Creating make darpa. Medical search. Frequent questions

According to Darpa, these wearable interfaces could ultimately enable diverse national security applications such as control of active cyber-defence systems and swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles. (theiet.org)
According to Darpa, the N3 teams are pursuing a range of approaches that use optics, acoustics and electromagnetics to record neural activity and/or send signals back to the brain at high speed and resolution. (theiet.org)

DARPA is a research and development agency of the US Department of Defense (DoD), responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. (darkreading.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. (wikipedia.org)
DARPA is independent of other military research and development and reports directly to senior Department of Defense management. (wikipedia.org)
DARPA is the research arm of the Department of Defense, an acronym for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. (deepstate.news)

ITM will investigate this basis for trust in the context of human off-the-loop decision-making in difficult domains and seeks to enable the development, evaluation, and fielding of algorithmic decision-makers in difficult domains. (drexel.edu)

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has announced a program aimed to expand access to domestic manufacturing capabilities for the secure development of custom computer chips for defense systems. (meritalk.com)

Consider the Pentagon's effort to build the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, a plane meant to be used by all branches of the military. (freedomsphoenix.com)
That's why DARPA, the Pentagon's future projects wing, wants better, portable atomic clocks, small enough to go into battery-powered devices. (popsci.com)

The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory is building the robotic payload under contract to DARPA. (spacenews.com)

DARPA hopes to dispense with evolutionary randomness and assemble biological creatures, genetically programmed to live indefinitely and presumably do whatever their human masters want. (popsci.com)
Through this program, Ginkgo hopes to transform how therapeutic proteins are made, replacing cell-based methods with cell-free methods. (ginkgobioworks.com)

Under a contract from DARPA, AeroVironment Unmanned Aircraft Systems has created a hummingbird spy drone, the first two-wing, flapping-wing aircraft that carries its own energy source and can hover as well as move forwards. (tgdaily.com)
ARLINGTON, Va. and BOSTON , July 19, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited - The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) announced that Ginkgo Bioworks (NYSE: DNA), which is building the leading platform for cell programming and biosecurity, has been awarded a 4-year contract worth up to $18 million to reimagine how to manufacture complex therapeutic proteins. (ginkgobioworks.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is seeking information for a new, $1 billion contract to provide technical analytical support services (TASS), according to a recent request for information. (meritalk.com)

By 2019, a project funded by DARPA at Moderna supposedly demonstrated great promise in a clinical trial. (deepstate.news)

According to the Agency's announcement, the goal of the program is to create the foundation for trusted algorithmic decision-making in challenging domains, such as medical triage, where there is no right answer, and, as a result, there is no preexisting ground truth on which to train the program. (drexel.edu)
The triage domain allows us to get at core issues around trust and delegating decision-making to go beyond the state of the art in AI," said Matt Turek, PhD, DARPA's ITM program manager and deputy director of the Agency's Information Innovation Office. (drexel.edu)

The $50 million program is looking initially for research proposals for that lay out how those design tools will work and the microchip security architecture they will build. (fedscoop.com)
The amount of resources made available … will depend on the quality of the proposals received and the availability of funds. (fedscoop.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is seeking technical proposals for a new program that aims to develop automated approaches to conducting cybersecurity assessments on computer networks, according to an announcement posted to SAM.gov on Oct. 24. (meritalk.com)

A top Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) official said this week that generative AI - like ChatGPT - will alter the threat landscape by making it easier for adversaries to produce high-quality phishing capabilities and ransomware campaigns. (meritalk.com)
The U.S. military must instead use what it has in innovative ways to overwhelm adversaries, create multiple dilemmas and "get inside and disrupt its leaders' decision-making processes," he said. (nationaldefensemagazine.org)

It's been a long time since a Pentagon project from the DARPA labs truly evoked a "WTF DARPA? (popsci.com)
A new project, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, aims to make the guidance of experienced decision-makers available to people who are thrust into leadership positions during crisis situations. (drexel.edu)
DARPA appears to agree with the full-body submersion vision of hacking's future, as it's working on an Oculus Rift-based interface for use by U.S. military hackers, one part of its Plan X project for making digital warfare easier to train for and operate. (techcrunch.com)
A previous project, the DARPA-backed SoloTrek XFV Exo-Skeletor Flying Vehicle, failed to develop into an operational aircraft. (aviationweek.com)
A positive project of DARPA several years ago (early 2000s) was funding Sonex for the development of their enhanced internal combustion engine. (corbettreport.com)
The first phase of the project will take 18 months, and at the end of it, DARPA wants to see a working proof of concept. (popsci.com)
As a performer on DARPA's Reimagining Protein Manufacturing (RPM) project, Ginkgo aims to deliver revolutionary advances in on-demand protein manufacturing by leveraging Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) to enable rapid, high-yield, distributed production of human therapeutic proteins that support national security objectives. (ginkgobioworks.com)
One aim of the project is to create production methods that are compatible with Good Manufacturing Practices, thereby facilitating adoption by the pharmaceutical industry. (ginkgobioworks.com)

Aiming to plug a gap in IR capabilities, DARPA in the US is seeking partners for the Optomechanical Thermal Imaging (OpTIm) programme. (shephardmedia.com)

DARPA's $4 million "In the Moment" (ITM) program presents the challenge of developing AI algorithms that can both replicate the decision-making process of experienced leaders and apply it to new, rapidly evolving crisis situations. (drexel.edu)
Part of the logic behind building for the platform is that DARPA's senior staff sees this as the type of interface the young, fresh-out-of-school tech-savvy cybersecurity recruits they want to hire will be using and familiar with. (techcrunch.com)
The internet is an infrastructure that supports all aspects of modern life, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency is creating technology to protect U.S. data, networks and national security, DARPA's acting director said in Baltimore today. (hilltoptimes.com)
Even a combination of the most advanced technology cannot solve the problems America faces in the cyber domain entirely," he said, and described DARPA's efforts to "create technologies that protect our data, our networks and our national security when it comes to these threats. (hilltoptimes.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) just celebrated its 65th birthday earlier this month, and DARPA's director of the Mission Services Office explained this week that the agency has a unique model and culture "you can't create overnight. (meritalk.com)

Problems such as stress cracks may arise from the way those systems interact, but in many cases those problems don't become apparent until a full prototype is actually built, triggering costly do-overs. (freedomsphoenix.com)
The hand-made prototype has a wingspan of 6.5 inches tip-to-tip and weighs less than an AA battery. (tgdaily.com)

Land-based airstrips are also more vulnerable to enemy missiles, and frequently create tension with local populations. (nationalinterest.org)

We hope with this new DARPA challenge, we will spur such incredible innovation. (darkreading.com)
Adrian Turner shares how we can capture this value and build our competitive advantage in key areas, as well as re-think our innovation system to drive scale. (www.csiro.au)
And there's an opportunity in this country to create the breakthroughs but also to think about other types of innovation and combinatorial innovation. (www.csiro.au)
Defense officials hinted at positive developments by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) with quantum information science work at a Senate hearing today, and told senators that the agency is kicking off its Innovation Steering Group under Defense Department (DoD) Secretary Kathleen Hicks to improve adoption of new technologies for DoD agencies. (meritalk.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is searching for new contracted program security personnel to assist the agency in innovation and research for national security efforts. (meritalk.com)

TERN, a joint program between DARPA and the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research (ONR), aims to create a system that would enable small ships to operate both intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and combat drones. (nationalinterest.org)
The Economist has called DARPA the agency "that shaped the modern world," and said that "Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine sits alongside weather satellites, GPS, drones, stealth technology, voice interfaces, the personal computer and the internet on the list of innovations for which DARPA can claim at least partial credit. (wikipedia.org)

The DEFENDER and AGILE programs formed the foundation of DARPA sensor, surveillance, and directed energy R&D, particularly in the study of radar, infrared sensing, and x-ray/gamma ray detection. (wikipedia.org)

Ginkgo's synthetic biology platform, coupled with its extensive expertise in iterative Design-Build-Test-Learn -driven biological engineering, enables the rapid prototyping, optimization, and development of proteins, enzymes, metabolic pathways, and whole organisms under commercial-scale manufacturing conditions processes. (ginkgobioworks.com)

Therapeutic proteins bearing so-called "post-translational modifications," such as antibodies, cytokines, and clotting factors are particularly important in the marketplace and to DARPA, as are subunit and conjugate vaccines. (ginkgobioworks.com)

A challenge will be offered to teams to build tools using AI in order to solve open source's vulnerability challenges. (darkreading.com)
Named the AI Cyber Challenge (AIxCC), the intention is to create AI-driven systems to help address cybersecurity issues and ensure more secure software. (darkreading.com)
A case-based reasoning approach is ideal for a technological challenge like this, because there is a fairly clear justification for the decisions the program is making," Weber said. (drexel.edu)
Building that autonomy, Littlefield says, "was probably the most difficult technical challenge from a DARPA perspective. (ieee.org)
DARPA set out to solve a common challenge for forward troops: how can you reliably detect potential threats and targets of interest without making it a resource drain? (scitechdaily.com)
If you think that the DARPA Robotics Challenge is going to be a quiet academic sort of thing, then DARPA for one doesn't agree. (i-programmer.info)
The DARPA Robotics Challenge DRC ( Darpa Robotics Challenge Grows ) seems to be turning into a bit of a circus. (i-programmer.info)
One way to meet this challenge is distributed manufacturing at the point of care," said Jason Kelly, CEO and co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. (ginkgobioworks.com)
Another challenge, Patt said in an article distributed at the conference, is making many diverse, fluid pieces work together. (nationaldefensemagazine.org)
The study was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Warrior Web Program, grants from the National Science Foundation, the American Heart Association and the National Institutes of Health, a Rolex Award for Enterprise, the Harvard University Star Family Challenge, and Wyss Institute and SEAS funding. (medscape.com)

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is launching a $300 million collection of research efforts that could change the way the military models, designs, and ultimately manufactures its next generation of vehicles and weaponry. (freedomsphoenix.com)

CT2WS built on the concept that humans are inherently adept at detecting the unusual. (scitechdaily.com)

For more than fifty years, DARPA has held to a singular and enduring mission: to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security. (cafepress.com)
Over the past 18 years, Darpa has demonstrated increasingly sophisticated neurotechnologies that rely on surgically implanted electrodes to interface with the central or peripheral nervous systems. (theiet.org)
Stefanie Tompkins took over as the 23rd director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on Monday, returning to an agency she served for 11 years. (meritalk.com)

But DARPA is building a real version that's designed to make both cyberdefense and attacks using computer technologies more immersive, giving military hackers a way to look around the data and go "swimming in the Internet," as DARPA Plan X program manager Frank Pound explained to WIRED. (techcrunch.com)
Why isn't it common knowledge that these technologies started as DARPA-funded projects? (corbettreport.com)
To allow operations to continue during cyberattacks, DARPA is developing technologies to rapidly detect, isolate and characterize cyberattacks on the electric power grid, Walker said. (hilltoptimes.com)
The program is working on anomaly-detection technologies that are sensitive but have low false-alarm rates in a U.S power grid system that's made up of more than 3,500 different grids, Walker said. (hilltoptimes.com)
DARPA is also working on network isolation and threat-characterization technologies for cyber systems that include normal information technology and integrated control systems hardware and software, he said. (hilltoptimes.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has released a Special Notice (SN) to get more information about researching and developing "third wave" AI theory, and ways to address limitations seen in first and second wave AI technologies. (meritalk.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is launching an expansion of its Embedded Entrepreneurship Initiative (EEI) to accelerate 150 DARPA-backed technologies from lab to production. (meritalk.com)
While every attempt has been made to describe the technologies in a straightforward manner, to fully address the nuances of the concepts and to correctly describe the technology, the level of information and detail may exceed the interest of the casual reader. (cdc.gov)

The semifinalists will have a year to build a system that can rapidly defend critical infrastructure from attack. (darkreading.com)

By creating a more accessible brain-machine interface that doesn't require surgery to use, Darpa could deliver tools that allow mission commanders to remain meaningfully involved in dynamic operations that unfold at rapid speed. (theiet.org)
In pursuit of this mission, DARPA has developed and transferred technology programs encompassing a wide range of scientific disciplines that address the full spectrum of national security needs. (wikipedia.org)
The problem is that each of these platforms are currently built for its specific mission. (nationaldefensemagazine.org)

This is an opportunity to use the technology to make a real difference to build something that can achieve dramatic structural change," she said. (darkreading.com)
Darpa is preparing for a future in which a combination of unmanned systems, artificial intelligence, and cyber operations may cause conflicts to play out on timelines that are too short for humans to effectively manage with current technology alone," said N3 programme manager Al Emondi. (theiet.org)
Darpa also said that the technology has to be "read and write", meaning that it will be bi-directional. (theiet.org)
DARPA launched the Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System (CT2WS) program in 2008 with the goal of maximizing warfighters' awareness of their surroundings by developing man-portable visual threat detection devices. (scitechdaily.com)
CT2WS succeeded in creating a technology kit capable not only of identifying up to 91 percent of targets during testing with extremely low false-alarm rates, but also widening a warfighter's field of view to 120 degrees when all components of the kit are used in tandem. (scitechdaily.com)
By collaborating with academia, industry, and government partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate U.S. military requirements. (wikipedia.org)
When the government, defense contractors and tech giants team up to create the next generation of military technology, who wins and who loses? (corbettreport.com)
Google and Microsoft are already employing some of these techniques and moving the technology forward," Walker said, noting that DARPA is transitioning it to other parts of the government. (hilltoptimes.com)
The education specialists help make the games adapt to differences in student learning by applying their proven knowledge-tracing and cognitive mastery technology. (cmu.edu)
It turned out that DARPA began investing in experimental RNA technology in 2011. (deepstate.news)

Battery advances make. (aviationweek.com)
Only paradigm-shifting researchers need apply: DARPA says it's looking for "innovative approaches that enable revolutionary advances in science, devices, or systems. (fedscoop.com)
To get better atomic clocks to troops, DARPA wants to take advantage of recent advances in atomic physics, like laser-cooled and magneto-optically trapped atomic samples, or radio-frequency trapped ion samples. (popsci.com)

The focus on triage will encourage research teams to work directly on some of the hardest decision-making challenges possible. (drexel.edu)
Rather than affecting areas of the brain, Darpa expects this to work at single-neuron resolution, connecting to each neuron individually, with the agency anticipating that this method could achieve ten degrees of freedom. (theiet.org)
Awardees must build chips that work with existing software and be able to assure security "while maintaining the performance and power required for system operation. (fedscoop.com)
To make this website work, we log user data. (shephardmedia.com)
The education specialists work with the game developers to apply key elements of the framework to make sure that the game's mechanics, dynamics, and aesthetics work to support the game's educational and socio-emotional objectives according to established instructional design principles. (cmu.edu)
As part of this effort, the education specialists work with the game designers to make each game maximally diagnostic. (cmu.edu)

The goal of Tern is to give forward-deployed small ships the ability to serve as mobile launch and recovery sites for medium-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial systems (UAS)," DARPA said in a press release announcing Phase 2 of the program. (nationalinterest.org)
In Phase 3, a performer would be selected to build a full-scale demonstrator Tern system for ground-based testing, culminating in an at-sea demonstration of launch and recovery. (nationalinterest.org)
The Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) announced the launch of its Guaranteeing AI Robustness Against Detection (GARD) program, which is designed to develop new defenses against adversarial attacks on machine learning (ML) models. (meritalk.com)

BLACK HAT USA - Las Vegas - Wednesday, Aug. 9 - The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) will sponsor a two-year competition to create a new generation of cybersecurity tools to better secure software. (darkreading.com)
Last month the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) announced the start of the second phase of its Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node (TERN) program. (nationalinterest.org)
The US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) has officially funded a programme to develop a brain-to-machine interface - in the form of a headset designed to let military personnel control weapons through brain activity alone. (theiet.org)
The agency is also hoping such an interface could make it easier for service members to carry out complex tasks as well as help them multitask. (theiet.org)
Originally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the agency was created on February 7, 1958, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957. (wikipedia.org)
However large or small, the agency will make awards in three phases. (fedscoop.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is seeking innovative research concepts into how repressive regimes suppress the free flow of information. (meritalk.com)
President Biden intends to nominate Pamela Melroy, a former astronaut and former deputy director at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to be the next deputy administrator at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the White House announced April 16. (meritalk.com)
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is seeking information on benchmarks to determine the long-term use of quantum computers, according to a broad agency announcement (BAA). (meritalk.com)
Somewhere around half of all ongoing projects at the Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are currently utilizing AI in some form, DARPA Deputy Director Dr. Peter Highnam said March 24. (meritalk.com)

DARPA comprises approximately 220 government employees in six technical offices, including nearly 100 program managers, who together oversee about 250 research and development programs. (wikipedia.org)
Pfizer, the DARPA-funded CureVac, the CCP People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Sciences in China, and a lab at the Imperial College in London had all also conducted research. (deepstate.news)

said Gill Pratt, DARPA program manager. (scitechdaily.com)
Program Manager Joe Parrish: DARPA is "working closely with the Air Force to answer any questions House and Senate appropriators may have as Congress goes forward in its budget deliberations. (spacenews.com)

This changes the idea of zero-day exploits and causes one to think in terms of zero-second or zero-minute exploits," the DARPA director said. (hilltoptimes.com)

He's helped hunt down replicants and save humanity from genocidal Cylon robots of our own making. (popsci.com)
It is true that since the trials the robots have improved a lot and there are lots of people looking forward to seeing them perform better, much better, but the video makes it look as if the spectators are going to see something from a sci fi movie. (i-programmer.info)

We want to create systems that automatically defend any kind of software from attack, from use in commercial industry to life-saving medical devices," Adams said. (darkreading.com)
Very few countries are able to manufacture military jets and warships that marry electronics, novel materials, and cutting-edge propulsion systems. (freedomsphoenix.com)
Where I think we're headed at DARPA in the Winning in the Cyber Domain set of programs is what I loosely referring to as creating a cyber system-of-systems approach," Walker explained. (hilltoptimes.com)
The historic achievement made by the Nano Hummingbird is an example of the leading-edge innovations introduced and deployed almost routinely by the AeroVironment UAS team," says Tom Herring, AV senior vice president and general manager of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. (tgdaily.com)
DARPA announced this week that SSL is will be ready for a "systems requirements review for the spacecraft bus in October 2018. (spacenews.com)

DARPA and SSL are working under a so-called "other transactions agreement" where the government and the contractor share program costs. (spacenews.com)

The 132-foot-long, diesel-powered vessel was built by U.S. defense contractor Leidos under DARPA 's ACTUV program, a somewhat clunky nested acronym that stands for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel. (ieee.org)
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. (shephardmedia.com)
DARPA leaders are calling this "mosaic warfare. (nationaldefensemagazine.org)

Later phases will involve the building and testing of prototypes and demonstrations that the tools can be scaled for mass production. (fedscoop.com)

Traditional centralized, large-scale manufacturing methods have usually sufficed, but increasingly there are use cases where rapid distributed or on-demand manufacturing is needed, such as supplying of therapeutic proteins to geographically isolated locales, providing hospitals and clinics with point-of-need rapid production of medicines from common precursors, and improving our ability to mount rapid and targeted responses to natural or man-made biological threats and emergencies. (ginkgobioworks.com)
Ginkgo's biosecurity and public health unit, Concentric by Ginkgo, is building global infrastructure for biosecurity to empower governments, communities, and public health leaders to prevent, detect and respond to a wide variety of biological threats. (ginkgobioworks.com)

Under the OTA agreement, the company needed to make sure there was a "business case" and agree to make a significant investment. (spacenews.com)

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. (popsci.com)
Create an account to access more content and features on IEEE Spectrum , including the ability to save articles to read later, download Spectrum Collections, and participate in conversations with readers and editors. (ieee.org)

Plan X was a DARPA effort to create for the first time a common operating picture for warriors in cyberspace. (hilltoptimes.com)

She said that as software enables modern life and drives productivity, it also creates an expanding attack service for malicious actors. (darkreading.com)
And it's not just about productivity gains it's about creating that new value. (www.csiro.au)
This is a great example of using machine learning and AI not just for productivity gains but to create new value that wasn't possible before. (www.csiro.au)

Darpa envisions two ways to make this happen. (theiet.org)
Previously, methodologies for creating games did not provide the specific guidance desired to integrate learning objectives and game play objectives in mutually supportive ways. (cmu.edu)

And in response to that the US created DARPA. (www.csiro.au)

Grafana Labs has announced new tools to make it easier to analyze application data on Grafana Cloud. (i-programmer.info)

Enhanced Attribution's goal, Walker said, is to make transparent the opaque, malicious cyber-adversary actions and individual cyber-operator attribution by providing visibility into all aspects of malicious cyber actions. (hilltoptimes.com)

And: What was the intention behind creating the COVID-19 virus? (deepstate.news)

The F-35 is now expected to cost $135 million per plane and $1.5 trillion over the life of the program, making it the most expensive weapons system in military history. (freedomsphoenix.com)

DARPA launched the Tern program back in 2013. (nationalinterest.org)
The name of the organization first changed from its founding name, ARPA, to DARPA, in March 1972, changing back to ARPA in February 1993, then reverted to DARPA in March 1996. (wikipedia.org)

DARPA is keen to find partners for the Optomechanical Thermal Imaging (OpTIm) programme. (shephardmedia.com)

The Drexel team is led by Rosina Weber, PhD , a professor in the College of Computing & Informatics and expert in case-based reasoning and explainable AI that when combined enables the program to produce justifications for its decisions, which are made based on previous similar experiences. (drexel.edu)
To drum up even more visitors there is a video that uses clips from the previous trials to make things look really exciting. (i-programmer.info)

The report by Darpa also mentions six degrees-of-freedom control of machine. (theiet.org)

In return, DARPA committed to providing the robotics package to be integrated with the satellite. (spacenews.com)

According to DARPA2

Department of Defe4

Seeks1

Defense systems1

Pentagon's2

Robotic1

Hopes2

Contract3

20191

Agency's2

Proposals3

Adversaries2

Project8

Capabilities1

DARPA's5

Prototype2

Vulnerable1

Innovation5

Drones2

Surveillance1

Organisms1

Vaccines1

Challenge10

Ultimately1

Adept1

Years3

Technologies8

Rapidly1

Mission3

Technology10

Advances3

Work6

Launch3

Agency10

Research2

Program manager2

Director1

Robots2

Systems5

Government1

Warfare3

Phases1

Biological2

Agree1

Articles2

Effort1

Productivity3

Ways2

Response1

Tools1

Malicious1

Intention1

Military1

Back2

Partners1

Previous2

Report1

Return1