• Cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a segmental amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 20) with a basic Chromosome number (x) of 10. (icrisat.org)
  • Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food security crop cultivated throughout Ghana, with the Guinea savanna accounting for over 70% of total production ( MoFA-SRID, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Participatory analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping system and production constraints in Burkina Faso. (edu.gh)
  • Abstract,International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 2018 The most appropriate planting method to use for optimum growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) in Africa South of the Sahara (ASS) among those currently used is not known, as the methods are highly influenced by. (echocommunity.org)
  • Arachis chacoense (wild groundnut), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Lupinus angustifolius (lupins), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Glycine max (soybean) and forage legumes. (croptrust.org)
  • is a major cause of yield and quality losses in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the warm-humid tropics including Tanzania. (bvsalud.org)
  • Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume serving millions of farmers and their value chain actors globally. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we identified groundnut genotypes with superior symbiotic efficiency, greater pod yield, and plant water-use efficiency from 21 advanced groundnut breeding lines from ICRISAT after testing them at three locations in the Guinea savanna of Ghana over two consecutive years. (frontiersin.org)
  • Average N contribution by the groundnut genotypes ranged from 48 to 108 kg N ha −1 , and mean pod yield from 580 to 2,100 kg ha −1 . (frontiersin.org)
  • 1.3), while P i estimates ranked genotypes 3, 10, and 17 as the best groundnut cultivars in terms of symbiotic N contribution. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability effects and gene action controlling rust resistance in groundnut genotypes for breeding. (bvsalud.org)
  • The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of genetic variation among diverse groundnut collections using phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select distinct and complementary genotypes for breeding. (bvsalud.org)
  • that the 13 bambara groundnut genotypes were grouped into three and two clusters during the early and late plantings, respectively. (modishproject.com)
  • He focused on developing drought-tolerant, dual-purpose, high yielding groundnut genotypes that farmers would readily adopt. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • He phenotyped 100 groundnut genotypes to select drought-tolerant and genetically superior parents for breeding, developing 28 groundnut families for drought tolerance with several recommended for further genetic advancement. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • She now plants seven maize varieties, seven bean varieties, seven Bambara groundnut varieties, nine cowpea varieties and eight groundnut varieties. (ifad.org)
  • We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet, sorghum, maize, groundnut, cowpea, and common bean varieties, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cropping system using sole crop of groundnut or maize, later was found to be more profitable (3 times) with 50 mm SI in 2 critical growth stages having annualized net benefit (ANB) of $ 971 - 998 / ha and economic productivity (EP) of 31 Cents / m3 under different capacities of OFR (500-1500m3). (icar-crida.res.in)
  • The peanut (groundnut) was introduced to China by Portuguese traders in the 17th century and another variety was provided by American missionaries in the 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spanish groundnuts are smaller and oilier than the other common groups, and are mostly used shelled, in confectionery, salted as snacks, or in peanut butter. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1996. Interception of peanut stripe virus in groundnut germplasm imported from China. (croptrust.org)
  • This article covers several diseases that can affect peanut (groundnut) crops, including early and late leaf spots, groundnut rosette disease, peanut smut, peanut mottle virus, and stem rot disease. (co.ke)
  • Groundnut rosette is a viral disease that affects peanut (groundnut) plants, and aphids transmit it. (co.ke)
  • There is currently no cure for groundnut rosette disease, and the best method of control is to prevent the spread of the disease through the use of disease-resistant peanut varieties, the application of insecticides to control aphids, and the removal and destruction of infected plants to prevent the disease from spreading to healthy plants. (co.ke)
  • Peanut smut is a fungal disease that affects groundnuts, also known as peanuts. (co.ke)
  • The development of peanut cultivars with resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) would reduce these costs. (peanutscience.com)
  • Tifguard, the first cultivar with high levels of resistance to both TSWV and the peanut root-knot nematode [ Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] was released from this program. (peanutscience.com)
  • Progress in developing resistant cultivars would represent a major advance for the U.S. peanut industry. (peanutscience.com)
  • Cao T, Isoda A (2008) Dry matter production of Japanese and Chinese high-yielding peanut cultivars under dense planting in terms of intercepted radiation and its use efficiency. (vegetosindia.org)
  • Adeleke O, Adiamo OQ, Fawale OS, Olamiti G. Effect of Soaking and Boiling on Anti-nutritional Factors, Oligosaccharide Contents and Protein Digestibility of Newly Developed Bambara Groundnut Cultivars. (agrifoodscience.com)
  • Two field experiments were conducted in April and August, 2007 cropping season at the Department of Crop Science research farm, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, to evaluate the pollen germination potentials, rate of pollen tube growth, floral, agronomic and yield attributes of thirteen bambara groundnut cultivars. (modishproject.com)
  • Moreover, water stress towards the end of the cycle disrupts the lipid metabolism of the susceptible cultivar more than that of the resistant cultivar. (hyfoma.com)
  • Fatty acid composition differs depending on whether or not the variety is aflatoxin-resistant, and the fatty acid metabolism can thus be assumed to be another parameter linked to groundnut resistance mechanisms prior to harvest. (hyfoma.com)
  • Breeding and deployment of rust resistant cultivars with farmer-preferred attributes will bolster groundnut production and productivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The level of field resistance measured for these three diseases was comparable to that of a resistant runner-type cultivar, Georgia-03L. (peanutscience.com)
  • Yield was highly correlated with multiple disease resistance, and yield performance of some resistant lines exceeded the best commercial standard cultivars under reduced fungicide programs. (peanutscience.com)
  • Cultural methods include crop rotation, planting resistant cultivars, and practicing good sanitation to minimize the spread of fungal spores. (co.ke)
  • Use of resistant cultivars may provide cost-effective and envi-ronmentally friendly control of the pest for the resource-poor soybean farmers. (mak.ac.ug)
  • From 2006 to August 2010 CCRP funded a Groundnut Breeding project for southern Africa led by ICRISAT to strengthen existing work on foliar disease resistance breeding in Malawi, build capacity in the Tanzania NARS to select resistant lines, engage farming communities in the breeding and selection process and pilot local groundnut seed initiatives through the NASFAM farmers association in Malawi and by working with NGOs in Tanzania. (ccrp.org)
  • A second four years period of funding for this research partnership takes forward breeding and selection work to release and promote GRD resistant cultivars in Tanzania and by the end of the project provide cultivars that combine resistance to all three major foliar diseases that constrain groundnut productivity in region. (ccrp.org)
  • Cultivars by the Cowpea Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F. (scirp.org)
  • We also measured the effects of G × E on pod yield, N 2 fixation, shoot δ 13 C, and mega-environments for testing groundnut in the Guinea savanna, and these were all significant, although the effect was minimal on shoot δ 13 C values. (frontiersin.org)
  • PStV infection has a highly variable effect on groundnut yield, depending on the test conditions, cultivar and the virus isolate. (croptrust.org)
  • Deployment of the multiple disease resistance found in these experimental cultivars offers several potential benefits beyond direct yield improvement: reduction of fungicide input costs for both foliar and soil disease control, prolonging the utility of currently available fungicides, and reduction of weather related harvest risk by allowing earlier initial planting dates. (peanutscience.com)
  • This study was therefore geared towards identifying sources of resistance to the groundnut leaf miner, that will be deployed into the soybean breeding program for incorporation of resistance to the already existing high yielding varieties, and quantifying yield losses caused by this pest on soybeans. (mak.ac.ug)
  • These sources of resistance to PAC have been crossed with cultivars and breeding lines that have high yield, acceptable grade, and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). (peanutscience.com)
  • This technology resulted in maximum gross returns of Rs 22,661/Ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.53 and sustainable yield index of 25.6-30.9% based on cumulative rainfall for attending maximum Groundnut pod yield and 38-44.8% for Straw yield. (icar-crida.res.in)
  • Tesfamariam's study involved the creation of new breeding populations of groundnut with high yield, early maturity and drought tolerance in response to challenges faced by Ethiopian farmers who utilise low yielding, late maturing varieties that are vulnerable to drought stress caused by erratic rainfall. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • Groundnut production constitutes an integral part of the livelihoods of the people in the Guinea savanna of West Africa. (frontiersin.org)
  • This was demonstrated by a European project conducted by CIRAD, centring on protecting groundnut against aflatoxins in Africa. (hyfoma.com)
  • Archaeological finds of purported ancient carbonized remains of peanuts during excavations in China have led to the controversial claim that the groundnut is an indigenous crop, or that explorers from China or elsewhere in the Old World had discovered the Americas and introduced crops from there millennia before Columbus. (wikipedia.org)
  • To date, the schools have introduced and evaluated 483 climate-resilient crop varieties, cultivars and segregating lines. (ifad.org)
  • Algorithms to model crop phenology include cultivar-specific parameters but, more recently, attempts have been made to link parameters with genetics, e.g. (twocentit.com)
  • He thanked Shimelis for his consistent guidance and invaluable suggestions and comments throughout the process of obtaining his PhD, as well as his co-supervisor Dr Janila Pasupuleti, Principal Scientist in groundnut breeding and cluster leader for Crop Breeding, and leader of "Variety and Hybrid Development" in ICRISAT's CRP-GLDC, for her support and for providing the opportunity to conduct his research at their facilities. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • The symptoms of groundnut rosette disease vary depending on the severity of the infection. (co.ke)
  • Groundnut rosette disease can also affect the roots of the plant. (co.ke)
  • Building on phase 1 a number of germplasm lines with good resistance to groundnut rosette disease, rust and aflatoxin have been identified and formed a basis for further hybridization activities in Phase II. (ccrp.org)
  • The study sought to analyze the homology of the stay-green gene fragment in Indonesian sorghum cultivars, comparing it with the SGR gene sequences in the GenBank database. (sabraojournal.org)
  • These results prove that the SGR gene family in Indonesian sorghum cultivars is SGR-like ( SGRL ). (sabraojournal.org)
  • One of the main results of the project concerned seed ripening rate: this is a key criterion in groundnut tolerance of aflatoxin contamination. (hyfoma.com)
  • Testing is ongoing to determine if this cultivar can be used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in nematode infested fields. (peanutscience.com)
  • There are two requirements for developing cultivars with resistance to preharvest aflatoxin contamination. (peanutscience.com)
  • Two reference varieties were chosen for study: a cultivar that gives average yields under drought conditions but has good aflatoxin resistance, and another that is higher-yielding but more susceptible to the fungus. (hyfoma.com)
  • Although resistance to both late leaf spot and stem rot has been identified in the virginia-type cultivar Georgia-05E ( Branch and Culbreath, 2008 ), all of the current commercially acceptable virginia-type cultivars are highly susceptible to both stem rot and late leaf spot. (peanutscience.com)
  • First, there must be genetic variance for resistance in order to incorporate a gene or genes for resistance into cultivars. (peanutscience.com)
  • Breeding and selection work has provided lines with resistance to groundnut rosette virus disease (GRD), early leaf spot and groundnut rust, selected other early maturing and high yielding farmer preferred lines proposed to national authorities for release in Tanzania and has demonstrated workable local seed systems with farming communities and other stakeholders. (ccrp.org)
  • A system for growing groundnuts in fungus contaminated soil in large containers has been established at Chitedze Research Station to allow lines to be screened for aflatoxin resistance under drought stress. (ccrp.org)
  • The Role of Seed Coat and Its Pigmentation on the Acceptance of Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranea L. Verdc. (scirp.org)
  • Nineteen currently used potato cultivars were grown under controlled conditions in greenhouse at 25-18 (±2) °C (day/night), 70% relative humidity under non-saline and 5dS m-1 NaCl conditions for 90 days. (9lib.net)
  • In Malawi and Tanzania groundnut is grown on 316,000 ha by more than 300,000 households providing a highly nutritious (12-36% protein, 36-54% oil) component for otherwise cereal-based diets. (ccrp.org)
  • The aim is to demonstrate the potential of participatory communication methods and processes for increased aflatoxin mitigation and for uptake and use of improved groundnut cultivars. (ccrp.org)
  • Tesfamariam conducted participatory rural appraisal studies in two major groundnut-producing districts in eastern Ethiopia to identify major groundnut production constraints as well as farmers' preferred traits. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • Most importantly, ravages by the groundnut leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella, an increasingly economic threat to soybean production in eastern Uganda. (mak.ac.ug)
  • This poster presents the results of a study that investigated the mechanisms of drought tolerance of selected groundnut cultivars under pre- and post-flowering drought stress. (tropicallegumeshub.com)
  • Earlier varieties with smaller seeds and technical improvements developed with producers are the keys to quality groundnut. (hyfoma.com)
  • Farmers preferred groundnut lines have been identified where in Malawi most farmers preferred ICGV-SMs 99722 and 99551 while in Tanzania the farmer preferred varieties were ICGV-SMs 01731, 02724 and 02715. (ccrp.org)
  • In: Groundnut Research in India. (icrisat.org)
  • Information obtained through described techniques on populations of fungi in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane and soil of the root area of the groundnut in India is summarized. (eurekamag.com)
  • of Georgia) also showed some reduction in stem rot susceptibility relative to the standard (cultivar NC-V 11). (peanutscience.com)
  • The experience of designing new groundnut cultivars for specific traits of interest contributed expertise and skills to Tesfamariam's repertoire that will inform his teaching and mentoring of students at a Higher Education Institution and his contribution to Ethiopia's national groundnut research programme. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • Groundnut viruses and virus diseases: distribution, identification and control. (croptrust.org)
  • Two (2) field days were conducted in Malawi engaging 797 stakeholders in order to increase an understanding on issues of aflatoxin and groundnut. (ccrp.org)
  • One field day was conducted in Tanzania engaging 100 stakeholders in order to increase understanding of aflatoxin and groundnut. (ccrp.org)
  • Use of old poor-performing cultivars contributes to low yields ( (bvsalud.org)
  • A survey of aflatoxin prevalence in groundnuts was also completed in major producing regions of Tanzania. (ccrp.org)
  • Aflatoxin contaminates groundnut as a result of a soil borne fungal infection. (ccrp.org)
  • This region accounts for over 70% of the total groundnut production in Ghana, 90% in Nigeria, and 100% in Mali and Burkina Faso. (frontiersin.org)
  • Approximately 80% of this production is in virginia market-type cultivars, with the remainder in runner types. (peanutscience.com)
  • Research funded by CCRP in Malawi in 2009 has revealed that the proven carcinogen aflatoxin is a widespread contaminant of groundnuts and groundnut based foods consumed in the country. (ccrp.org)
  • Of the locations studied, Nyankpala and Damongo were more discriminating, and each constituted a mega-environment for conducting future groundnut trials in the Guinea savanna. (frontiersin.org)
  • Groundnut rust caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg. (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides, it is concluded that, visual damage scale and SDS-PAGE protein profiles also could be used as biomarkers in salt stress tolerance of potato cultivars. (9lib.net)
  • 2005b) included a heat stress impact routine at flowering into the GLAM-Groundnut model (Challinor et al. (twocentit.com)
  • Symptoms on groundnut plants vary, depending on virus isolate and groundnut cultivar. (croptrust.org)
  • Equally important, many experimental lines were identified with significantly greater disease susceptibility than current commercial cultivars. (peanutscience.com)
  • The lead will also be taken to advocate appropriate policy to national governments establish to agree standards, establish education programs and routine testing of groundnuts in local food chains. (ccrp.org)
  • To explore and develop the use of video and other novel communication media and methods for more effective aflatoxin mitigation, variety uptake and use interventions along the groundnut value chain.To test video and other novel communication media, equipment and procedures for more effective learning and sharing of research among CCRP Groundnut and Post Harvest projects and partner networks. (ccrp.org)