
  • To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to its package insert however, as approved by the U.S. FDA, propofol is only supposed to be administered by healthcare professionals trained in the administration of general anesthesia, such as anesthesiologists and certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA). (healthworldnet.com)
  • While propofol use is common when used in general anesthesia it has also become more common for recreational purposes. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Propofol use would probably be more common recreationally if it was more available to the general public but seeing how it is mainly used for general anesthesia you can't get it in a prescription at home. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • In puppies, infusion with 0.6 or 0.8 mg/kg/min of propofol produced a surgical anaesthesia. (vin.com)
  • 3) Wiskin AE, Smith J, Wan SKY, Nally MWJ, Shah N. "Propofol anaesthesia is safe in children with food allergy and undergoing endoscopy. (sinaiem.org)
  • Delirium is a common and disturbing postoperative complication that might be ameliorated by propofol -based anaesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
  • We aimed to determine the success rate of inducing anaesthesia in normal, overweight and obese patients with propofol , using an adjusted body mass scalar (ABM), which embodies the increased FFM of obese patients . (bvsalud.org)
  • Materials and Methods: The suppression effects of propofol on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and Transwell invasion assay. (aging-us.com)
  • Subanesthetic levels of propofol have been described to induce a "high" that is characterized by euphoria and sensitization. (healthworldnet.com)
  • RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Propofol injection pain: Is it still an issue? (eur.nl)
  • Propofol injection pain: Is it still an issue? (eur.nl)
  • The use of propofol often results in pain upon injection. (eur.nl)
  • However, basic premedication protocol aimed at peri- and postoperative pain reduction could also sufficiently reduce propofol injection pain, rendering other special interventions redundant. (eur.nl)
  • Some of the risks associated with propofol use aside from low blood pressure are apnea and pain in the injection site. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Most important for the state's case: Rogers testified it was his conclusion that the cause of death was "acute propofol intoxication" exacerbated by two sedatives given by Murray-lorazepam and midazolam-and that the manner of death was homicide. (thedailybeast.com)
  • Propofol extravasation pain masked by lignocaine premedication. (springer.com)
  • Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP Condensation. (apsf.org)
  • Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP. (apsf.org)
  • Propofol is an injectable emulsion containing water, egg lecithin, soybean oil and glycerin. (sinaiem.org)
  • Propofol Injectable Emulsion Safety Data Sheet. (sinaiem.org)
  • Du X , Wang X , Zheng Y , Liu D , . Propofol suppresses the growth and invasion of cervical carcinoma cells by inhibiting MIR155HG. (aging-us.com)
  • In critically ill patients, propofol is superior to lorazepam both in effectiveness and overall cost. (wikipedia.org)
  • Propofol infusion syndrome is potentially lethal and has been reported in critically ill patients after they have used high-doses of it in combination with corticosteroids and catecholamines. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Of course we should be cautious about extrapolating animal lab work to clinical practice, but this supports my position of vehement opposition to the injudicious use of propofol for RSI in critically ill patients! (resus.me)
  • Användningen av propofol (försäljningsdata Sverige 2021) har bedömts medföra låg risk för miljöpåverkan. (janusinfo.se)
  • 2021. https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/735114/all/propofol. (tabers.com)
  • This study examined the effects of two commonly used anesthetics, isoflurane (an inhalant agent) and propofol (an injectable agent), on canine olfactory-cognitive circuitry in detecting brown root rot fungus (BRR). (purdue.edu)
  • Each dog received two treatments, isoflurane and propofol, in a randomized order with an 11-day washout period between treatments. (purdue.edu)
  • Furthermore, isoflurane did not have a greater impact on the olfactory acuity of dogs compared to propofol (p = 0.669) and no significant difference in the overall effect between the two anesthetics (p = 0.278). (purdue.edu)
  • We concluded that isoflurane and propofol do not cause negative effect on canine olfaction within 24 hours. (purdue.edu)
  • Propofol has GABA potentiation, which probably provides a certain amount of direct analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • In colorectal cancer, propofol inhibits cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-124-3p.1/AKT3 [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Condensation was noted on the stopper of vials of propofol and inside the flip top cap which raised concerns about the drug's potential sterility (Figures 1 and 2). (apsf.org)
  • But the clinical use of propofol has significantly increased that incidence of dependence several fold. (healthworldnet.com)
  • Results: TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 4 h) significantly decreased the expression of occludin, which was attenuated by propofol (25 μM). (researchsquare.com)
  • Propofol is also referred to as "milk of amnesia" which is a play on the words "milk of magnesia" because it has a milky white consistency when it is prepared for intravenous use. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • propofol will increase the level or effect of mavacamten by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach was used to assess the prediction accuracy of propofol hepatic and extrahepatic metabolic clearance and to address previously reported underprediction of in vivo clearance based on static in vitro-in vivo extrapolation methods. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This study was performed to evaluate anaesthetic effects of variable infusion rates of propofol in beagle puppies premedicated with medetomidine. (vin.com)
  • Propofol has gradually become the most common sedative-hypnotic drug used in painless gastroscopy due to its rapid effect, short half-life, and good sedative effect, but it has disadvantages such as a weak analgesic effect and suppression of respiratory and circulatory systems. (dovepress.com)
  • Propofol is a short-acting sedative-hypnotic agent. (healthworldnet.com)
  • Several guidelines recommend the use of propofol for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The predictive capacity of propofol intrinsic clearance data (CL int ) obtained in human hepatocytes and liver and kidney microsomes was assessed using the PBPK model developed in MATLAB software. (aspetjournals.org)
  • With execution dates set for 2 men on death row in Missouri, the state is on track to be the first to use the drug Propofol for administering the death penalty. (mjworld.net)
  • Doing some Googling on propofol before writing this post, I learned this sort of reaction is why the drug is illicitly used non-medically. (blogs.com)
  • Propofol is a prescription drug and is not available over-the-counter. (healthworldnet.com)
  • Propofol is not a controlled or 'schedule' drug, unlike many sedatives. (healthworldnet.com)
  • Propofol has become a popular recreational drug among medical professionals. (healthworldnet.com)
  • Given the restrictions on propofol use, many endoscopists have resorted to calling in anesthesiologists or anesthetists to administer the drug in routine cases. (jwatch.org)
  • There is a wide range of different reactions to the drug propofol so the potential misuse of it can be common and at least three deaths from self-administration have been recorded from propofol use. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Comprehensive documentation for drug registration of Propofol can be provided by Biesterfeld as referred. (biesterfeld.com)
  • Propofol is a safe drug. (medscape.com)
  • The defense theory is that Jackson self-administered extra drugs and propofol on the last night of his life without Murray's knowledge and caused his own death. (thedailybeast.com)
  • Propofol can be self-administered for short-term effects such as mild euphoria, hallucinations, and lack of inhibition. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Recreational propofol use is most commonly found among medical staff such as anesthesiologists who have access to it. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • The subjects were 83 premedicated children aged 1 to 6 years who underwent surgical procedures with propofol (group P, n=41) or with halothane (group H, n=42) anesthesia. (medscimonit.com)
  • In the adult dog, the combination medetomidine 30 ug/kg and propofol 0.2 mg/kg/min was known to provide a sufficient surgical anesthesia. (vin.com)
  • We are aware of the controversy that Dr. Gold's report of trace levels of fentanyl and propofol in the air of surgical rooms has evoked. (cdc.gov)
  • Propofol is frequently paired with fentanyl (for pain relief) in intubated and sedated people. (wikipedia.org)
  • Propofol abuse is on the rise but pales in comparison to other medications such as opioids and fentanyl. (healthworldnet.com)
  • It is of great significance to better understand the potential mechanism of propofol-induced neurotoxicity to eliminate the side effects of propofol. (degruyter.com)
  • The effects caused by propofol were attenuated by esketamine. (degruyter.com)
  • Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism underlying propofol-induced neurotoxicity is favorable for eliminating the side effects of propofol. (degruyter.com)
  • Sleep expert Doctor Czeisler of Harvard was called to testify for a second day and spoke of the effects of Propofol on Michael's brain, nervous system and body. (mjworld.net)
  • These previous studies have mostly been limited to the pharmacodynamic effects of propofol on phenotypes, and the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effects still need to be explored. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Herein, we tried to address the potential anti-cancer effects of propofol in cervical carcinoma. (aging-us.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of TNF-α and propofol on occludin expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, D3 clone (hCMEC/D3 cells), and explored the underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
  • Not only that but propofol use has strong adverse side effects when mixed with benzodiazepines which is the concoction the coroner said killed Michael Jackson. (drug-alcohol.com)
  • Propofol exerted the most pronounced depressant effects on both the maximal systolic contraction and the minimal diastolic relaxation, and cardiac work. (resus.me)
  • Effects of prenatal propofol exposure on postnatal development in rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1) One retrospective analysis of propofol being used in 76 procedures in 55 patients with egg, soy or nut allergy revealed 13 adverse events, but none due to propofol. (sinaiem.org)
  • 2) In another study of propofol being used for 28 children with egg allergy, only one child had an [non-anaphylactic] allergic reaction. (sinaiem.org)
  • The University of Colorado survey revealed that "there was no established system to control or monitor propofol as is done with opioids at 71% of programs. (healthworldnet.com)
  • The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. (degruyter.com)
  • Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. (degruyter.com)
  • Furthermore, reintroduction of MIR155HG into cervical cancer cells counteracted the inhibitory potency of propofol on the growth and aggressive phenotypes in cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
  • has been issued for registration holders of propofol products to update the local package inserts to reflect this safety information. (npra.gov.my)
  • Concomitantly, continuous infusion of propofol (0.4mg/kg/min) was initiated using an infusion pump. (vin.com)
  • To date, the NPRA has received a total of 77 reports with 128 adverse events suspected to be related to propofol containing products. (npra.gov.my)
  • Report all suspected adverse events associated with the use of propofol products to the NPRA. (npra.gov.my)
  • In vitro , propofol inhibited the growth and colony-formation of cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
  • In the present study, GC cell lines (HGC‑27 and AGS) were treated with various concentrations of propofol, and an MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability. (spandidos-publications.com)