Crystallin from human lenses. Medical search. Frequent questions

however, a posterior polar cataract is distinct from other forms of congenital lens opacities. (medscape.com)
A posterior polar cataract is a round, discoid, opaque mass (see the image below) that is composed of malformed and distorted lens fibers located in the central posterior part of the lens. (medscape.com)
Posterior polar cataract, a distinctive subtype of lens opacity, presents as an area of degenerative and malformed lens fibers that form an opacity in the central posterior subcapsular area of the lens. (medscape.com)
The surgical significance of a posterior subcapsular cataract is an association with and an adhesion of the lens opacity to the posterior capsule immediately subjacent to it. (medscape.com)
Examination of crystallin genes not yet linked to human disease identified a novel cataract gene, CRYBA2, a member of the βγ-crystallin superfamily. (nih.gov)
Dr. Rachdan joined Sidra in 2018 after working as Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist and Corneal Surgeon at Nottingham University Hospitals, UK providing eye care for both children and adults especially Cataract Surgery with Lens implantation. (sidra.org)
D. Rachdan, M. F. Lou and J. J. Harding: Glutathione reductase from human cataract lenses can be revived by reducing agents and by a molecular chaperone α-crystallin. (sidra.org)
D. Rachdan, M. F. Lou and J. J. Harding: Revival of inactive glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cataract lenses by reduction. (sidra.org)
However, chronic postoperative uveitis following phacoemulsification with retained lens material is still a well-known complication of cataract surgery and is the result of the same pathophysiology as the classically described entity of phacoanaphylaxis. (medscape.com)
While lens fragments may be retained in the anterior or posterior chamber during seemingly uncomplicated cataract surgery, they also may be dislocated posteriorly into the vitreous cavity during phacoemulsification of the nucleus, usually after zonular dehiscence or posterior capsule rupture. (medscape.com)
Lens-induced uveitis may develop, and the degree of intraocular inflammation in these patients often is governed by the size of the retained lens fragment, the time since cataract surgery, the patient's individual inflammatory response, and the extent of other intraocular manipulations. (medscape.com)
Therefore, more research is necessary into these natural cataract treatments to determine if they will be effective on humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The laser creates a circular opening to the lens capsule to facilitate cataract removal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To establish primary and immortalized cell cultures of human lens epithelial cells for a model system investigating human lens epithelial physiology and cataract. (wustl.edu)
These cells may provide an important human cell line specific to in vivo human lens epithelial cell physiology and would be of interest in establishing a human model to study lens cell differentiation and the etiology of cataract. (wustl.edu)
These cells may also provide a constant and reproducible source of lens epithelial cells for eye- related toxicology studies and to assay inhibitory drugs for the prevention of cataracts and posterior capsular opacification observed after cataract extraction. (wustl.edu)
Changes in the structure of these crystallins therefore lead to opacity or cataract. (org.pk)
Given recent metabolomic evidence that it is severely depleted in human cataractous lenses compared to age-matched controls, we suggest that maintaining or restoring healthy levels of myo-inositol in the lens may be a simple, safe, and globally accessible strategy to prevent or delay lens opacification due to age-onset cataract. (bvsalud.org)
Lens disorders: a clinical manual of cataract diagnosis. (nature.com)
The lens: development, proteins, metabolism and cataract. (nature.com)
The definitive management for senile cataract is lens extraction. (medscape.com)
Depending on the integrity of the posterior lens capsule, the 2 main types of lens surgery are the intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) and the extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). (medscape.com)
The findings support the theory that changes in some lens proteins can occur by direct absorption of IR by the lens, and that these changes are different from those seen in the early stages of ultraviolet cataract formation. (cdc.gov)

The peptide 3R antibody clearly recognized the presence of racemized and isomerized Asp-151 in both protein solution and lens tissue obtained from aged human lens. (nih.gov)
The lack of protein turnover has made the lens an ideal target for studying LLP degradation. (databasefootball.com)
In doing so, we are able to track the time course of protein aging from a single lens. (databasefootball.com)
Beta-crystallin B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYBB2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N-terminal and C-terminal extensions. (wikipedia.org)
The tunicate beta/gamma crystallin from Ciona intestinalis, which is known to bind calcium, is also capable of binding a wide variety of other divalent cations, which is highly unusual for a metal-binding protein. (uci.edu)
In contrast, the human lens protein gammaS-crystallin, which contains defunct calcim-binding sites binding sites, does not bind any divalent cations and aggregates readily in the presence of zinc. (uci.edu)
Although homozygous Cx50D47A lenses have increased levels of p62, a specific reduction in p62 phosphorylation at T269/S272, and a specific increase in p62 phosphorylation at S349, this protein is not a critical determinant of the severity of the abnormalities of these lenses (reduced growth or differentiation and cataracts). (molvis.org)
Phacoanaphylaxis/lens-induced uveitis occurs in the setting of a ruptured or degenerative lens capsule and is characterized by a granulomatous antigenic reaction to lens protein. (medscape.com)
[ 21 ] Each of the crystallin protein groups of lens cortical fibers contains a number of subtypes with distinct antigenic characteristics. (medscape.com)
Low (X25) photomicrograph of phacoanaphylactic reaction to lens protein in eye enucleated with penetrating injury. (medscape.com)
Note polymorphonuclear leucocytes around lens protein (hematoxylin and eosin). (medscape.com)
Analysis of proteins by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting showed that immortalized cells produce a protein with molecular weight of about 25 kD which reacted with an antibody to βH-crystallin. (wustl.edu)
Additionally, carnosine decreased tryptophan fluorescence polarization of glycated alpha-crystallin, suggesting that carnosine increased peptide chain mobility, which may contribute to the controlled unfolding of glycated protein. (kansascity.edu)
Sequence Analysis: Primary sequence of human gb-crystallin (Accession No. CRGB-HUMAN) was retrieved from the SWISSPROT data bank.9 Sequence homology searches of the Protein databank, PDB10 using the basic BLAST algorithm11 were carried out independently for each primary sequence. (org.pk)
The decrease in stability of the N-terminal domain of human gammaD-crystallin with respect to the complete protein indicated that the interdomain interface contributes of 4.2 kcal/mol to the overall stability of this very long-lived protein. (protabank.org)
The insoluble protein fraction from human cataracts is shown to have the capacity to act as a photosensitizer. (johnshopkins.edu)
understanding how the lens accommodates the human eye, focusing on computer modeling, and biochemical and biophysical characterization of the lens protein alpha crystallin. (rpi.edu)
It is not a structural protein accounting for the transparency of the human lens unlike other crystallins but instead plays a role in thyroid hormone bioavailability. (bvsalud.org)
αB-crystallin, a stress-related protein that has recently been shown to be important for cell invasion and survival, was identified as a potential prognostic biomarker to predict the outcome of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Premceski, mentored by Drs. Frank Giblin and Vidhi Mishra, worked on a project examining the interaction between alpha crystallin protein and an alpha crystallin peptide using fluorescence polarization. (rochestermedia.com)
As humans age, the crystallin protein in the lens breaks down to form peptide," said Premceski, a sophomore biomedical sciences major and member of the OU Honors College. (rochestermedia.com)
1 In the King lab, I focused on the aggregation pathways of oxidation-mimicking Trp variants of human γD-crystallin, 2 revealing another unusual phenomenon: the highly stable, aggregation-resistant WT protein drove a destabilized but still well folded variant into an aggregated state without itself aggregating 3 ( Figure 1 ). (mit.edu)
Most recently, as a postdoc in the Shakhnovich group at Harvard, I drew inspiration from the disulfide chemistry of the lens crystallins to devise a high-throughput disulfide scanning (HTDS) methodology that aims to systematically discover protein conformations, including non-native conformations, and link them to phenotypic effects. (mit.edu)
Tsao CS, Xu LF, Young M . Effect of dietary ascorbic acid on heat-induced eye lens protein damage in guinea pigs. (nature.com)
You are hearing Gamma Crystallin Music , a representation of the amino acid sequence of a lens protein. (whozoo.org)
The retina consists of a large number of photoreceptor cells, which contain a particular protein molecule called an opsin.In humans, there are two types of opsins, rod opsins and cone opsins. (shopglobal.com)

A recent paper from the Martin lab explores the evolutionary connection between calcium-binding beta/gamma crystallin proteins and the structural beta/gamma crystallins of the eye lens. (uci.edu)
Beta-crystallin A4 (CRYBA4) is a member of the beta/gamma-crystallin family which are the dominant structural components of the vertebrate eye lens. (prospecbio.com)
XL Vitamin C reduces gamma-crystallin leakage from lenses in diabetic rats. (nature.com)

A total of 99 anterior lens capsules (ALCs) of patients with ARC of various nuclear grades, ultraviolet models of ALCs, and two human lens epithelial cell lines (FHL-124 and SRA01/04) were used, and the expression of histone H3, CRYAA, GLB1, and p53 were detected by immunoblotting and reverse transcription and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (techscience.com)
In UV models of ALCs and human lens epithelial cell lines, the expression levels of histone H3, cell apoptosis factors (Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3), and inflammation factors (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) were all up-regulated. (techscience.com)
The lens is an epithelial structure as it is derived from primitive ectoderm. (medscape.com)
Human lens epithelial cells in culture were grown by isolating epithelium fragments from infant human lenses from patients who underwent treatment for retinopathy of prematurity and by allowing epithelial cells to grow from explants. (wustl.edu)
This report constitutes the first successful immortalization of human lens epithelial cells. (wustl.edu)
In both rat lens organ culture and mouse lens epithelial cells (MLECs), CREB promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. (aging-us.com)
The Immortalised Lens Epithelial Cells - SV40 is established from primary cells (isolated from infant lens epithelial fragments) using Adl2-SV40 adenovirus. (accegen.com)
The Immortalised Human Lens Epithelial Cells - SV40 provides a homogeneous population of cell for the investigation of the physiology of the normal human lens epithelium and study its response to cataractogenic agents and the human lens specific functions. (accegen.com)
The Immortalized Human Lens Epithelial Cells react positively with the monoclonal antibody to SV40 large T antigen. (accegen.com)
A possible cause of cortical cataracts is solar UVB light, so my project was to investigate the process of DNA damage and repair in cultured human lens epithelial cells, in the presence of UVB-induced radiation," said Donovan, who plans to attend medical school. (rochestermedia.com)
To explore the effect of knockdown of the homeobox gene paired-box 6 ( Pax 6) on the biological behavior and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs). (cjeo-journal.org)

To our knowledge this is the first case of an initiation codon mutation in a human crystallin gene, and only the second report of a CRYBB1 mutation associated with autosomal recessive congenital cataracts. (molvis.org)
We investigated whether levels of p62 and its phosphorylation were altered in the lenses of Cx50D47A mice, which express a mutant of connexin50 (Cx50) that leads to cataracts and impaired lens differentiation. (molvis.org)
However, deletion of p62 did not affect the sizes of the lenses or the severity of their cataracts in homozygous Cx50D47A mice. (molvis.org)
To elucidate the mechanisms by which connexin mutations lead to cataracts, we have been studying mouse models that mimic the mutations identified in human pedigrees with inherited congenital cataracts. (molvis.org)
The conversion process from soluble crystallins to insoluble proteins during aging of the lens also may result in an increased antigenic effect of proteins from mature or hypermature cataracts . (medscape.com)
Cataracts occur when the proteins in the eye's lens begin to break down and clump together. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although the myriad postoperative complications has led to the decline in popularity and use of ICCE, it still can be used when zonular integrity is too severely impaired to allow successful lens removal and IOL implantation with an ECCE, particularly carefully selected posttraumatic and hypermature cataracts. (medscape.com)

One of the subunits of alpha-crystallins. (lookformedical.com)
Alpha-crystallins also act as molecular chaperones that bind to denatured proteins, keep them in solution and thereby maintain the translucency of the lens. (lookformedical.com)
By virtue of its capacity to synthesize alpha crystallins, the lens epithelium may become strongly antigenic. (medscape.com)

The monomeric gamma-crystallins and oligomeric beta-crystallins have paired homologous double Greek key domains, presumably evolved through gene duplication and fusion. (protabank.org)

A subclass of crystallins that found in the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE) of VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)
A subclass of crystallins expressed highly in lens of diurnal Australian MARSUPIALS and in neural tissue, muscle, and kidney in humans. (bvsalud.org)

Folding and stability of the isolated Greek key domains of the long-lived human lens proteins gammaD-crystallin and gammaS-crystallin. (protabank.org)
We constructed and expressed polypeptide chains corresponding to the isolated N- and C-terminal domains of human gammaD-crystallin, as well as the isolated domains of human gammaS-crystallin. (protabank.org)

beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. (wikipedia.org)
Crystallins constitute about 90% of the water-soluble proteins of the lens and are divided into two major classes, the α-crystallin family and the β/γ-crystallin superfamily. (molvis.org)

Methylglyoxal-induced glycation of alpha-crystallin caused aggregation as evidenced by increased 90 degrees light scattering. (kansascity.edu)
We now report that one such mechanism involves an unusually abundant lens metabolite, myo-inositol, suppressing aggregation of lens crystallins. (bvsalud.org)
We quantified aggregation suppression using our previously well-characterized in vitro aggregation assays of oxidation-mimicking human Î³D-crystallin variants and investigated myo-inositol's molecular mechanism of action using solution NMR, negative-stain TEM, differential scanning fluorometry, thermal scanning Raman spectroscopy, turbidimetry in redox buffers, and free thiol quantitation. (bvsalud.org)
In the end, Liliana Quintanar took the metal/crystallin research direction back to Cinvestav in Mexico while I brought the work on oxidative aggregation of γD-crystallin to the Shakhnovich lab. (mit.edu)
The loss of alpha crystallin from the isoelectric focusing pattern was due to aggregation to higher molecular weight particles which could not enter the gel. (cdc.gov)

c) Post tissue homogenization of the nucleus, the precipitate that contains the water-insoluble (WI) crystallin proteins is separated from the supernatant that contains the water-soluble (WS) by centrifugation. (databasefootball.com)
A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
An age‐related increase in photosensitizing capacity is also demonstrated in the soluble crystallins from human lens. (johnshopkins.edu)

Beta-crystallins exist as oligomers formed from acidic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN) and basic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN) subunits. (lookformedical.com)
The concentration of beta crystallin proteins was reduced by in-vivo exposures. (cdc.gov)
In in-vitro studies, the beta crystallin was more resistant to degradation than were mixtures of alpha and gamma crystallins. (cdc.gov)

It was found that CREB significantly suppressed expression of the αB-crystallin gene to sensitize CREB-expressing cells undergoing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. (aging-us.com)
CREB knockdown via CRISPR/CAS9 technology led to upregulation of αB-crystallin and enhanced resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. (aging-us.com)
Moreover, overexpression of exogenous human αB-crystallin can restore the resistance against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. (aging-us.com)
Together, our results demonstrate that CREB is an important transcription factor mediating stress response, and it promotes oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing αB-crystallin expression. (aging-us.com)
Results The lens and retina suffer oxidative damage and the anti-oxidant vitamins A, C and E are implicated as protective. (nature.com)

Western blot and precipitation are used to confirm the presence of βH- and γ-crystallin, the proteins that are markers for cell differentiation in the lens epithelium. (accegen.com)

The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of these proteins accounts for the transparency of the lens. (lookformedical.com)
Crystallins are the major proteins in eye lens that contribute towards the maintenance of high refractive index and thus transparency. (org.pk)
The transparency of the eye lens depends on the high solubility and stability of the lens crystallin proteins. (protabank.org)
Isotonix Vision Formula helps maintain the structural integrity of blood vessels and capillaries, helps maintain the membranes of cone cells in the eyes, helps maintain lens transparency, helps strengthen the cells of the retina, and promotes healthy oxygen and nutrient flow to the eyes. (shopglobal.com)

Mutations in mu-crystallins are associated with an autosomal dominant NONSYNDROMIC DEAFNESS. (bvsalud.org)

Early experiments inferred that lens antigens are shared among a number of animal species, and they can provoke the formation of homologous antibodies. (medscape.com)

This type of information about how the vertebrate lens crystallins evolved away from ion-binding and toward independent stability is critical to understanding their function in the eye lens. (uci.edu)

The antibody in rabbit serum was purified by affinity chromatography using peptide 3R and bovine alphaA-crystallin as ligands. (nih.gov)
The highest sequence homology was found with bovine gB-crystallin (PDB id: 4gcr). (org.pk)

Glycation of lens alpha-crystallin occurs in vivo and may contribute to cataractogenesis. (kansascity.edu)
Abstract- Numerous investigators have attempted to associate near UV light exposure with various changes which occur to lens crystallins during aging and cataractogenesis. (johnshopkins.edu)

The β- and γ-crystallins share a common structural feature consisted of four "Greek key" motifs. (molvis.org)
Beta-crystallins are similar in structure to GAMMA-CRYSTALLINS in that they both contain Greek key motifs. (lookformedical.com)

A class of crystallins that provides refractive power and translucency to the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE) in VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)

Recently we have shown in vitro that singlet oxygen mediated oxidation of lens crystallins produces effects very similar to those documented for crystallins from old or cataractous lenses and suggested that near UV photodynamic effects may play a major role in vivo in aging in the human lens. (johnshopkins.edu)

To detect the locality of the D-beta-Asp-containing peptide in aged human lens, we prepared a highly specific antibody against peptide Gly-Leu-D-beta-Asp-Ala-Thr which corresponds to positions 149-153 of human alphaA-crystallin using peptide Gly-Leu-D-beta-Asp-Ala-Thr-Gly-Leu-D-beta-Asp-Ala-Thr-Gly-Leu-D-beta- Asp-Ala-Thr (designated peptide 3R) as an immunogen. (nih.gov)
Using a polyclonal antibody specific to a tridecameric peptide in the C-terminal tail domain common to both zebrafish Bfsp2 splice variants, we have confirmed its expression in zebrafish lens fibre cells. (dundee.ac.uk)

Moreover, deletion of p62 did not change the levels of crystallins, histone H3, the mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog, or the abundance of nuclei and nuclear fragments in the lenses of homozygous Cx50D47A mice. (molvis.org)

CRYBA4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 216 amino acids (1-196 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 24.5kDa. (prospecbio.com)
The α-crystallins are heat shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones. (molvis.org)
Despite growing experience and knowledge concerning human MSC and their use in cell-based strategies, the molecular mechanisms that govern MSC self-renewal, expansion and multilineage differentiation are not well understood and remain an active area of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
A very high molecular weight fraction contained alpha crystallin material. (cdc.gov)

corresponding to the amino acid sequences 146-157 in human alphaA-crystallin) in which Asp-151 residues were normal L-alpha-Asp, abnormal D-alpha-Asp, L-beta-Asp, and D-beta-Asp, respectively. (nih.gov)
Side chain accessibilities (å2) of amino acids in the vicinity of Phe56 and the corresponding mutated residues in wild type and mutated human gB-crystallin models respectively. (org.pk)

Bada J, Brown S and Masters P (1980) Age determination of marine mammals based on aspartic acid racemization in the teeth and lens nucleus. (uit.no)

Upon closer examination of this data, we see less isomerization in the younger cortical lens fractions and also changes in the isomer distributions. (databasefootball.com)

The basic subunit of beta-crystallins. (lookformedical.com)

In this study we asked if human MSC are developing in an aberrant or unwanted way during ex vivo long-term cultivation and if cultivation conditions exert any influence on their stem cell maintenance. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of exposure to elevated temperatures or to infrared radiation (IR) on lens proteins were investigated in-vitro in rabbit and calf lenses and in-vivo in rabbits. (cdc.gov)
Rabbit lenses were exposed in-vitro and in-vivo to IR from a Raychem-IR 500 infrared hand tool with a total irradiance of 65 milliwatts/square centimeter. (cdc.gov)

Carnosine Disaggregates Glycated Alpha-Crystallin: An In Vitro Study" by Norbert W. Seidler, George Yeargans et al. (kansascity.edu)
We investigated this hypothesis using glycated alpha-crystallin as our in vitro model. (kansascity.edu)

Often, this opacity is adherent to the lens capsule, thereby making uncomplicated surgical removal problematic. (medscape.com)
The histologic changes of the malformed lens fibers are now recognized to be associated with an adherence of these degenerative lens fibers to an area of the weakened posterior capsule. (medscape.com)
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. (lookformedical.com)
[ 16 , 20 ] Halbert et al found that lens proteins might be autoantigenic when they escape from their position of immunological isolation in the lens capsule. (medscape.com)
Note marked inflammatory reaction consisting of polymorphonuclear cells around lens capsule and lens fibers (hematoxylin and eosin X100). (medscape.com)
They will use small instruments to enter the eye and open the lens capsule. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It involves extraction of the entire lens, including the posterior capsule and mechanical or enzymatic lysis of the zonular support structures. (medscape.com)
METHODS: Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) were co-cultured with various concentrations of ATO. (bvsalud.org)

Malik A, Kojima M, Sasaki K . Morphological and biochemical changes in lenses of guinea pigs after vitamin-C deficient diet and UV-B radiation. (nature.com)
Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens. (longevitywiki.org)

Beta-crystallins, the most heterogeneous, differ by the presence of the C-terminal extension (present in the basic group, none in the acidic group). (wikipedia.org)

The findings from this experiment will help researchers understand the potential effect of this mutation in the human eye, he explained. (rochestermedia.com)

In many Asp-containing peptides from the crystallins, it was found that the levels of L-isoAsp were significantly higher in the nucleus than in the cortex. (databasefootball.com)

Beta-crystallins form aggregates of different sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. (wikipedia.org)

The antibody we prepared crossreacted specifically to D-beta-Asp-151-containing alphaA-crystallin. (nih.gov)
Immunohistochemical staining of human lens with the antibody demonstrated that D-beta-Asp-151-containing alphaA-crystallin was predominantly localized in the core of aged human lens. (nih.gov)
Autologous lens proteins are only weakly antigenic, but fractionated crystallins are much more effective in stimulating an antibody response. (medscape.com)

Alpha, beta, and delta crystallins occur in avian and reptilian lenses, while alpha, beta, and gamma crystallins occur in all other lenses. (lookformedical.com)
Data mining of the genome databases suggest that the loss of this tail domain could occur in several stages leading eventually to completely tailless orthologues, such as human BFSP2. (dundee.ac.uk)

The aim of the present study is to determine whether histone H3, αA-crystallin (CRYAA), β-galactosidase (GLB1), and p53 are involved in the pathogenesis of ARC. (techscience.com)

The proteins exist as large oligomers that are formed from ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN and ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN subunits. (lookformedical.com)

Intensities of the opacities and lens equatorial diameters were quantified using ImageJ. (molvis.org)
Hypertension and lens opacities from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. (nature.com)

This result suggested that the human N-terminal domain might not be able to fold on its own. (protabank.org)

Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclei and nuclear remnants were detected with fluorescence microscopy of lens sections stained with 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). (molvis.org)

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. (wikipedia.org)
Similar to enzyme crystallins of the lens, both aldehyde dehydrogenase and transketolase are thought to contribute to the optical properties of the cornea. (aao.org)

Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the expression of two upregulated (EpCAM, FADD) and two downregulated (NDRG1, αB-crystallin) proteins in 190 paraffin-embedded tissue samples. (biomedcentral.com)

In the present work we demonstrate that certain oxidation products of tryptophan which have been identified in human lens can act as near UV photosensitizers, producing singlet oxygen. (johnshopkins.edu)

ADH is a dimeric zinc metalloprotein and occurs as five different classes in humans, resulting from gene duplications during vertebrate evolution, the first one traced to ~500. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy19

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Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations3

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Cataract23

Protein27

Gamma crystallin3

Epithelial11

Cataracts7

Alpha-crystallins3

Monomeric1

Subclass of crystallins2

GammaS-crystallin2

Superfamily2

Aggregation5

Soluble3

Beta-crystallin3

Oxidative5

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Transparency5

Autosomal dominant1

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Vertebrate lens1

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Cataractous lenses1

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Molecular4

Amino2

Aspartic Acid1

Cortical1

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Vivo3

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Capsule8

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Mutation in the human1

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Occurs1