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BirefringenceMicroscopy, PolarizationCrystallography, X-RayCrystallizationLiquid CrystalsCongo RedOptics and PhotonicsGlycolsDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalModels, MolecularScanning Laser PolarimetryRefractometryCrystallographyNerve FibersProtein ConformationOrganoidsLasersDipteraTomography, Optical CoherenceEchinodermataOptical FibersMathematics
Modal birefringenceBirefringentMolecularPhotonic crystCPPDWavelengthNematicPseudogoutQuartz CrystalsPolarizationDepositionPolymersSynthesisOpticallyLinearly polarized lightHighLightCalcite crystalNonlinearBulkInterferenceInflammationTheoreticalLiquid crystal moleculesCharacterizationDiagnosisNegativeLargePDLCSingleGrowthMaterialRefractiveEffect
Modal birefringence3
  • We discuss the phase and group modal birefringence in photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) with an elongated core. (sckcen.be)
  • We demonstrate both numerically and experimentally the strong wavelength dependence of phase and group modal birefringence in triple-defect photonic crystal fibres (PCFs). (sckcen.be)
  • We have investigated the modal birefringence behaviour of a near-elliptic core index-guiding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) intended for realizing high birefringence characteristics. (edu.hk)
Birefringent6
  • Crystals with non-cubic crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. (wikipedia.org)
  • H&E-stained sections showing the respective diagnostic histomorphology failed to demonstrate the birefringent crystals by polarizing microscopy in all the eight sections from gout and in seven of nine sections from pseudogout. (nih.gov)
  • In biology, polarizing microscopes are commonly used for identification or imaging of birefringent structures like crystals, or for imaging of cellulose in cell walls of plants and starch grains. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • Birefringent materials consist of material with a highly ordered molecular structure like crystals of calcite or boron nitride. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • Because the liquid crystal medium is birefringent, it can be characterized by two refractive indexes, depending on the direction of the electric field oscillations. (photonics.com)
Molecular2
  • Molecular crystals and liquid crystals science and technology. (uc3m.es)
  • The researchers introduced optical gain into this system by dispersing a molecular dye in a liquid crystal microcavity and demonstrated an optically persistent spin helix lasing in the Rashba-Dresselhaus regime. (photonics.com)
Photonic cryst2
  • We propose a double cladding photonic crystal fiber based on a dense inner cladding with highly asymmetric core. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Choudhuri, PR & Lu, C 2004, ' Design and realisation of asymmetric core index-guiding photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence characteristics ', Journal of Optics (India) , vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 187-194. (edu.hk)
CPPD2
  • Only two H&E-stained sections showed scant calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in pseudogout. (nih.gov)
  • However, polarizing microscopy of sections stained with NAES method allowed demonstration of CPPD crystals with positive birefringence in pseudogout, MSU crystals with negative birefringence in gout, and calcium hydroxyapatite crystals without birefringence in tumoral calcinosis. (nih.gov)
Wavelength3
  • The proposed PCF shows ultra-high birefringence, large negative dispersion and high nonlinearity over O+E+S+C+L, and U wavelength bands. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NDK's optical components that utilize the optical properties of quartz crystals (birefringence and broadband wavelength characteristics). (ndk.com)
  • The use of liquid crystals enabled smooth tuning of the wavelength over a range up to 40 nm by manipulating the electric field. (photonics.com)
Nematic3
  • Nematic liquids crystal mixtures are sandwiched between two glasses which are homogeneously aligned and assembled untwisted. (uc3m.es)
  • The results of phase shifts are compared to those of conventional nematic liquid crystals. (uc3m.es)
  • It has been shown that high birefringence liquid crystals are potential candidates for generating phase shifts which are higher (∼6pi) than those of conventional nematic liquid crystals (normally about 2pi). (uc3m.es)
Pseudogout2
  • Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-stained sections may not allow proper evaluation of birefringence properties of the crystals in the lesions of pseudogout, gout, and tumoral calcinosis. (nih.gov)
  • All pseudogout (nine sections from seven cases) and gout (eight sections from five cases) lesions demonstrated birefringence in the sections stained with NAES method. (nih.gov)
Quartz Crystals1
  • We realize highly reliable and high quality optical components through "high quality quartz crystal materials" using high purity synthetic quartz crystals grown in-house, "highly reliable optical thin film technology," and "high-precision processing technology. (ndk.com)
Polarization6
  • We also show that PCFs offer the unique poosibility of having a large phase birefringence and a negligible polarization mode dispersion at the same time. (sckcen.be)
  • Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. (wikipedia.org)
  • A crystal with its optic axis in this orientation, parallel to the optical surface, may be used to create a waveplate, in which there is no distortion of the image but an intentional modification of the state of polarization of the incident wave. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Section 2 presents polarization mode dispersion, chromatic dispersion and polarization dependent losses in optical fibers, fiber birefringence effects and spun fibers. (intechopen.com)
  • The refractive index of the liquid crystal in the microlaser depended on the polarization of the electromagnetic wave inside the microcavity. (photonics.com)
Deposition1
Polymers1
  • Soft matter is a convenient term encompassing a wide range of materials, such as polymers, surfactants, colloids, emulsions, liquid crystals and various biological materials. (lu.se)
Synthesis1
  • Gharamaleki, J. , Akbari, F. , Karbalaei, A. , Ghiassi, K. and Olmstead, M. (2016) Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of a New Schiff Base Ligand from a Bis(Thiazoline) Template and Hydrolytic Cleavage of the Imine Bond Induced by a Co(II) Cation. (scirp.org)
Optically3
  • The simplest type of birefringence is described as uniaxial, meaning that there is a single direction governing the optical anisotropy whereas all directions perpendicular to it (or at a given angle to it) are optically equivalent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The unpoled crystal shows almost no birefringence, indicating that the structure averaged over the optically anisotropic ferroelectric domains is optically isotropic. (montana.edu)
  • When the researchers optically stimulated the dye embedded in the liquid crystal molecules, they obtained a lasing effect - a coherent light radiation with a strictly defined energy. (photonics.com)
Linearly polarized light3
  • In combination with linearly polarized light, birefringence can be used in microscopy to achieve interference of the two sister rays, which can result in color effects like rings and lighting up of structures. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • For detection of birefringence it is necessary to use linearly polarized light for illumination. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • The researchers arranged the liquid crystal molecules inside the microcavity to produce two linearly polarized light modes in the cavity - that is, two standing waves of light with opposite linear polarizations. (photonics.com)
High3
  • Phase modulation and optical anisotropy of high birefringence liquid crystal mixtures are studied in this work. (uc3m.es)
  • Using this analysis as a design recipe, we have realized PCF of reasonably high birefringence characteristics. (edu.hk)
  • The researchers filled the integrated photonic microcavity of the laser with a liquid crystal with high birefringence, and embedded a high-efficiency, organic semiconductor dye in the liquid crystal. (photonics.com)
Light8
  • A liquid-crystal display ( LCD ) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers . (wikipedia.org)
  • Liquid crystals do not emit light directly [1] but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome . (wikipedia.org)
  • Without the liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. (wikipedia.org)
  • By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray. (wikipedia.org)
  • macrocrystalline quartz in which individual crystals are distinguishable with the naked eye, and cryptocrystalline quartz in which the individual crystals are too small to be easily distinguishable under the light microscope. (mineralminers.com)
  • The light in the laser microcavity interacted with the liquid crystal molecules differently, based on whether the electric field of the propagating wave oscillated along the molecules or perpendicular to them. (photonics.com)
  • This direction dependent interaction with light is characterized by an optical property called birefringence. (usc.edu)
  • In simple terms, birefringence can be viewed as light moving at different speeds in two directions in a material. (usc.edu)
Calcite crystal2
  • Rotating the calcite crystal will cause one of the two images, that of the extraordinary ray, to rotate slightly around that of the ordinary ray, which remains fixed. (wikipedia.org)
  • A sunstone is a transparent type of calcite crystal that has optical qualities similar to a polarizing filter. (nauticalia.com)
Nonlinear4
  • Birefringence plays an important role in achieving phase-matching for a number of nonlinear optical processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Argon-ion lasers, for example, have been made obsolete by a new generation of neodymium-based lasers that operate in the infrared and use nonlinear crystals to efficiently upshift the laser into the green by frequency doubling. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • In conventional nonlinear optics transparent crystals are used for frequency conversion to phase-match the process. (laserfocusworld.com)
  • It consists of four sections with 20 chapters covering the topics of nonlinear and polarisation effects in optical fibers, photonic crystal fibers and new applications for optical fibers. (intechopen.com)
Bulk1
  • Fig. 1: Crystal structure, magnetic order and optical characterization of bulk NiI 2 . (nature.com)
Interference1
  • As a teacher in optical mineralogy I devoloped an improved Michel Levy chart for determination of interference colour and hence birefringence ( Sørensen, 2013 ). (ntnu.no)
Inflammation1
  • [ 8 , 9 ] The mutations were in the genes ANKH and COL, which may be involved in crystal-induced inflammation. (medscape.com)
Theoretical1
  • Combining birefringence and second-harmonic-generation measurements with theoretical modelling and simulations, we detect a highly anisotropic electronic state that simultaneously breaks three-fold rotational and inversion symmetry, and supports polar order. (nature.com)
Liquid crystal molecules1
  • Before an electric field is applied, the orientation of the liquid-crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. (wikipedia.org)
Characterization1
  • Characterization of the ligand was performed by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. (scirp.org)
Diagnosis1
  • This study was undertaken to verify the application of a special stain that could facilitate the evaluation of the birefringence properties of these crystals for definitive diagnosis. (nih.gov)
Negative1
  • Birefringence appears after an E-field poling and shows a "negative" uniaxial distortion. (montana.edu)
Large2
  • Owing to large from birefringence, these two types of birefringence in such PCFs may not only have opposite signs, but their absolute value can also differ by several orders of magnitude. (sckcen.be)
  • Among these materials is Barium titanium sulfide (BTS), a material rediscovered and prepared in large crystal form by Shanyuan Niu, a doctoral candidate in the Materials Science program at USC Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. (usc.edu)
PDLC3
  • More than 16 years of PDLC liquid crystal production experience. (bizviet.net)
  • China factory liquid crystal for PDLC e7 More than 17 years of PDLC liquid crystal production experience. (bizviet.net)
  • Switchable film glass liquid crystals PDLC E7 More than 17 years of PDLC liquid crystal production experience. (bizviet.net)
Single3
  • C.-S. Tu, F.-T. Wang, R.R. Chien, V.H. Schmidt, and L.-C. Lim, "Electric-field-induced dielectric anomalies and optical birefringence in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)1-xTixO3 (x=0.10) single crystal," J. Appl. (montana.edu)
  • Fig. 2: Birefringence and SHG in few- and single-layer NiI 2 . (nature.com)
  • This structure (2) was also confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. (scirp.org)
Growth1
  • Crystal Growth and Design. (nyu.edu)
Material3
  • The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers maintain that their material, barium titanium sulfide, has the highest birefringence among known crystals. (usc.edu)
  • The birefringence is larger than that of any known solid material, and it has low losses across the important long-wave infrared spectrum," says Kats. (usc.edu)
Refractive2
  • These are characterized by three refractive indices corresponding to three principal axes of the crystal. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work aims to study thermal stability, frequency response, and refractive indices in a (001)-cut Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)0.90Ti0.10O3 (PZNT10%) crystal before and after an electric (E)-field poling, which are important for piezoelectric and optical uses. (montana.edu)
Effect2
  • This effect was first described by Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite crystals which have one of the strongest birefringences. (wikipedia.org)
  • By holding it up to the sky and rotating it slowly, an effect called birefringence can be observed. (nauticalia.com)