Cultures biofilm bacteria biofilms. Medical search. Frequent questions

10 6 CFU/ml) and S. aureus to (10 7 CFU/ml) were concurrently added to 96-well tissue culture-treated chamber slides and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Biofilm formation was monitored by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. (asmblog.org)

In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of previously fabricated polyamino-phenolic ligands and polyamidoamine dendrimers was investigated against legionella mono-species and multi-species biofilms formed by L. pneumophila in association with other bacteria that can be found in tap water ( Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae ). (frontiersin.org)
Nutmeg contains a compound with potent anti-biofilm activity against oral bacteria . (pakalertpress.com)

In this study, we investigated long-distance effects of 14 previously described Escherichia coli volatile compounds upon the bacteria E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. (pasteur.fr)
Six diatom species displayed specific anti-inflammatory, anticancer (blocking human melanoma cell proliferation), and anti-biofilm (against the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis ) activities whereas, none of the other microalgae were bioactive against the conditions tested for. (frontiersin.org)
This in vitro multispecies biofilm model resembles the natural conditions present in wounds and allows us to study a Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus co-culture, which are the predominant bacteria found in wounds. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Although the role of volatile compounds in bacterial biology is not well understood, recent reports indicated that they could play a role in airborne interactions between bacteria and influence antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence. (pasteur.fr)
Moreover, we show that aerial exposure to trimethylamine (TMA), a volatile compound produced in animal intestines and tissues upon biogenic reduction of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), modifies the antibiotic resistance profiles of all tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (pasteur.fr)
In addition to antibiotic resistance acquired by genetic mutations, bacteria have developed multiple ways of thwarting the killing effects of antibiotics. (databasefootball.com)

Bacterial cultures obtained using bronchoscopy did not yield any new strains of bacteria that were not also found in sputum. (ersjournals.com)
Thus, an ideal new antibacterial agent, in addition to its activity on drug-resistant strains of bacteria, should also be capable of killing bacteria in biofilms. (databasefootball.com)
A number of plant oil extracts inhibit multi-resistant strains of bacteria and yeast . (pakalertpress.com)

A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
The formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
Phototrophic biofilms are microbial communities generally comprising both phototrophic microorganisms, which use light as their energy source, and chemoheterotrophs. (wikipedia.org)
The formation of biofilms is a complex process and is dependent upon the availability of light as well as the relationships between the microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
Biofilm development is dependent on the generation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
Communication between the microorganisms is facilitated by quorum sensing or signal transduction pathways, which are accomplished through the secretion of molecules which diffuse through the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
Though pure culture methods cannot be used to identify unculturable microorganisms and do not support the study of the complex interactions between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, the use of metagenomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics has helped characterize these unculturable organisms and has provided some insight into molecular mechanisms, microbial organization, and interactions in biofilms. (wikipedia.org)
Disinfection methods currently used in water systems have been shown to be ineffective against legionella over the long-term, allowing recolonization by the biofilm-protected microorganisms. (frontiersin.org)

The way that bacteria grow-either floating in liquid or attached to a surface-affects their ability to evolve antimicrobial resistance and our ability to treat infections. (elifesciences.org)
To understand how bacterial lifestyle influences the evolution antimicrobial resistance, strains of the bacterium A.baumannii were experimentally evolved either in liquid culture ( A ) or as biolfims on plastic beads ( B ). Santos-Lopez et al. (elifesciences.org)
Biofilms may also enhance the development of antimicrobial resistance - a gradual decrease in antimicrobial concentration means that some bacteria could be exposed to a mutant selection window. (vin.com)

The facts about burdock root activity against Candida yeasts and bad bacteria, its possible side effects, mentioned in the article below are medically correct. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
The three species of Candida build biofilms as well. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
For example, S. aureus , which is a poor former of monoculture biofilms, and Candida albicans together form unusual, but effective, mixed biofilms , where the yeast creates a scaffold for the bacterium. (asmblog.org)
Water extract of garlic has antimicrobical activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species, and many other microbials . (pakalertpress.com)

Recent evidence suggests that P. aeruginosa may actually grow as dense communities of exopolysaccharide-encapsulated biofilms adherent to CF patients' airways 2 - 4 . (ersjournals.com)
One problem with relying on sputum samples to guide therapy is that biofilm bacteria may not be adequately sampled via sputum, since sputum expectoration only samples P. aeruginosa that have detached and dispersed from the airway biofilm 5 , 6 . (ersjournals.com)
Thus, it is possible that PSB may directly recover P. aeruginosa bacteria that have aggregated as biofilms and adhered to the surface of the airway. (ersjournals.com)
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the PSB can sample directly from the airway biofilm and, thus, more accurately represent the state of P. aeruginosa in CF patients' lungs. (ersjournals.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. (ukessays.com)
The functioning of the EPS matrix in holding cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa together and forming the mature biofilms. (ukessays.com)
The microcarriers made up of dextrons in the range of 60-90µm in size are used as a surface for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilms. (ukessays.com)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of gamma proteobacteria class of bacteria. (ukessays.com)
As replication is a crucial step to initiate an infection, we have first focused on the study of the differential role of the different P. aeruginosa Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) enzymes in bacterial growth within the wound biofilm model, as RNR are essential enzymes in DNA replication. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
We found that subpopulations of biofilm bacteria undergo cell death and lysis as a feature of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm life cycle. (southampton.ac.uk)
Role of a new filamentous prophage Pf4 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. (southampton.ac.uk)
Further work has shown the importance of this phage in the P. aeruginosa biofilm lifecycle and virulence. (southampton.ac.uk)
We showed that strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with increased mutation rates (caused by deletion of genes involved in DNA mismatch repair) produced more biofilm biomass in laboratory experiments. (southampton.ac.uk)
This project will exploit novel nitric oxide based therapies to improve the effectiveness of antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)

The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
Gram-negative bacteria are harder to differentiate on cytology, although Pseudomonas are most common. (vin.com)

1 These public goods can take many forms in a bacterial community: exopolysaccharides to build biofilms, enzymes that degrade antibiotics, or scavenging molecules to cope with nutrient scarcity in the environment. (the-scientist.com)
All of these pathogenic bacteria are planktonic or free floating, when single, and upon aggregation , they build biofilms. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)

It occurs either by bacteria exchanging with one another the genes that confer resistance, or by an individual bacterium becoming resistant through mutations in its own genes. (elifesciences.org)
But being part of a cooperative group does not necessarily mean that every individual bacterium plays by the rules. (the-scientist.com)

The study was performed against three biofilm building pathogens, mainly Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis , and Serratia marcescens . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)

In this study, we established RAINBOW-seq and profiled the transcriptome of Escherichia coli biofilm communities with high spatial resolution and high gene coverage. (nature.com)

The aim of this project is to study of species composition of biofilm communities by cultivation and molecular methods and assessment of the differences in poly-microbial communities in relation to therapy failure, length of insertion of catheter, its type and other factors including predominating microbial species. (muni.cz)
While Macrophen and Double Macrophen were the most active substances among polyamino-phenolic ligands, dendrimers were overall twofold more effective than all other compounds with a reduction up to 85 and 73% of legionella and multi-species biofilms, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, 21 diatoms, 7 dinoflagellates, and 4 flagellate species were grown in three different culturing conditions and the corresponding extracts were tested for possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetes, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm activities. (frontiersin.org)
Culturing conditions (i.e., nutrient starvation conditions) greatly influenced bioactivity of the majority of the clones/species tested. (frontiersin.org)
About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)
However, classic culture methods do not allow the simultaneous co-culture of different bacterial species, or the study in a more-realistic infection site environment, where several host factors are presented. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

These organisms, which can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and microalgae, make up diverse microbial communities that are affixed in a mucous matrix, or film. (wikipedia.org)
Phototrophs such as cyanobacteria and green algae occupy the exposed layer of the biofilm while lower layers consist of anaerobic phototrophs and heterotrophs like bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
In this work we (1) determine the shelf-life of ready-to-use microfluidics, (2) demonstrate biofilm-like colonization on fungi, (3) describe bacterial motility on fungal hyphae (fungal highway), (4) report material-dependent bacterial-fungal colonization, (5) demonstrate germination of vacuum-sealed Arabidopsis seeds in microfluidics stored for up to 2 weeks, and (6) observe bidirectional cytoplasmic streaming in fungi. (springer.com)
Critically ill patients in the intensive-care unit are good examples of the diversity of sites at which bacteria and fungi can interact and cause disease. (asmblog.org)

We use a novel in vitro culture approach, optimizing a method to assess bacterial viability in a wound biofilm model. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The present study aimed to evaluate both the inhibitory effect of plant extracts on Streptococcus mutans in vitro as well as the inhibitory potential of toothpastes containing an extract with a high level impact on both mutans streptococci and biofilm indexes in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to the pure science implications of these studies, a potential application of this would be to integrate such chips into medical devices that are common sites of biofilm formation, such as catheters, and then use the chips to limit bacterial colonization. (sciencedaily.com)
V. cholerae also forms biofilms upon colonization on their copepod symbionts. (kenyon.edu)

[10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
We isolated and named this phage, showed that it becomes superinfective to its host during biofilm development, and found that it plays a role in phenotypic diversification of biofilm bacteria. (southampton.ac.uk)
These physiological states represent phenotypic changes in bacteria in response to stress and, hence, are reversible. (databasefootball.com)
The resistance of biofilm-growing bacteria to antibiotics does not involve any genetic changes but is only a phenotypic adaptation. (databasefootball.com)

The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. (wikipedia.org)
Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
The planktonic cells grow very rapidly whereas the bacterial adhering takes some time to form biofilm in other case. (ukessays.com)

[8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
The bacterium develops colonies known as microcolonies and adhere to the surface strongly which are known as pili structures (Baron S et al. (ukessays.com)

The presence of these pathogenic bacteria in drinking-water renders the water unfit for human consumption. (who.int)

Brackets and orthodontic appliances enhance plaque accumulation and increase the count of oral bacteria during the course of orthodontic treatment. (thejcdp.com)

The EPS, which is akin to a gel, is a matrix which provides structure for the biofilm and is essential for growth and functionality. (wikipedia.org)
In general, phototrophic organisms in the biofilm provide a foundation for the growth of the community as a whole by mediating biofilm processes and conversions. (wikipedia.org)
Particles in water can gather pollutants as well as providing favorable growth conditions for bacteria. (mdpi.com)
We show that several of these molecules constitute chemical cues influencing growth, adhesion, and motility in exposed bacteria. (pasteur.fr)
Experiments demonstrated that protozoa from healthy activated sludge initially disturbed the biofilm development but later they could stimulate its growth. (ufz.de)
The bacteria growing in liquid culture were experimentally evolved by transferring small amounts of culture to a new container with fresh growth medium every day ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
Then they can culture these nonproducers along with producers and measure their relative fitness, that is, the ratio of the growth rates of the two strains. (the-scientist.com)
Biofilms are increasingly recognised as the predominant mode of bacterial growth including within medical, engineered, and environmental contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
20 generations, a few days of biofilm growth) within biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
Normally, bacteria cultured in liquid growth media grow as free-floating cells (planktonic state). (databasefootball.com)

They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
Our work provides an extended understanding of the metabolic interplay in biofilms and presents a new approach of investigating complex interactions in bacterial communities on the systems level. (nature.com)
T. Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation and social interactions. (nature.com)
This pre-packaging approach provides a simple, one step process to initiate microfluidics in any setting for fungal studies, bacteria-fungal interactions, and other biological inquiries. (springer.com)

Biofilm formation is a complicated process which occurs in four general steps: attachment of cells, formation of the colony, maturation, and cell dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
While some of the organisms contributing to the formation of the biofilms can be identified, exact composition of the biofilms is difficult to determine because many of the organisms cannot be grown using pure culture methods. (wikipedia.org)
To date, there are a few studies which focus on the relationship between particles and biofilm formation. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, the microbial diversity of biofilms in the different pipe materials and the effect on particle concentration on biofilm formation were investigated in this study. (mdpi.com)
The biofilm formation takes place in stages and many changes are observed in its size and shape during the development. (ukessays.com)
The genes responsible for the biofilm formation are quantified by comparing the planktonic and biofilm samples. (ukessays.com)
Disrupting biofilm formation has important implications in public health in reducing infection rates. (sciencedaily.com)
An increase in bacterial mutation rate can promote biofilm formation. (southampton.ac.uk)

The microbial diversity of biofilm communities of central venous catheters was not satisfactory examined. (muni.cz)
In clinical settings, biofilms are often found growing on various medical devices such as catheters implanted in patients. (databasefootball.com)

Subpopulations of cells within the biofilm differentiate to perform various activities for motility, matrix production, and sporulation, supporting the overall success of the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)

However, some patients may have bacterial infection despite negative urine cultures. (medscape.com)
Meanwhile, several surfaces, including cribs that had been cleaned, were contaminated with S. pyogenes , a bacteria that commonly causes strep throat and skin infections in schoolchildren and can cause serious infection in adults. (newsday.com)
Resistant bacteria are more likely to survive antimicrobial treatments and go on to spread the infection to other people. (elifesciences.org)
Also, we use a set of biofilm-degrading enzymes targeting the wound biofilm so as to improve the antibiotic delivery in the local area of the infection site. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This tolerance often links biofilms with persistent and chronic infection, and provides ideal conditions for the acquisition or evolution of AMR. (southampton.ac.uk)
In fact, in recent years there have been instances where patients had recovered from cancers but subsequently succumbed to infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria. (databasefootball.com)
However, bacteria present in biofilms can evade the antibacterial effect, forming a reservoir of infection. (databasefootball.com)

Retrieved bacteria were genotyped, and grown in planktonic cultures and as biofilms, and susceptibilities to individual antibiotics and to antibiotic combinations were determined. (ersjournals.com)
Susceptibility to single antibiotics and to antibiotic combinations were not different between planktonically or biofilm-grown bacteria derived from sputum, as compared to those obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and protected brush. (ersjournals.com)
Although previous studies have shown that bacteria on surfaces and objects die quickly, the investigators pointed out that those findings were based on cultures grown in labs. (newsday.com)
Experimental evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in liquid-grown and biofilm-grown bacteria. (elifesciences.org)
found that liquid-grown and biofilm-grown strains of A.baumannii evolved resistance to the antimicrobial CIP in different ways: liquid-grown bacteria evolved a single resistant lineage that dominated the population ( C ), whereas biofilm-grown bacteria evolved multiple resistant lineages that co-exist within the population ( D ). Other important characteristics of the two evolved strains (such as resistance to CIP) are discussed in the main text. (elifesciences.org)
Whole genome sequencing of these samples revealed that liquid-grown and biofilm-grown A. baumannii take different, but repeatable, paths during experimental evolution. (elifesciences.org)
For the bacteria grown in liquid culture, Santos-Lopez et al. (elifesciences.org)
However, for the bacteria grown in biofilms, the researchers found that there was less competition between lineages - presumably because they are not as free to move as the liquid-grown bacteria - and that multiple co-existing lineages were able to emerge ( Figure 1D ). (elifesciences.org)
Further experiments showed that liquid-grown and biofilm-grown bacteria had evolved unique strategies to resist CIP, resulting in different degrees of CIP resistance. (elifesciences.org)
Liquid-grown bacteria evolved low-level CIP resistance via mutations that increased the number of pump proteins that transport CIP out of cells. (elifesciences.org)

In addition, because the site of action of lysins is on the external surface of the bacteria, these antibacterial agents do not encounter permeability or efflux issues which are known to affect the potency of conventional antibiotics. (databasefootball.com)
The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the biofilm index and by quantifying the mutans streptococci colonies (UFC/ml). (bvsalud.org)

Bacteria infecting wounds arrange themselves in polymicrobial communities known as biofilms. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In the latest study, month-old biofilms of S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes from contaminated surfaces were quick to infect mice. (newsday.com)
Another study that was published by scientists Rajasekharan et al in the Journal Microbiol Biotechnology , was performed on the biofilm building K. pneumoniae . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)

In man-made water systems microbial biofilms increase the resistance of legionella to disinfection, posing a significant threat to public health. (frontiersin.org)
The features displayed by the biofilm hinder and delay the healing processes, as such bacterial communities exhibit higher resistance to antibiotics and higher ability to evade the immune response. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Biofilms are notorious for their resistance to environmental stresses, including antimicrobial compounds. (southampton.ac.uk)
Treatment of biofilms with nitric oxide also reduced their resistance to antimicrobial compounds. (southampton.ac.uk)

The concentration of the chemicals tested as anti-biofilm agents was chosen based on cytotoxicity assays: the highest non-cytotoxic chemical concentration was used for biofilm inhibition assays, with dendrimer concentration 10-fold higher than polyamino-phenolic ligands. (frontiersin.org)
A total of 180 composite disks were fabricated for eluted component, disk agar diffusion (DAD), and biofilm inhibition tests. (thejcdp.com)

Fig. 2: Spatial transcriptome of E. coli biofilm. (nature.com)
E. coli is the most common bacteria that causes these infections. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
Burdock was found to reduce the biofilms by 50.79% for E. coli , 69.49% for P. mirabilis , and 75.84% for S. marcescens . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing can help identify organisms that are hard to differentiate on cytology (e.g., streptococci, enterococci, E. coli , Klebsiella , Proteus and coryneforms). (vin.com)

[13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
The concentration levels of the nutrients are also compared for both biofilm and planktonic fermentation. (ukessays.com)
Researchers have known for more than 20 years that bacteria participate in collective behaviors such as forming biofilms and acquiring nutrients from the environment. (the-scientist.com)

Legionella genus includes aerobic, motile, gram-negative bacteria that are the etiological agents of legionellosis. (frontiersin.org)
Oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria on the crevices of the tongue dorsum can be successfully diagnosed and treated. (medscape.com)

Bacterial biofilms were developed from activated sludge in microscope flow cells and were exposed to the grazing pressure of protozoa. (ufz.de)
Experiments comprised 48-h incubations in 3 treatment variants: bacteria with protozoa, bacteria with protozoa added after some time and bacteria without protozoa. (ufz.de)
The finding that protozoa support biofilm development during specific stages may be relevant for biofilm studies with mixed environmental biofilm communities. (ufz.de)

[2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
This can contribute to biofilm dispersal, and provides a mechanism for the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) within biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)

Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. (wikipedia.org)
These biofilms occur on contact surfaces in a range of terrestrial and aquatic environments. (wikipedia.org)
Phototrophic biofilms can be found on terrestrial and aquatic surfaces and can withstand environmental fluctuations and extreme environments. (wikipedia.org)
In aquatic systems, biofilms are prevalent on surfaces of rocks and plants, and in terrestrial environments they can be located in the soil, on rocks, and on buildings. (wikipedia.org)
This is the first paper to directly investigate that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces, including hands, and potentially spread between individuals,' said Hakansson, an assistant professor of microbiology and immunology in UB's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. (newsday.com)
Last year, University at Buffalo researchers found that some bacteria may remain on surfaces for extended periods of time because they form 'biofilms' when infecting human tissues. (newsday.com)
The researchers also found that biofilms survived for hours on people's hands and lingered for hours on books and soft and hard toys and surfaces. (newsday.com)
Although the study found two types of bacteria lingered on surfaces in a daycare center, it did not show that any infections resulted among humans. (newsday.com)

The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)

My research group aims to understand how biofilms develop and disperse and how they respond to environmental stresses including therapeutic compounds. (southampton.ac.uk)
The biofilm can then disperse, leading to a burst of infectivity. (kenyon.edu)

Flemming, H.-C. & Wuertz, S. Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms. (nature.com)

Legionnaires' disease is a potentially fatal pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila , an aquatic bacterium often found within the biofilm niche. (frontiersin.org)
However, excess white blood cells (WBCs) or bacteria seen on Gram stain and culture of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) may be found. (medscape.com)
Category IV comprises case in which the patient has no symptoms, but leukocytosis or bacteria is found in prostate specimens. (medscape.com)
In the environment, the bacterium is found in marine ecosystems and estuaries. (kenyon.edu)

Bacteria release a wide diversity of small bioactive molecules that often correspond to secondary metabolites. (pasteur.fr)

The bacteria that cause bad breath can flourish in this type of "anaerobic" environment. (medscape.com)
Research has shown a direct correlation between the amount of coating on a person's tongue and the total number of anaerobic bacteria present in the coating. (medscape.com)

The pathogenic agent of cholera is Vibrio cholerae , a Gram-negative, curved-rod shaped bacterium (Figure 1). (kenyon.edu)

Biofilms promote communication and cooperation, and physically shield bacteria from antimicrobials and the host immune system. (elifesciences.org)
Biofilms inhibit cleaning, prevent penetration of antimicrobials and provide a protected reservoir of bacteria. (vin.com)

Stewart, P. S. & Franklin, M. J. Physiological heterogeneity in biofilms. (nature.com)
These structures are called biofilms and are thought to resemble the physiological state in which bacteria grow in many natural environments. (databasefootball.com)

Chemical interaction with matrix molecules is hypothesized, based on SEM images and considering the low or absent anti-microbial activity on planktonic bacteria showed by flow cytometry. (frontiersin.org)
These data suggest that the studied compounds, especially dendrimers, could be considered as novel molecules in the design of research projects aimed at the development of efficacious anti-biofilm disinfection treatments of water systems in order to minimize legionellosis outbreaks. (frontiersin.org)
That is why they stop making a social trait and become cheaters," said Rolf Kümmerli , an evolutionary biologist at the University of Zurich who studies how bacteria share metabolites such as enzymes and iron-scavenging molecules. (the-scientist.com)
They have developed a chip based on CMOS technology that enables them to electrochemically image the signaling molecules from these colonies spatially and temporally -- they've developed chips that "listen" to bacteria. (sciencedaily.com)

Mutants that do not produce those enzymes tolerate higher doses of ampicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, for a longer time when sharing a biofilm with enzyme producers. (the-scientist.com)
Lysins are enzymes derived from bacteriophages (viruses which can kill bacteria) which can cleave bacterial peptidoglycan, a unique covering present in the cell wall of bacteria. (databasefootball.com)

[8] Biofilms can form on the teeth of most animals as dental plaque , where they may cause tooth decay and gum disease . (wikipedia.org)
A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial ability to form biofilms was verified using a crystal violet colorimetric assay and testing cell viability by real-time quantitative PCR and Plate Count assay. (frontiersin.org)
This is an exciting new application for CMOS technology that will provide new insights into how biofilms form," says Shepard. (sciencedaily.com)

EPS join cells together in the biofilm and transmits light to organisms in the lower zone. (wikipedia.org)
This pain is associated with irritative voiding symptoms and/or pain in the groin, genitalia, or perineum in the absence of pyuria and bacteriuria (no pus cells or bacteria seen on microscopic analysis of the urine). (medscape.com)
Biofilms were stained with SYTO 9 ( green , live bacteria), FUN-1 (intracellular red , live fungal cells), calcofluor white ( blue , fungal cell wall). (asmblog.org)

They also concluded that by removing these biofilms burdock would help the host immune system fight these infections . (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)

But Megan Frederickson , an ecologist and evolutionary biologist at the University of Toronto, is interested in a different, microscopic social community: bacteria. (the-scientist.com)

We see lots of examples of cooperation in bacteria and, by and large, they are not undermined all that often by the evolution of [cheaters]," said Frederickson. (the-scientist.com)

While the study admits that the building of these biofilms in the urinary tract complicates treatment plans. (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)
Cranberry may reduce the risk of urinary tract infections by inhibiting biofilms in the bladder. (pakalertpress.com)

The biofilm-associated infections caused by even drug-sensitive bacteria are very difficult to treat, and patients tend to have recurrent infections [2]. (databasefootball.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms27

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care9

Scanning electron m1

Anti-biofilm activity2

Staphylococcus3

Antibiotic resistance3

Strains of bacteria3

Microorganisms9

Antimicrobial resistance3

Candida4

Aeruginosa14

Pseudomonas2

Build biofilms2

Individual bacterium2

Pathogens1

Escherichia1

Species6

Fungi4

Vitro2

Colonization2

Phenotypic4

Planktonic cells3

Adhere to the surface2

Pathogenic bacteria1

Oral bacteria1

Growth10

Interactions4

Formation8

Catheters2

Subpopulations1

Infection7

Grown10

Antibacterial2

Polymicrobial1

Pneumoniae2

Resistance4

Inhibition2

Coli4

Nutrients3

Gram-negative2

Protozoa3

Extracellular2

Surfaces8

Genes1

Disperse2

Archaea1

Found4

Diversity1

Anaerobic2

Vibrio1

Antimicrobials2

Physiological2

Molecules4

Enzymes2

Form4

Cells3

Host immune system1

Microscopic1

Cooperation1

Urinary2

Infections caused1