Critical for protein amino acid residues. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our method allows for the identification of the proteins, identification of redox-sensitive cysteines within proteins, and quantification of the redox status of individual cysteine-containing peptides. (hindawi.com)
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interfacially Active Peptides and Proteins. (bgu.ac.il)
The strategy of using synthetic partial peptides of amyloidogenic proteins in vitro is a useful system for understanding amyloid fibril formation and for the development of novel therapies. (nii.ac.jp)
The team mapped the binding site in UBAP2L to FMRPs and constructed a peptide array encompassing the UBAP2L area with 20mer peptides moved by two amino acids at a time to investigate whether the interactome data indicated that UBAP2L and NSP3 compete for binding to a comparable interface on FMRPs. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
The use of certain pharmaceuticals, products containing vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vaccines and herbal medicinal products, that are not expected to have an environmental impact according to the European Medicines Agency scientific committee's (CHMP) guidelines [7] are not classified. (janusinfo.se)

Based on a predicted model of UMAMIT29, we propose that the substrate transporting cavity consists of 51 residues, of which four are highly conserved residues across all the analyzed homologs of UMAMIT29. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesised that the transport cavity contains highly conserved residues that are key for the transport activity. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been demonstrated that cysteines are characterized by the most extreme conservation pattern, being highly conserved in functional positions of proteins but poorly conserved otherwise [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
A hydrophobic surface patch is created by motif residues that are highly conserved among a variety of proteins from diverse eukaryotic species. (embl-heidelberg.de)
HSPs (Heat shock proteins) are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins among species which are involved in maintaining appropriate folding and conformation of other proteins and are thus referred to as molecular chaperones. (biomedcentral.com)

The primary mechanisms that produce protein isoforms are alternative splicing and variable promoter usage, though modifications due to genetic changes, such as mutations and polymorphisms are sometimes also considered distinct isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
However, we observed that mutations at these residues often substantially reduce the degree of protein production. (aps.org)
Furthermore, the structural fate of amino acid mutations, which impair the functionality of RemA, could be investigated. (uni-marburg.de)
none carry mutations at these five amino acids. (accessh.org)
Mutations in both PINK1 and PARKIN have been linked by numerous studies to Parkinson's disease, which involves the death of certain neurons and a buildup of improperly folded proteins in the brain. (mybestmedicine.com)
These mutations affect critical residues in the cytoplasmic BTK protein and are highly variable and uniformly dispersed throughout the molecule. (medscape.com)
Approximately one third of point mutations affect CGG sites, which usually code for arginine residues. (medscape.com)
Some of these mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the KCNH2 protein, while other mutations delete several amino acids from the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations change single amino acids in the KCNH2 protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Mutation of LRS amino acid residues important for leucine binding renders the mTORC1 pathway insensitive to intracellular levels of amino acids. (nih.gov)
The development of better methods for mutation analysis-related protein PTMs will help to facilitate the development of personalized precision medicine. (deepdyve.com)
posttranslational modifications, amino acid variations, computational mutation analysis, protein PTM predictor, network biology Introduction Protein PTMs are biochemical alterations of amino acids that change the physicochemical properties of target proteins, leading to structural changes and therefore regulating protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction in developmental and cancer pathways [1]. (deepdyve.com)
7] analyzed amino acid variations of 15 different PTMs and indicated that about 4.5% of amino acid variations may affect protein function through disruption of PTMs, and the mutation of 238 PTMs sites in human proteins was causative of disease. (deepdyve.com)
As part of the analyses, residues that are critical for LisH-dimerization and the head-to-tail binding, respectively, were identified, whose mutation specifically interfered with each of the interactions separately. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This is thought to be due to a mutation in the protein, rather than a complete absence. (medscape.com)
In addition, a mutation in the DKC1 gene is also found on exon 15, revealing a duplication, which adds a lysine residue on a polylysine tract on the C-terminus. (medscape.com)

or other hydrophobic amino acids. (bvsalud.org)

From these studies, the emerging picture is that the RLD is a versatile domain which may perform many different functions, including guanine nucleotide exchange on small GTP-binding proteins, enzyme inhibition or interaction with proteins and lipids. (nih.gov)
Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)
Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
By directly attaching to the core protein carboxyl-terminal domain, Ciclopirox derivatives may be able to suppress HBV virus assembly and subsequent viral replication inhibition. (ghuhlo.top)
Mohebbi A, Ghorbanzadeh T, Naderifar S, Khalaj F, Askari FS, Sammak AS (2023) A fragment-based drug discovery developed on ciclopirox for inhibition of Hepatitis B virus core protein: An in silico study. (ghuhlo.top)
Thus specific inhibition of individual proteins or signalling pathways holds a great potential for subversion of this genetic plasticity of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
As a proof of principle, we performed saturation editing of the essential gene SEC14 and identified amino acids critical for chemical inhibition of lipid signaling. (labroots.com)
this inhibition was associated with changes in protein stability/translation efficiency (in the case of V120A and L342A) and an impairment in transport function (in the case of L121). (biomedcentral.com)
Truncating the N- and C- terminals of hRFVT-2 led to significant inhibition in RF uptake, which was associated with changes in protein stability/translation efficiency (it was also associated with a partial impairment in membrane targeting in the case of the N-terminal truncation). (biomedcentral.com)
1997. Inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase by polychlorinated biphenyls. (cdc.gov)

Interactions with other proteins or molecules are another feature of cysteines that can affect protein activity. (hindawi.com)
Bioinformatics analysis of contact maps in PAS domains revealed conserved networks of interactions, where side chain identity is variable, but a cluster of inter-residue interactions is retained. (aps.org)
We propose that such conservative interactions is important for efficient protein production. (aps.org)
As could be demonstrated, the oligomerization is based on two independent interactions mediated by different domains of the protein: a known interaction of the N-terminal discoidin domain with the C-terminal portion, termed head-to-tail interaction, and a dimerization of the LisH motif in muskelin that was so far neglected in the literature. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
when both interactions were disturbed, the protein was present as monomer. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Hence, a proline-binding module distinct from SH3 and WW domains regulates protein-protein interactions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Elegant studies have demonstrated Dvl-mediated formation of a membrane proximal "signalosome," which enables critical protein interactions at the PM ( 5 ). (rupress.org)
In recent years, the role of specific amino acids in TMD-TMD interactions has been better characterized, with more emphasis on polar and aromatic residues. (bgu.ac.il)
Among them, the study of virus-host protein-protein interactions is a powerful strategy to comprehend the molecular mechanisms employed by the virus to infect the host cells and to interact with their components. (bvsalud.org)
Experimental protein-protein interactions described in the scientific literature have been systematically captured into several molecular interaction databases. (bvsalud.org)
In this review, we give an overview of publicly available viral-human protein-protein interactions resources and the community standards, curation rules and adopted ontologies. (bvsalud.org)
The different interactions between viral proteins and cellular host proteins are required for efficient replication of HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv preprint* server, an international team of researchers investigated interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) and fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMRPs) and explored their contribution to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
To study the contribution of the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3-FMRP interactions in the in vivo settings, the researchers infected hamsters with the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain and non-structural protein 3 mutant, observing weight reduction and illness over seven days. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
These residues are important for the calcium-dependent interactions with phospholipid surfaces. (medscape.com)
Protein complexes, which are formed as a result of these interactions, consist of two or more components that associate along specific pathways - protein association pathways. (lu.se)
To make proteins, such as binding, recognition and catalysis, often progress, it is therefore helpful to adopt a sceptical atti- involve specific interactions with individual water mol- tude. (lu.se)

Specifically, IA3 produced a CD spectrum characteristic of an unstructured peptide, and the 15N-HSQC NMR spectra of IA3 were characteristic of a protein lacking intrinsic structure. (usda.gov)
The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
FIGURE 4: Fusion peptide conserved sequence in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. (accessh.org)
The deduced 4660-aa sequence, expected to constitute a mature protein of M(r) 516,715, consists of a probable N-terminal signal peptide sequence (25 aa), an extracellular region (4400 aa), a single transmembrane domain (22 aa), and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (213 aa). (embl.de)
Close juxtaposition of the alpha1 and alpha2 helices and the lack of critical residues that normally contribute to anchoring the peptide N and C termini eliminates peptide binding. (rcsb.org)
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and peptide bonds link them together to form long chains. (primorigen.com)
Ribosomes decode the mRNA, which links the amino acids together by peptide bonds to form a protein. (primorigen.com)
In essence, the reference peptide library enabled the researchers to "count" ubiquitylation events in a site-specific manner across more than a dozen mitochondrial surface proteins simultaneously in a mass spectrometer. (mybestmedicine.com)
Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
Disulphide bonds forming loops of amino acids of the peptide backbone have a major impact on internal dynamics that can be interpreted with a reduced set of Zimm modes. (lu.se)

However, the amino acid sensor that directly couples intracellular amino acid-mediated signaling to mTORC1 is unknown. (nih.gov)
Here we show that leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) plays a critical role in amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation by sensing intracellular leucine concentration and initiating molecular events leading to mTORC1 activation. (nih.gov)
For the binding site on the GABA(A) receptor, it was confirmed that the thirteen most C-terminal residues of the intracellular domain are critical for the binding of muskelin. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
It was identified in the human intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two tandem PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2. (embl-heidelberg.de)
A membrane-proximal proline-rich tandem repeat, involved in cytokine production, is recognized by the intracellular CD2 binding protein CD2BP2. (embl-heidelberg.de)
PON2 is ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein, while PON3 is bound to HDL, like PON1. (biochemia-medica.com)

For example, phosphorylation mainly occurs on a subset of three types of amino acids, including serine (S), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y). Methylation is predominantly found on lysine (K) and arginine (R) residues. (deepdyve.com)
Ubiquitin is known to mark its target proteins on specific residues of the amino acid lysine. (mybestmedicine.com)
This occurs for only a small subset of lysine residues, however, and determining precisely which lysines are modified and why has been a challenge for the field - especially for the more than a dozen PARKIN targets on the mitochondrial surface. (mybestmedicine.com)
Previous work by the Harper lab, in collaboration with Steve Gygi, HMS professor of cell biology, had established methods that allow detection of individual lysine residues in proteins that are linked with ubiquitin. (mybestmedicine.com)

Several critical signaling pathways control cellular proliferation, migration, and polarization. (rupress.org)
Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
MAGESTIC will create opportunities to unravel the genetic basis of quantitative traits, map functional residues on proteins and RNAs across entire pathways, dissect DNA regulatory elements, and build improved organisms for biotechnology. (labroots.com)
Network analysis of available virus-host interactomes allow us to understand how the host interactome is perturbed upon viral infection and what are the key host proteins targeted by the virus and the main cellular pathways that are subverted. (bvsalud.org)

To test this, we aligned 97 protein sequences consisting of homologs of UMAMIT clade I from 27 plant species and created sequence logos containing the 51 residues identified in the structural analysis ( Supplementary Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
As we show here, these RCC1 superfamily proteins can be subdivided in five subgroups based on structural criteria. (nih.gov)
Here, we review the available structural and functional data on RCC1 superfamily members, paying special attention to the human proteins and their involvement in disease. (nih.gov)
Here, we combine in-vitro structural measurements, which used EPR spectroscopy and UV-Vis measurements, with cell experiments to explore the role of the various methionine residues in CusB. (biorxiv.org)
A region of 13 amino acid residues, corresponding to the amino-terminal portion of the alpha2 helix, is missing in the electron density map, suggesting an area of structural flexibility that may be involved in ligand binding. (rcsb.org)
There are many different types of proteins synthesized by cells, including enzymes, structural proteins, hormones, and transport proteins. (primorigen.com)
Besides that, there is little known about structural features of the hRFVT-2 protein that are important for its function and cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study investigated the SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3-FMRPs interaction and its role in COVID-19. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
Using SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3, the researchers explored the connections between SARS-CoV-2 and cellular host components. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
The team discovered a new connection between SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3 and FMR1 and FXR1-2. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
The diminished capability of non-structural protein 3 mutants in interferon-deficient VeroE6 cells indicated that IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) may not be responsible for attenuation. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
The translated polyprotein consists of three structural [capsid (C), membrane (M) and envelope (E)] and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). (spandidos-publications.com)
A general property of disordered proteins is their structural expansion that results in a high macromolecular flexibility. (lu.se)
SLRPs provide structural support to the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX and are critical for regulating its assembly and dynamics at CELL-MATRIX JUNCTIONS. (bvsalud.org)

Total nucleic acids from nasal swabs were isolated by using the MagnaPure 96 total nucleic acid isolation kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), and samples were tested for MERS-CoV by using 2 TaqMan assays: 1 for the envelope (upE) and 1 for the nucleocapsid gene (N), as described previously ( 9 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid involved in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein. (primorigen.com)
DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that stores genetic information in the form of a sequence of nucleotides. (primorigen.com)
Polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) has diverse functions inside the cell such as transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, acts as nucleic acids binding protein and regulate replication and infectivity of different viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies recognize specific configurations (epitopes, or antigenic determinants) on the surfaces of antigens (eg, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). (msdmanuals.com)

Despite the high abundance of proline residues in TMDs, contribution of proline to TMD-TMD association has not been intensively studied. (bgu.ac.il)

While the rest of the antibodies in this series have also neutralized many variants of concern, what makes these two antibodies particularly special is their variant neutralization and Spike residue target. (accessh.org)
Most monoclonal antibodies target amino acids on either the receptor-binding domain, the N-terminal domain, or a combination of the two. (accessh.org)
The two antibodies bind from amino acid positions 812-830 in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. (accessh.org)
Lupus anticoagulants are a heterogeneous group of antibodies directed against phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
they are called variable because the amino acids they contain are different in different antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)

6, 7 BRCA1 interacts with a variety of proteins and is involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and checkpoint control. (bmj.com)
The repeat is found in a variety of proteins that include, vitellogenin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor [ ( PUBMED:6091915 ) ], preproepidermal growth factor, and nidogen (entactin). (embl.de)

The structure of RL is basically composed of two parts: The water-soluble part makes up of one or two molecules of a sugar called rhamnose, and the water-insoluble part consists of one or two fatty-acid molecules. (usda.gov)
This is mediated by the secretion of extracellular proteins and other biological molecules. (uni-marburg.de)
Large DNA viruses of the herpesvirus family produce proteins that mimic host MHC-I molecules as part of their immunoevasive strategy. (rcsb.org)
Proteins are complex molecules made up of amino acids arranged in a specific sequence, and they perform a wide range of functions in biological systems. (primorigen.com)
These modifications include the addition of chemical groups, such as phosphate or sugar molecules, or the cleavage of amino acid residues. (primorigen.com)
RNA and DNA are essential molecules in protein synthesis. (primorigen.com)
The granules, composed of ribonucleic acid-binding protein molecules such as Ras-GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding-proteins 1 and 2 (G3BP1/2) and ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (UBAP2L), are essential for antiviral signaling. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
Molecules modulating gene transcription during muscle wasting in cancer, sepsis, and other critical illness. (shengsci.com)
Recent oxygen-17 magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) experiments have shown that the vast majority of water molecules in the protein hydration layer suffer a mere twofold dynamic retardation compared with bulk water. (lu.se)

Based on our model, we proposed a substrate-transporting cavity of UMAMIT29 defined by helix I to IV and VI-IX and selected 51 residues as putative substrate binding sites based on solvent accessibility ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
We have now cloned, sequenced, and analyzed in silico the gene locus of NRRL B-30761 containing the putative coding sequences of rhamnosyltransferase chain A (rhlAPch, 894 bps), rhamnosyltransferase chain B (rhlBPch, 1272 bps) and N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent transcriptional regulatory protein (rhlRPch, 726 bps). (usda.gov)
The putative gene-products RhlAPch (297 amino-acid residues or a.a. (usda.gov)

The prediction models were trained on influenza protein sequences isolated from both avian and human samples, which were transformed into amino acid physicochemical properties feature vectors. (springer.com)

And finally, many proteins from higher organisms require complex disulfide bonds for stability and proper folding. (neb.com)
The amino acid changes could alter the protein charge and stability, inducing distinct physiological functions. (dovepress.com)
11 The functionally important BARD1/BRCA1 heterodimer formation is mediated by the RING finger motifs and has also been shown to markedly increase the stability of both proteins. (bmj.com)
Our experimental data on photoactive yellow protein argue against a role in allosteric switching or protein stability. (aps.org)
Further analysis revealed conserved residues that affect protein stability and in vivo protein production, indicating that both effects drive evolutionary conservation in PYP, but through two largely distinct sets of residues. (aps.org)
Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
In distinct, the RMSD values with the 6hhi_Quercetin program are drastically greater than these with the 6hhi_G4N system from five ns, which could possibly be as a consequence of the variations in smaller molecule compounds bound within the 6hhi protein that affect the stability on the entire complex to some extent. (ephb4inhibitor.com)
Results from the molecular dynamics simulations in water show that the trajectories of the protein complexed with ligand WA are stable over a considerably long time period of 4 ns, with the energies of the complex being lowered in comparison to the un-docked association complex, suggesting the thermodynamic stability of WA complexed Hsp90/Cdc37. (biomedcentral.com)
First we showed that the defect in the function of the L123 and L339 hRFVT-2 clinical mutants is related to a reduction in protein stability/translation efficiency and to retention of the protein in the ER. (biomedcentral.com)
Because telomeres function to maintain chromosomal stability, telomerase has a critical role in preventing cellular senescence and cancer progression. (medscape.com)

It contains 10 gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid residues. (medscape.com)
Vitamin K is necessary for the posttranslational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in the amino terminus of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. (medscape.com)

When expressing membrane proteins, researchers must assume from the start that the protein will be difficult to express in functional form. (neb.com)
As a solution NEB offers a tunable T7 expression strain for the production of membrane proteins and other difficult targets so that the level of functional protein may be optimized. (neb.com)
Membrane proteins are translated by ribosomes and predominantly inserted into the membrane by the SecYEG-translocon. (uni-marburg.de)
Assembly of transmembrane domains (TMDs) is a critical step in the function of membrane proteins. (bgu.ac.il)

The third domain is rich in serine and threonine residues and contains clustered O-linked carbohydrate chains. (embl.de)

From the prediction models constructed, all achieved high prediction performance, indicating clear distinctions in both avian and human proteins. (springer.com)
For instance, the SwissVariant database (http://swissvar.expasy.org/) contained 76 613 variants in 20 244 human proteins on 10 January 2018. (deepdyve.com)

Inter-residue potentials are extensively used in the design and evaluation of protein structures. (archive.org)
The second goal of this paper is the computation of inter-residue interaction energies for the reduced amino acid alphabet, which has not been explicitly addressed in the literature until now. (archive.org)

And then Mehmet Berkman will highlight the SHuffle line of E. coli strains for producing proteins with complex disulphide bonds. (neb.com)

2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)

The unstructured state of IA3 was fully analyzed and characterized by fully assigning the unbound IA3 protein and comparing the chemical shifts to published random-coil values and by measuring 1H-15N heteronuclear NOEs, which are all consistent with an unfolded protein. (usda.gov)

Following me will be Corinna Tuckey, who will describe the utility and advantages of the PURExpress in vitro protein synthesis kit. (neb.com)
NEB also offers solutions for expressing these types of proteins, either in vitro or in vivo. (neb.com)
In accordance with the strong conservation of these residues among the alpha subunits of the GABA(A) receptor, it could be shown that an interaction with muskelin in vitro is also possible for the alpha2 and alpha5 subunits. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)

Allosterically regulated proteins that require an activator are sometimes based on a thiol exchange interaction involving cysteines, for example, pyruvate kinase uses fructose bisphosphate (FBPs) as a heterotrophic activator and it contains a cysteine in its FBP binding site [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
This information enabled to map the amino acids contributing to binding, which showed that the binding site of the head-to-tail interaction coincides with the generic ligand binding site of the discoidin domain. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The characterization of IA3 binding to YprA using biophysical methods such as circular dichroism, crystallography, kinetic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry, has provided critical molecular details on this novel interaction that will be used to design inhibitors to various pathogenic aspartic proteinases. (usda.gov)
By using a least squares technique, we present a systematic method of obtaining the interaction energy values for any type of grouping scheme that reduces the amino acid alphabet. (archive.org)
By means of biochemical methods, crucial residues of RemA responsible for DNA interaction could be functionally investigated. (uni-marburg.de)
We finally discuss the main limitations and future challenges to assess the quality and reliability of protein-protein interaction datasets and resources. (bvsalud.org)
and (ii) the perturbation progress within the field of protein hydration has been of the structure and dynamics of bulk water caused by the interaction with the solute. (lu.se)

Through RNA splicing mechanisms, mRNA has the ability to select different protein-coding segments (exons) of a gene, or even different parts of exons from RNA to form different mRNA sequences. (wikipedia.org)
These investigations report on identification of residues/sequences in the hRFVT-2 protein that is important for its physiological function and cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
There is about 70% of identity in nucleotide sequences and about 60% of identity in amino acid sequences between these three genes. (biochemia-medica.com)

Reversible cysteine modifications allow for potential redox regulation of proteins. (hindawi.com)
Cysteine is the most important redox-responsive amino acid within proteins largely due to the wide range of oxidation states that sulfur can occupy-so called, "sulfur switches" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
In proteins where cysteine is not within the active site, activity can be modulated by changing conformation or by influencing its regulatory role, for example, iron sulfur complexes (ISCs) in aconitase possess cysteines required for its activity [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, reversible cysteine modifications can influence protein activity and the relative quantification of the status of the thiol can potentially provide valuable insights into protein activity where the protein exists in a range of redox states. (hindawi.com)
Cysteine reduced MBTS to MBT with subsequent formation of the mixed disulfide 2-amino-3-(benzothiazol-2-yl disulfanyl)propionic acid which was identified and characterized. (cdc.gov)
The N-terminal contains four conserved CYSTEINE residues and may be modified depending on function. (bvsalud.org)

The molecular alarm system for mitochondrial quality control involves two enzymes: the protein kinase PINK1, which chemically modifies proteins with phosphate, and the ubiquitin ligase PARKIN, which marks target proteins with a molecule called ubiquitin. (mybestmedicine.com)

Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
Various reports implicated host cellular proteins as a key factor that either interact directly with HIV-1 integrase (IN) or get involved in the integration process of virus resulting in the modulation of integration step. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of these interacting host cellular protein provide better understanding of mechanism of viral replication and subsequently development of new therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
The RNA-binding protein FMR1 and the closely related FXR1 and FXR2 proteins were the most notable cellular host factors co-purifying with NSP3. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
1989. Cellular alterations and enhanced induction of cleft palate after coadministration of retinoic acid and TCDD. (cdc.gov)

Identification of amino acid residues critical for aggregation of human CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. (expasy.org)
Since the initial identification of RCC1, a number of proteins have been discovered that contain one or more RCC1-like domains (RLDs). (nih.gov)
Following the evaluation of the model and the identification of motifs characteristic of the Flaviviridae family, data from previous publications on the treatment of HCV were incorporated, with the aim of detecting the ideal residues in the Spondweni model, which are similar to those of the HCV structure and are inhibitor targets. (spandidos-publications.com)

More knowledge of the underlying mechanism is needed to attain a full understanding of CusB functioning, which is associated with targeting specific and crucial residues in CusB. (biorxiv.org)
One crucial determinant of host tropism is hemagglutinin (HA) receptor specificity, in particular, preference of specific species of sialic acid on host cells. (springer.com)
However it is also involved in the maturation and stabilization of a wide range of oncogenic client proteins which are crucial for oncogenesis and malignant progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Stress granules, large protein-ribonucleic acid (RNA) assemblies, are crucial for viruses to replicate in host cells. (worldmedicinefoundation.com)
The most crucial NS proteins are the viral helicase and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Binding experiments and mutational analyses have demonstrated the critical importance of the GYF tripeptide in ligand binding. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Hydrophobic residue Phe23 is a critical amino acid in the ligand binding domain. (ghuhlo.top)

We targeted two methionine residues (M227 and M241) that are essential for the proper function of CusB. (biorxiv.org)
Mature protein retains hydrophobic signal sequence on the N-terminal region, from which only the initiator methionine residue is removed (2,4,5). (biochemia-medica.com)

Amino acids are required for activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, which regulates protein translation, cell size, and autophagy. (nih.gov)
The first 24 amino acids (ACTH 1-24 ) are preserved in different mammalian cells. (researchsquare.com)
In the present study, we have identified a new HIV-1 integrase interacting protein, polypyrimidine tract binding protein and associated splicing factor (PSF) through pull down assay and co immunoprecipitation of IN with mammalian cell protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)

The most frequently mutated GPCRs include thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), Smoothened (SMO), glutamate metabotropic receptors (GRMs), members of the adhesion family of GPCRs and receptors for bioactive lipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that accumulate in the tumour microenvironment. (nature.com)
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)
Such reactions are involved in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism as well as in the metabolic conversion of vitamins B 6 and B 9 into their biologically active forms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
Researchers have made great strides in describing the PINK1-PARKIN pathway, but many of its critical features have remained poorly understood. (mybestmedicine.com)
The association pathway from monomer to oligomer is critical in a range of biological processes and thus it is of a vital importance to elucidate both atomic-resolution structures of intermediates along the pathway as well as the structure of the final state. (lu.se)

Metabolism of MBT using isoniazid and dexamethasone-induced rat liver microsomes, to give a protein reactive epoxide intermediate and provide an alternative protein haptenation mechanism, was not observed. (cdc.gov)

Redox proteomics has taken advantage of the thiol specificity of ICAT reagents not only to identify targets of ROS but also to quantify oxidative thiol modifications in individual proteins. (hindawi.com)
Oxidative transformation of MBT to the disulfide 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (MBTS) was observed within the glove matrix when hypochlorous acid, iodine, and hydrogen peroxide were used as oxidants. (cdc.gov)

A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences. (wikipedia.org)

Most PTMs are catalyzed by highly specific protein modifying enzymes, which have some specific recognition motif. (deepdyve.com)

Prothrombin (factor II of the coagulation cascade) is a critical protein in hemostasis. (medscape.com)
Serum amyloid A and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein are transport proteins, and fibrinogen is a coagulation factor. (msdmanuals.com)

Each unique sequence produces a specific form of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
I will start by outlining the most common problems encountered during the expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli and specific solutions will be given for each problem. (neb.com)
Obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive the conservation of residues at specific positions in a protein is an important challenge in understanding protein structure, function, and evolution. (aps.org)
PTMs are specific to types of amino acid residues. (deepdyve.com)
IA3 is a 68 amino acid inhibitor that is specific for only Yeast Proteinase A (YprA). (usda.gov)
The specific function of a potassium channel depends on its protein components and its location in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Biochemical analysis corroborated that the LisH motif in muskelin serves as a dimerization element, and, moreover, showed that the C-terminal domain of the protein substantially stabilizes this dimerization. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The integration process is catalyzed by viral protein integrase which utilizes different host proteins for integration of viral DNA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded via a destruction complex (DC) consisting of two core tumor suppressors that serve as scaffold proteins (APC and Axin) and two kinases (glycogen synthase kinase-3 β [GSK3β] and casein kinase 1 [CK1]) ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
The BTK gene defect has been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome at band Xq21.3 to Xq22, spanning 37.5kb with 19 exons forming 659 amino acids to complete the BTK cytosolic tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)

BARD1, unlike BRCA1, also contains a centrally located sequence of three ankyrin repeats 11 that are found in many proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. (bmj.com)

this process is regulated by the alternative splicing of mRNA, though it is not clear to what extent such a process affects the diversity of the human proteome, as the abundance of mRNA transcript isoforms does not necessarily correlate with the abundance of protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
Transcript abundance is often used as a proxy for the abundance of protein isoforms, though proteomics experiments using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry have demonstrated that the correlation between transcript and protein counts is often low, and that one protein isoform is usually dominant. (wikipedia.org)
Although ~95% of multi-exonic genes are thought to be alternatively spliced, one study on noisy splicing observed that most of the different low-abundance transcripts are noise, and predicts that most alternative transcript and protein isoforms present in a cell are not functionally relevant. (wikipedia.org)
Improvements in mass spectrometry has led to the development of a number of techniques to quantify the relative protein abundance within a given sample. (hindawi.com)
By taking "digital snapshots" of the protein landscape as cells mark damaged mitochondria for autophagy, the research team generated the clearest picture to date of the dynamics of this process, including absolute measurements of protein modification reactions and their abundance and changes over time. (mybestmedicine.com)

Reversible modification of cysteines such as disulfide bond formation, glutathionylation, and nitrosylation may also be a means of protection from further, generally irreversible, modifications to sulfinic (-SO 2 H) or sulfonic (-SO 3 H) acids [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry experiments demonstrated the simultaneous reduction of MBTS and disulfide formation with Cys34 on bovine serum albumin, suggesting a potential route of protein haptenation through covalent bonding between protein cysteinyl residues and the MBT/MBTS thiol moiety. (cdc.gov)
Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)

The protein RemA is central to this process, as it activates the secretion of these extracellular components. (uni-marburg.de)
We have observed that inactivating EXT1 induces cell enlargement and enhances metabolic switches such as protein secretion. (bvsalud.org)

By comparing differentially conserved residues within the predicted cavities between glucosinolate-transporting and non-glucosinolate-transporting UMAMITs, we identify 11 candidate residues. (frontiersin.org)

Low molecular-mass plasma proteins play a key role in health and disease. (shengsci.com)
Acute phase reactants are plasma proteins whose levels dramatically increase (called positive acute phase reactants) or, in some cases, decrease (called negative acute phase reactants) in response to the elevated circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 that occur when infection or tissue damage occurs. (msdmanuals.com)

The discovery of isoforms could explain the discrepancy between the small number of protein coding regions of genes revealed by the human genome project and the large diversity of proteins seen in an organism: different proteins encoded by the same gene could increase the diversity of the proteome. (wikipedia.org)
Once activated, PARKIN transfers ubiquitin to a variety of different proteins, creating a "ubiquitin coat" on the mitochondrial surface. (mybestmedicine.com)

Understanding and predicting host tropism of influenza proteins lay an important foundation for future work in constructing computation models capable of directly predicting interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. (springer.com)

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
The importance of protein synthesis can be seen in its impact on gene expression, gene regulation, and diseases. (primorigen.com)
The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
The proteins produced from the KCNH2 gene and another gene, KCNE2 , interact to form a functional potassium channel. (medlineplus.gov)
In the X-linked recessive form, the gene defect lies in the DKC1 gene (located at Xq28), which encodes for the protein dyskerin. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
8- 10 In attempts to identify new breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, much research has focused on BRCA1 associated proteins. (bmj.com)
Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)

SARS-CoV-2 expresses some amino acids that mimic the host adrenocortical hormone (ACTH 1-39 ). (researchsquare.com)

The 9 most strongly PAS-conserved residues are located at structurally inconspicuous positions that remain largely unstudied. (aps.org)
Part 3: Membrane protein biogenesis is regulated by a structurally unique, co-translational state of FtsY. (uni-marburg.de)

It is one of the most abundant proteins in the eukaryotic cells comprising 1-2% of total proteins under non-stress conditions [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein synthesis occurs in different organelles in eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. (primorigen.com)

We also found that amino acid substitutions between type B apoA-II (Pro5, Val38) and type C apoA-II (Gln5, Ala38) did not affect either phase. (nii.ac.jp)

After initial binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) on the cell surface, the virus binds to its primary receptor called sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) through the large surface protein (LHBsAg) preS1 domain and enters the cytoplasm with the help of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [5, 6]. (ghuhlo.top)
A factor critical for this process is the SRP-receptor FtsY, which enables co-translational targeting to the translocon in coopration with the SRP-particle FFH and SRP-RNA. (uni-marburg.de)
Furthermore, we predict the relevance (energetically) of the DHE regions, as well as the influence of each protein segment to DHE-serotonin receptor binding. (chemaxon.com)

Six phenotypes were observed as a result of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at amino acid positions 112 and 158. (dovepress.com)
The genetic code, written in triplets of nucleotides called codons, determines how the nucleotide sequence of DNA is translated into a protein's amino acid sequence. (primorigen.com)

Determining specificity becomes more complicated when a protein has multiple subunits and each subunit has multiple isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
They tested for reactivity and binding specificity to a panel of coronavirus Spike proteins to narrow this pool. (accessh.org)
We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)

Three-dimensional protein structure comparisons can be used to help determine which, if any, isoforms represent functional protein products, and the structure of most isoforms in the human proteome has been predicted by AlphaFold and publicly released at isoform.io. (wikipedia.org)
Protein folding is the process of arranging amino acid residues to form a functional protein. (primorigen.com)

Evidence exists for telomerase dysfunction, ribosome deficiency, and protein synthesis dysfunction in this disorder. (medscape.com)

Organisms2

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science3

Geographicals2

Peptides5

Highly conserved5

Mutations10

Mutation7

Hydrophobic amino acids1

Inhibition10

Interactions17

Peptide10

Intracellular6

Lysine4

Pathways4

Structural14

Nucleic5

Proline residues1

Antibodies5

Variety of proteins2

Molecules9

Putative3

Physicochemical properties1

Stability10

Glutamic acid2

Membrane proteins4

Serine1

Human proteins2

Inter-residue2

Disulphide1

Lipids1

Analyzed and characterized1

Vitro4

Interaction7

Sequences3

Cysteine6

Target proteins1

Cellular5

Identification3

Crucial5

Ligand2

Methionine2

Mammalian5

Lipid5

Pathway3

Metabolism1

Oxidative2

Similar proteins1

Enzymes1

Coagulation2

Specific7

Biochemical1

Host proteins1

Kinase2

Transcriptional regulation1

Abundance5

Disulfide3

Secretion2

Differentially1

Plasma proteins2

Different proteins2

Constructing computation1

Gene5

Genes4

Mimic1

Structurally2

Eukaryotic cells2

Substitutions1

Receptor3

Nucleotide2

Specificity3

Functional protein2

Ribosome1