Crotalus venom. Medical search. Frequent questions

SVEVs isolated from lyophilized venoms collected from four different species of snakes ( Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix , Crotalus atrox , Crotalus viridis and Crotalus cerberus oreganus ) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic, which allowed the identification of proteins belonging to eight main functional protein classes such as SVMPs, serine proteinases, PLA 2 , LAAO, 5′nucleotidase, C-type lectin, CRISP and Disintegrin. (nature.com)
Western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. (medscape.com)
The venom of a harvester ant is extravagantly toxic: It's about 40 times more potent than that of a western diamondback rattlesnake ( Crotalus atrox ), although an individual ant doesn't pack very much of it. (howstuffworks.com)
Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) Common in the vicinity of Lake Mead, but rarely observed below the rim. (nps.gov)
la BATROXOBINA de Bothrops atrox y la crotalasa de Crotalus adamanteus (crótalo adamantino). (bvsalud.org)
Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox - not an Endangered Species but restricted in California). (charlesunderwood.biz)

Prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom was separated using liquid column chromatography. (unboundmedicine.com)
TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the biological and immunological properties of fractions of prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom. (unboundmedicine.com)
AU - Ownby,C L, AU - Colberg,T R, PY - 1987/1/1/pubmed PY - 1987/1/1/medline PY - 1987/1/1/entrez SP - 1329 EP - 42 JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology JO - Toxicon VL - 25 IS - 12 N2 - Prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom was separated using liquid column chromatography. (unboundmedicine.com)
The venom of the southern Pacific rattlesnake 'is unique,' says Brandon Cornett, 'Southern Pacific Rattlesnake - One of San Diego's Rattlers. (desertusa.com)
From the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus). (cathdb.info)
If the snake is a South American rattlesnake, Crotalus terrific duressis, one of those toxins will be a phospholipase. (scienceblogs.com)
A 25 kDa hemorrhagic endopeptidase from the venom of the red rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber ruber) that cleaves fibrinogen. (genome.jp)
Male Reproductive Cycle, Age at Maturity, and Cost of Reproduction in the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) Journal of Herpetology 29 (3): 399-407. (reptarium.cz)
Effects of movement and mating patterns on gene flow among overwintering hibernacula of the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) Copeia 2010 (1): 54-61. (reptarium.cz)
Variation in male movement paths during the mating season exhibited by the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in St. Louis County, Missouri. (reptarium.cz)
Variation in Association with Anthropogenic Habitat Edges Exhibited by the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) in St. Louis County, Missouri. (reptarium.cz)
The technology at issue involves immunological reagents for neutralizing snake venom (specifically rattlesnake venom). (patentdocs.org)
The claims were initially rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 103 for obviousness over prior art disclosure of horse antibodies against rattlesnake venom, in combination with art disclosing production of F(ab) fragments from whole antibodies for use in detecting venom from an Australian brown snake. (patentdocs.org)
The Grand Canyon rattlesnake (C. oreganus abyssus) is a subspecies of the more broadly spread Western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). (nps.gov)
Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus) Infrequently observed above the rim on the south side of the canyon west of Havasu Canyon. (nps.gov)
Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) A subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake. (nps.gov)
Mohave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) Relatively common near Pearce Ferry and documented above the rim in the vicinity of Quartermaster Point, this species has not yet been documented in (below the rim of) Grand Canyon. (nps.gov)
Some vipers (such as the Mojave rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus ) have significant amounts of neurotoxins in their venom, while some elapids (such as black-necked spitting cobras, Naja nigricollis ) seldom produce neurotoxic effects, instead destroying tissue much like a viper. (reptilesmagazine.com)
The fibrin gel obtained from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake, a rattlesnake, contains serinoprotease, a protein in the venom that has been characterized as thrombin-like and acts in a similar manner as thrombin. (scite.ai)
A thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of snakes of the viper/rattlesnake group. (bvsalud.org)
and crotalase from Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake). (bvsalud.org)
Because the Mojave rattlesnake venom is different, treatment may be different and snake venom vaccine (see below) is not protective against this venom. (vin.com)
Sometimes a rattlesnake bites but does not inject venom. (demontfordbell.com)
This species is of a mild disposition and has one of the least potent rattlesnake venoms. (demontfordbell.com)
The Cedros island rattlesnake, crotalus exsul, lives on Cedros Island. (demontfordbell.com)
The venom from the majority of rattlesnake bites will damage tissue and affect your circulatory system by destroying skin tissues and blood cells … Even a dead snake can bite and inject venom if the jaws open and close reflexively when they are touched. (demontfordbell.com)
Crotalus ruber is the mainland version of the red diamond rattlesnake. (demontfordbell.com)

In Brazil, the venoms of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. (bvsalud.org)
In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus venoms from three Brazilian states. (bvsalud.org)
Methods: We compared the compositional patterns of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. (bvsalud.org)
Results: The protein profile of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. (bvsalud.org)
The immunorecognition pattern of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus by crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was similar. (bvsalud.org)
In this regard, much effort by the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) has been made to produce a new fibrin sealant that uses a serine protease from a Brazilian snake ( Crotalus durissus terrificus ) with thrombin-like activity. (hindawi.com)
Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. (scite.ai)
Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. (scite.ai)
Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom and its major toxin, crotoxin or type II PLA2 (CB) subunit of this toxin, modulates immune and inflammatory responses, interfering with the activity of leukocytes. (fapesp.br)

In Latin America, the major prevalence is due to snakes of the family Viperidae , where rattlesnakes ( Crotalus ) are included. (mdpi.com)
South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, Crotalus durissus, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. (bvsalud.org)
Crotalus is a genus of venomous pit vipers in the family Viperidae, commonly known as rattlesnakes or rattlers. (wikipedia.org)
Members of the genus Crotalus range in size from only 50-70 cm (20-28 in) (C. intermedius, C. pricei), to over 150 cm (59 in) (eastern and western diamondback rattlesnakes). (wikipedia.org)
Most rattlesnakes 'have a venom that primarily acts as a hemotoxin. (desertusa.com)
There are approximately 25 species of rattlesnakes in the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus . (medscape.com)
Rattlesnakes are a group of venomous snakes of the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus of the subfamily Crotalinae. (drawingnow.com)
By scaring away predators without a fight, rattlesnakes avoid injury and conserve their venom needed for hunting. (nps.gov)
Mojave rattlesnakes are known to have neurotoxic venom that can paralyze the nervous system of prey. (sigmaxi.org)
Mojave rattlesnakes with hemorrhagic venom were more common throughout the snake's geographic distribution than researchers previously thought, and the data suggested that some snakes were hybrids, with both types of venom. (sigmaxi.org)
We are happy to have her as a monthly guest blog contributor throughout the span of her thesis work with Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus). (oriannesociety.org)
Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes are known to have varied venom composition throughout their range and life stages, so Natalie has chosen to investigate the plasticity of venom composition in adults. (oriannesociety.org)
The red diamond rattlesnakes venom increases in toxicity at the animal matures. (demontfordbell.com)

red on black, venom lack" is commonly used to distinguish coral snakes from nonvenomous species, but there are many exceptions. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis (genus): Snakes of the genus Crotalus are small to large viperids characterized by presence of a rattle, a moderate (e.g. (reptarium.cz)
Many lists also emphasize the very venomous nature of bites from sea snakes (now usually treated as two subfamilies of the cobra family, Elapidae) while failing to mention that most sea snakes have venoms specialized to kill eel prey and produce very little venom in a bite, and that the records of bites are largely due to fishermen carelessly handling the snakes. (reptilesmagazine.com)
In snakes, venoms are modified salivary gland secretions that may have developed to help digest prey before it was swallowed. (reptilesmagazine.com)
Simple reports of snakes biting humans may be misleading, as even the most deadly snakes often (perhaps 15 to 50 percent of the time) do not inject venom when they bite humans if restrained or attacked, and even if venom is injected it may be released in minimal quantities. (reptilesmagazine.com)
Snakes can even change its venom composition depending on age, diet, environment, temperature and geography. (snakevenomdb.org)
If used in a skin care cream it is known as aquaphylaxis and also known as venom of the snakes. (jesusthewaythetruthandthelight.com)

Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are major components of Bothrops snake venoms. (fapesp.br)
MT-III, a GII-A Asp49-sFLA2 isolated from Bothrops asper venom, displays a pronounced inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro experimental models. (fapesp.br)
In addition, this study will contribute to understand the inflammatory reaction induced by Bothrops snake venoms. (fapesp.br)

Although this may be generally accurate, it falls far short of expressing the true complexity of snake venoms. (reptilesmagazine.com)
Snake venoms are combinations of literally dozens of complex biochemicals, their presence or absence and proportions varying both by species and individually. (reptilesmagazine.com)
As a rule, proteolytic enzymes capable of breaking down proteins and myotoxins destroying muscle tissue are widely present in snake venoms. (reptilesmagazine.com)
Snake venoms are highly complicated. (vin.com)
At least 26 separate enzymes have been identified with 10 of these enzymes common to all snake venoms (though in different concentrations). (vin.com)

Immunodiffusion using the monovalent antivenom demonstrated that C. v. viridis venom contains many antigens common to 10 other crotaline venoms. (unboundmedicine.com)

They produce hemotoxic venom which causes bleeding, tissue degradation and necrosis. (mdpi.com)
They possess fangs that help them inject large quantities of hemotoxic venom. (drawingnow.com)
Take a "Minute Out In It" to appreciate the power of a zoom lens, since our ranger knew to keep a very safe distance from the hemotoxic venom of this coiled carnivore. (nps.gov)

The genus Crotalus is found in the Americas from southern Canada to central Argentina. (wikipedia.org)
Type species: Crotalus horridus LINNAEUS 1758 is the type species of the genus Crotalus LINNAEUS 1758. (reptarium.cz)
An antivenom composition comprising Fab fragments which bind specifically to a venom of a snake of the Crotalus genus and which are essentially free from contaminating Fc as determined by immunoelectrophoresis using anti-Fc antibodies, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (patentdocs.org)
An antivenom pharmaceutical composition for treating a snakebite victim , comprising Fab fragments which bind specifically to a venom of a snake of the Crotalus genus and which are essentially free from contaminating Fc as determined by immunoelectrophoresis using anti-Fc antibodies, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein said antivenom pharmaceutical composition neutralizes the lethality of the venom of a snake of the Crotalus genus . (patentdocs.org)

Another highly active hemorrhagic component was common to all of the venoms tested except that of Trimeresurus flavoviridis. (unboundmedicine.com)

Toxins with hemorrhagic and myonecrotic activity are generally found in the venoms of the Viperidae family due to synergic action of proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteinases and serine proteinases 4 . (nature.com)
Snake venom is a cocktail of enzymes, proteins, polypeptides and other compounds. (snakevenomdb.org)
Among hundreds, even thousands of proteins found in the venom, there are toxins, as well as nontoxic proteins (which also have pharmacological properties), and many enzymes. (snakevenomdb.org)
Venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes share similarity in structure and catalytic function with mammalian enzymes. (fapesp.br)

Most forms are easily recognized by the characteristic rattle on the end of their tails, although a few island populations form exceptions to this rule: C. catalinensis has lost its rattle entirely, Crotalus lorenzoensis usually has no rattle, and both Crotalus ruber lucasensis and Crotalus estebanensis exhibit a tendency for rattle loss. (wikipedia.org)
Biochemical characterization of hemorrhagic toxins with fibrinogenase activity isolated from Crotalus ruber ruber venom. (genome.jp)
Primary structure of a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase, HT-2, isolated from the venom of Crotalus ruber ruber. (genome.jp)

Finally, the immunorecognition of venom toxins by the crotalic antivenom produced at Butantan Institute was evaluated using Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
Toxins in the snake venom travel through your blood vessels and penetrate your skin. (scienceblogs.com)

The generic name Crotalus is derived from the Greek word κρόταλον krótalοn, which means "rattle" or "castanet", and refers to the rattle on the end of the tail, which makes this group (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) so distinctive. (wikipedia.org)

One of the hemorrhagic components was present in five of the other venoms tested, one of the direct myotoxic components was present in three other venoms, and one of the lethal components was common to two other venoms. (unboundmedicine.com)
Some snakebite documentation, however, showed patients displaying symptoms of a second venom type-hemorrhagic-that acts by destroying tissue in the body. (sigmaxi.org)

Comparison between venom molecules is also difficult when different techniques are used, and therefore, their identification/characterization using the same methodology is necessary. (mdpi.com)
In this work, a general biochemical characterization in snake venom of serine proteases (SVSP), phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), metalloproteases (SVMP) and hyaluronidases (SVH) of Crotalus aquilus (Ca), Crotalus polystictus (Cp) and Crotalus molossus nigrescens (Cmn) was done. (mdpi.com)

Conclusions: The results highlighted the individual variability among the venoms of C. durissus ssp. (bvsalud.org)

Its fangs function much like hypodermic syringes, conducting venom from glands within the skull, behind the eyes, into a victim's tissues. (desertusa.com)
Proteins constitute almost 95% of snake venom's dry weight and are produced and released by venom glands in a solubilized form during a snake bite. (nature.com)
Crotalid venom is produced and stored in paired glands below the eyes. (medscape.com)
The venom glands are located behind the upper jaw and vary in complexity and size with species. (reptilesmagazine.com)

venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA2 isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species. (bvsalud.org)

This study evaluated the use of fibrin glue derived from snake venom in the healing process after canine hysterorrhaphy. (scite.ai)

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Crotalus horridus ? (reptarium.cz)
Crotalus horridus - WALLACH et al. (reptarium.cz)
Geographic variation in the morphology of Crotalus horridus (Serpentes: Viperidae). (reptarium.cz)

The venom (not poison) is primarily neurotoxic, which affects the nervous system and causes blindness, paralysis, and death. (tulsazoo.org)
This coloration is a warning sign to potential predators, as the eastern coral snake has a powerful neurotoxic venom that can be deadly if not treated promptly. (a-z-animals.com)

It is now known that venom toxicity and even envenomation symptoms sometimes vary over the range of what is currently treated as a single species of snake. (reptilesmagazine.com)

Following an ol… Bite severity depends on how much venom the snake chooses to inject. (demontfordbell.com)

They feed their usually yellowish liquid venom through ducts leading into the bases of externally grooved (family Elapidae) or hollow (family Viperidae) fangs located near or at the front of the upper jaw. (reptilesmagazine.com)

The neutralising capacity of the available antivenoms with regard to those venom components that possess haemorrhagic and myonecrotic activity is most probably small, as these effects occur rapidly after the injection of venom (Gutierrez 1990). (vapaguide.info)
Their venom is very poisonous, but the mortality rate is only 10-20% due to available antivenoms. (friendsofhuntingisland.org)

The fractions were tested for biological activity in mice and for immunological reactivity against polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom and a monovalent antivenom to the crude venom. (unboundmedicine.com)
Knowing where the different venoms occur can help snakebite victims receive the best treatment and could inform antivenom development. (sigmaxi.org)
Quantitative ELISA assays on seven serum samples confirmed the envenomation and illustrated a secondary rise and fall in systemic venom levels during antivenom treatment. (lajclinsci.com)

LD50 is the smallest amount of venom (stated in milligrams venom per kilogram mouse weight) that when injected into a standardized group of mice will kill half the subjects. (reptilesmagazine.com)

Crotalids have hollow, mobile, relatively long fangs located in the front of the upper jaw and are capable of delivering venom quite efficiently. (medscape.com)
They are aggressive when disturbed and administer deadly venom through retractable fangs. (charlesunderwood.biz)

In addition, the molecular function of some of the described proteins suggests a central role for SVEVs in the cytotoxicity of the snake venom and sheds new light in the envenomation process. (nature.com)

This study shows that proteins can be secreted and confined in snake venom extracellular vesicles (SVEVs) presenting a size distribution between 50 nm and 500 nm. (nature.com)
All the venomous species have a venom gland that synthesizes, stores and secretes a complex mixture of biological molecules including proteins. (nature.com)
Snake venom contains mainly proteins and peptides (90-95% of the dry weight of venom) and they are responsible for almost all of its biological effects. (snakevenomdb.org)

The generic name Crotalus is derived from the Greek word krotalon, meaning "rattle. (reptarium.cz)

Although death from venomous snake bites is rare, a worker with a severe envenomation or allergy to snake venom can die from a venomous bite. (businessbru.com)

First structure of a snake venom metalloproteinase: a prototype for matrix metalloproteinases/collagenases. (cathdb.info)

Schmidt has found the chemistry of harvester ant venom to be very different than that of other stinging insects, so it follows that it a hit of their venom would be accompanied by unique symptoms: sweating and hair standing on end around the bite, for instance. (howstuffworks.com)
Armed with the most painful bite of any known insect, bullet ant venom contains a unique peptide called poneratoxin that is so powerful that a single sting from one of these monsters could kill a mid-sized squirrel. (howstuffworks.com)
The venom of the copperhead is cytotoxic, meaning it causes tissue damage and can lead to pain, swelling, and discoloration around the bite area. (a-z-animals.com)

Moreover, said Tennesen, 'Anecdotal reports suggest that the snake's venom contains more neurotoxin that it did a few years ago. (desertusa.com)
This study also brings up questions related to the snake's population genetics and evolution, such as what is driving the different venom types to occur. (sigmaxi.org)

Our study documents the extent of venom variation for the first time and demonstrates that local adaptation can occur at fine scales even when gene flow is high," Strickland said. (sigmaxi.org)

Venom composition varies among various species and also within members of a single species. (snakevenomdb.org)

The diets of species of Crotalus generally consist of vertebrates, although many invertebrate species have also been consumed. (wikipedia.org)
Some snake venom zinc metalloproteinases [ ( PUBMED:15962120 ) ] consist of an N-terminal catalytic domain fused to a disintegrin domain. (embl.de)

Animal's and microorganisms' secretions, as well as plant extracts, have been used as folk medicine since the dawn of the humanity [ 1 ].Therefore, molecules found in poisons and venoms are interesting, once they were selected by evolution to act in their molecular targets with high specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Her research will be focused on evaluating the effects of environmental and acute stressors, such as drought, dehydration and predator stress, on venom production and composition. (oriannesociety.org)

These results clearly demonstrate that most of the venom components are antigenic and immunogenic. (unboundmedicine.com)
High catalytic efficiency, thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis make venom components attractive models to investigate. (snakevenomdb.org)

The antiserum comprised F(ab) fragments of horse antibodies raised against the venom, and an understanding of the issues in the case requires a brief synopsis of antibody technology. (patentdocs.org)

Tissue damaging properties of venom," said the University of California at Davis, "are 6 - 15 times greater in adults than juveniles. (demontfordbell.com)

Although mouse tests (commonly called LD50 studies) are important so researchers can have standardized baselines for venom studies, they really have very little to do with what happens when a snake bites a human. (reptilesmagazine.com)

Our work will inform research focused on the biochemical properties and medical implications of venom. (sigmaxi.org)

Strickland and his colleagues led a study to discover where the different venom types occur. (sigmaxi.org)

Regarding the functional limitation regarding venom neutralization, the Board held that the secondary reference taught that F(ab) fragments could neutralize snake venom in mice, and thus that this limitation did not render the claims patentable. (patentdocs.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs21

Atrox6

Rattlesnake27

Terrificus9

Rattlesnakes13

Snakes7

Bothrops3

Snake venoms5

Viridis1

Hemotoxic venom3

Genus4

Trimeresurus1

Enzymes4

Ruber3

Toxins2

Sistrurus1

Hemorrhagic2

Characterization2

Durissus ssp1

Glands4

Subspecies1

Derived from snake venom1

Horridus3

Neurotoxic2

Toxicity1

Inject1

Viperidae1

Antivenoms2

Antivenom3

Amount of venom1

Fangs2

Cytotoxicity1

Proteins3

Rattle1

Envenomation1

Metalloproteinase1

Bite3

Snake's2

Variation1

Single species1

Consist2

Molecules1

Composition1

Components2

Antibodies1

Tissue1

Commonly1

Biochemical1

Occur1

Functional1