• Cardiac enzymes ― also known as cardiac biomarkers ― include myoglobin , troponin and creatine kinase . (perfusion.com)
  • The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is aided by a variety of serum markers, which include creatine kinase (CK) and its subclasses, troponin, myoglobin, and LDH. (medscape.com)
  • Troponin elevation in the absence of clinical evidence of ischemia should prompt a search for other causes of cardiac damage, such as myocarditis. (medscape.com)
  • The most often used blood markers are the creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) fraction and the troponin levels. (medicalxpress.com)
  • A recent publication has shown that cardiac troponin T (TnT) concentrations measured with a highly sensitive assay were significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular death and heart failure in stable coronary artery disease after adjustment for other independent prognostic indicators [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Blood tests - include testing for cardiac enzymes (including troponin and creatine kinase), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoproteins, triglycerides, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and prothrombin. (losalamitosmedctr.com)
  • HupA significantly diminished the infarct size and inhibited the activities of myocardial enzymes, including creatine kinase (CK), the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Priscilla DH and Prince PS: Cardioprotective effect of gallic acid on cardiac troponin-T, cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, it was estimated that Troponin levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients who died or were critically ill due to which cardiac injury biomarkers were elevated in most of the complicated cases of COVID-19. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • The common cardiac biomarkers that are tested for CVD include troponin, creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and others. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Cardiac biomarkers that are widely used as an integrated diagnostic approach for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include myocardial muscle creatine kinase (CK-MB), troponin I and T, myoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNPs), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), and others. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Compared to patients with HFpEF, those with HFmrEF were more likely to have comorbid acute myocardial infarction, infection and coronary artery disease, had higher level of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell (WBC). (researchsquare.com)
  • The biomarker type segment includes troponin, Creatine Kinase-Mb, B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, and Others. (brandpublished.com)
  • With the deepening of scientific research and the advancement of technical methods, cardiac markers have undergone more than 60 years of development, from the earliest glutamate transferase to the current troponin and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor, forming a complete and mature testing system. (sekbio.com)
  • For example, 30 minutes after myocardial infarction, myoglobin can be detected in the blood, and creatine kinase isoenzyme and troponin can be detected 3-6 hours later. (sekbio.com)
  • For the purpose of analysis, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, myoglobin, cardiac troponin I, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide were used to measure muscle injury. (consultantlive.com)
  • Peri-operative troponin I concentration as a marker of long-term postoperative adverse cardiac outcomes--a study in high-risk surgical patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Increases in troponin I and troponin T concentrations, as well as a single elevated creatine kinase-MB and two successively elevated creatine kinase-MB concentrations were measured in 12, 13, 33 and 15 patients respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Secondarily, we compared the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level between the surviving and expired patients. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • Cardiac troponins T and I are widely used for the diagnosis of myocardial injury. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac troponins are components of the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes and are released during myocardial necrosis in patients with ACS [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Determination of serum cardiac troponins was apparently thought to be unnecessary. (jabfm.org)
  • Cardiac troponins I and T and NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were elevated after races as additionally predictive of acute cardiac events in asymptomatic persons. (scirp.org)
  • We have previously demonstrated that the peri-operative measurement of increased serum concentrations of the cardiac markers troponins I and T and creatine kinase-MB can be predictors of major cardiovascular outcomes (including cardiac death) at 3 months after surgery. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and amylase levels of preterm infants following long-term tocolysis in pregnant women are limited. (hindawi.com)
  • He had increased levels of serum creatine kinase and lactate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other cardiac markers include creatine kinase and its isoenzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and its isoenzymes. (sekbio.com)
  • Injection with STZ significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in cardiac tissue and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum. (unair.ac.id)
  • Another way to assess damage to the heart is by measuring cardiac enzymes are biomarkers. (perfusion.com)
  • The EKG, cardiac enzymes, transesophageal echocardiogram, ultrasound, thallium stress test, and most definitively a cardiac catheterization - will help paint the full picture. (perfusion.com)
  • After admission to the hospital, tests revealed a normal electrocardiogram, normal treadmill, normal coronary arteriogram, and normal cardiac enzymes. (jabfm.org)
  • Making a final diagnosis, without loss of blood, obvious electrocardiogram (EKG) changes, or obvious changes in arterial oxygen saturation, cardiac enzymes, or blood pressure is sometimes challenging. (jabfm.org)
  • Heart attacks or other heart conditions may be indicated by the presence of elevated or high levels of cardiac enzymes. (brandpublished.com)
  • Heart enzymes are frequently referred to as "cardiac biomarkers. (brandpublished.com)
  • Increases in cardiac enzymes may be a symptom of acute coronary syndrome or myocardial ischemia (ACS). (brandpublished.com)
  • These include proteins associated with the sarcolemma (see image below), proteins associated with the contractile apparatus (see image below), and various enzymes involved in muscle function. (medscape.com)
  • These include elevations in blood markers for systemic inflammation (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2002) Effect of Marathon Running on Hematological and Biochemical Laboratory Parameters including Cardiac Markers. (scirp.org)
  • Blood must be drawn from the patient for a test on cardiac enzyme markers. (brandpublished.com)
  • What Are Cardiac Markers? (sekbio.com)
  • 1. What are cardiac markers in blood tests? (sekbio.com)
  • The first thing to understand is what are cardiac markers. (sekbio.com)
  • Cardiac markers are biochemical indicators that reflect heart disease and are helpful for the early diagnosis, clinical analysis, and prognosis evaluation of myocardial injury, especially acute myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease. (sekbio.com)
  • These tests can help identify changes in the heart's electrical activity or detect markers of cardiac damage. (nplegalconsultants.com)
  • There was no association between increases in any of these cardiac markers and cardiac death to 1 year. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thirty-nine major adverse cardiac outcomes were recorded (cardiac death, myocardial ischaemia, congestive cardiac failure, unstable angina, cerebrovascular accident and major arrhythmias needing active treatment). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Succinylcholine chloride injection may induce serious cardiac arrhythmias or cardiac arrest due to hyperkalemia. (nih.gov)
  • To study the etiopathogenesis of this challenging and arrhythmias are major cardiac manifestation. (who.int)
  • The value for the isoenzyme of creatine kinase with muscle and blood subunits is most specific, but it may be falsely elevated in persons with myopathy, hypothyroidism, renal failure, or skeletal muscle injury. (medscape.com)
  • Exclusion criteria for the study included those with diabetes, hypo- or hyperthyroidism, known hereditary skeletal muscle defects, other diseases known to cause muscle symptoms or those using coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation. (consultantlive.com)
  • Measurements of creatine kinase are used in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction, skeletal muscle diseases, and diseases of the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute rhabdomyolysis with hyperkalemia followed by ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and death has occurred after use in apparently healthy pediatric patients who were subsequently found to have undiagnosed skeletal muscle myopathy. (nih.gov)
  • The global cardiac biomarkers testing market was valued at $9,766.93 million in 2020, and is projected to reach $28,098.07 million by 2030, registering a CAGR of 10.9% from 2021 to 2030. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Thus, considering all these factors, the global cardiac biomarkers testing market exhibits positive growth during this pandemic and is expected to gain traction in the upcoming years. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • These are the key regions where the cardiac biomarkers testing market is operating and is predicted to expand soon. (brandpublished.com)
  • The manufacturers and suppliers involved in the cardiac biomarkers testing market are present across various countries in the above-mentioned regions. (brandpublished.com)
  • Get Sample Copy of This Report @ https://greyviews.com/reports/cardiac-biomarkers-testing-market/256/request-sample The report provides a detailed understanding of the market segments which have been formed by combining different prospects such as the biomarker type, application, end-user, and region. (brandpublished.com)
  • To achieve a substantial market share in the worldwide cardiac biomarkers testing market and strengthen their position, manufacturers are pursuing expansion methods such as current developments, mergers and acquisitions, product innovations, collaborations, and partnerships, joint ventures. (brandpublished.com)
  • The signs and symptoms of Loeffler endocarditis tend to reflect the many underlying disorders causing eosinophil dysfunction as well as the widely differing progression rates of cardiac damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • They included 35 statin users who walked the event despite muscle symptoms, 34 on statins but without such symptoms, and 31 nonstatin-using controls. (medscape.com)
  • Classical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include sudden chest pain (typically radiating to the left arm or left side of the neck), shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, sweating, and anxiety (often described as a sense of impending doom). (medicalxpress.com)
  • While SARS-CoV-2 infection causes predictable symptoms in COVID-19 patients, including upper respiratory distress and fever, the heterogeneity of manifestations is surprising. (springer.com)
  • During the past year, COVID-19 patient mortality rates have improved due to tailored pharmacological treatments and patient management strategies that address the unique presentation of symptoms, which will hopefully also reduce the incidence of cardiac injury. (springer.com)
  • We present the case of a 53-year-old woman who presented with right lower extremity weakness with preceding systemic symptoms including fever and chest pain. (neurology.org)
  • Affected individuals can have other heart-related signs and symptoms, including a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), an abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia), or chest pain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cardiac biomarkers help doctors determine whether a patient's symptoms are caused by a heart attack (myocardial infarction), angina, heart failure, or another problem. (brandpublished.com)
  • The professional liability involved with misreading cardiac imaging, poor ecg interpretation, and misunderstanding cardiac symptoms can be significant. (nplegalconsultants.com)
  • Creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme and creatine phosphokinase increased within 4 to 6 hours after the onset, peaked at 16 to 24 hours, and returned to normal within 3 to 4 days. (sekbio.com)
  • Asymptomatic increases in blood creatine kinase (CK) and amylase have been reported in pregnant women treated with tocolytic agents [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Post-COVID conditions is an umbrella term for the wide range of physical and mental health consequences that are present four or more weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by patients who had initial mild or asymptomatic acute infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: High short-term risk for acute cardiac events in asymptomatic middle-aged male runners is shown by stratification of validated biomarkers, which may render non-obstructive coronary atherosclerotic plaques vulnerable to rupture during marathons. (scirp.org)
  • With muscle pain, either perceived or real, among the most commonly reported adverse events associated with statin use, results of the study, which included symptomatic and asymptomatic statin users, provide evidence detailing associations between exercise and positive health benefits in these patients without increasing risk of muscle injury. (consultantlive.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 has various proteins on its surface including (M) membrane protein, (E) envelope small membrane protein and (S) spike glycoproteins. (springer.com)
  • Cardiac biomarkers are protein molecules that are released into the blood after heart damage or heart-stress. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Here we highlight a patient who had an AOP stroke in the community, which was initially managed as cardiac arrest. (bmj.com)
  • She was presumed to have had a cardiac arrest and received 2 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the community before the return of spontaneous circulation was noted. (bmj.com)
  • Paramedics arrived, and she was transported to a regional secondary hospital, triaged as a cardiac arrest. (bmj.com)
  • Findings: Recent epidemiological studies have identified an increasing frequency of cardiac arrest in middle-aged males during marathons since the year 2000 with atherosclerotic heart disease as the main cause of sudden cardiac death. (scirp.org)
  • Prospective studies are needed to determine the efficacy of pre-race low-dose aspirin for curtailing the increasing frequency of race-related cardiac arrest and sudden death in susceptible runners. (scirp.org)
  • for the RACER Study Group (2012) Cardiac Arrest during Long-Distance Running Races. (scirp.org)
  • Roberts, W.O., Roberts, D.M. and Lunos, S. (2013) Marathon Related Cardiac Arrest Differences in Men and Women. (scirp.org)
  • 2012) Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death in United States Marathons. (scirp.org)
  • She developed rapid quadriparesis over 24 hours and had ventricular fibrillation with cardiac arrest. (neurology.org)
  • A strategy including sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and cardiac arrest was chosen. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Diastole is the part of the cardiac contraction-relaxation cycle in which the heart fills with venous blood after the emptying done during its previous systole (i.e. contraction). (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection of other cell types possessing ACE2 receptors has been described including the epithelial cells of the lung, intestine, kidney, heart, and blood vessels inducing cardiotropic damage [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)
  • The types of specimens taken include blood samples, urine or faeces samples and skin scrapings or swabs from, for example, your throat or ear. (healthpoint.co.nz)
  • Many males with Danon disease have elevated levels of an enzyme called creatine kinase in their blood, which often indicates muscle disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All patients anaesthetised with sevoflurane should be constantly monitored, including electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation and end tidal carbon dioxide (CO 2 . (medicines.org.uk)
  • heart rate and blood pressure were recorded continuously, and medication use, including requirements for opioids and vasoactive drugs, was recorded. (silverchair.com)
  • Contributing factors to unstable angina include high blood pressure , a high-fat diet and high cholesterol , lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes , old age, and a family history of angina or other heart-related conditions. (belmarrahealth.com)
  • Although uncommon, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) can be complicated by dysautonomia, requiring close monitoring for cardiac arrhythmia and rarely ventricular fibrillation. (neurology.org)
  • The most common clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 include fulminant pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • People with Danon disease are often affected by a specific conduction abnormality known as cardiac preexcitation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Data are emerging that highlight the extent of cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 patients, including evidence that SARS-CoV-2 causes myocarditis and increases cardiac risk. (springer.com)
  • Hyperglycemia causes cardiac cell damage through increasing ROS production during diabetic complications. (unair.ac.id)
  • Nevertheless, the healthcare team's failure to recognize a heart attack can have serious consequences for the patient, including delayed treatment, preventable complications, and even death. (nplegalconsultants.com)
  • We systematically reviewed COVID-19 cardiac complications and calculated their pooled incidences. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • Other, less specific laboratory findings implicate a cardiac disorder but not necessarily eosinophilic myocarditis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eosinophilic states that may occur in and underlie Loeffler endocarditis (as well as the other stages of eosinophilic myocarditis) include primary and secondary eosinophilias or hypereosinophilias. (wikipedia.org)
  • Siegel, A.J., Silverman, L.M. and Lopez, M.S. (1980) Creatine Kinase Elevations in Marathon Runners: Relationship to Training and Competition. (scirp.org)
  • Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) present a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology [ 1 - 3 ] with high morbidity and mortality mainly due to new cardiac ischaemic events [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tanaka M, Mokhtari GK, Terry RD, et al: Overexpression of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) suppresses ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent development of graft coronary artery disease in murine cardiac grafts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The random effects model pooled estimate for the outcome infarct size assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance was estimated by the standardized mean difference (SMD) =−0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.34 to 0.21, ie, no effect of IPost. (dovepress.com)
  • The guideline set of more than 275 recommendations includes an executive summary of current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, along with additional recommendations for screening, chemoprevention and treatment of tobacco use in patients with lung cancer. (medscape.com)
  • found that the diagnostic performance of sensitivity cardiac Tn assays is excellent within the context of the myocardial infarction, and these assays can substantially improve the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, particularly in patients with a recent onset of chest pain [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Animals -105 cats from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom with a confirmed diagnosis of acquired MG and 510 cats with other neuromuscular disorders, including generalized weakness, megaesophagus, and dysphagia (control group). (avma.org)
  • Glucose measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neonatal hypoglycemia, and idiopathic hypoglycemia. (cdc.gov)
  • Creatine kinase is also used for diagnosis because autosomal recessive LGMDs often cause extremely high CK levels. (medscape.com)
  • a sequence of special exercises including neuromuscular re-education that ensured that all the muscles of the responsible regions work in assembly and in the neurological sense. (medicalmassage-edu.com)
  • Severe anaphylactic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents, including succinylcholine, have been reported. (nih.gov)
  • Improved diagnostic methods have demonstrated that a large group of neuromuscular disorders, including some that were not truly LGMD, were included in this definition. (medscape.com)
  • They included CV patients, the physically fit, "recreational walkers who didn't really exercise regularly," and "habitual nonexercisers. (medscape.com)
  • We included 122 non-STEACS patients without raised TnT, 33 disease controls and 43 healthy controls. (hindawi.com)
  • Some patients are referred for cardiac assessment. (agsd.org.uk)
  • The incidence of cardiac injury is much greater in patients with severe disease presentation and those in intensive care. (springer.com)
  • Les dossiers de 622 patients âgés en moyenne de 58,3 ans (écart type 12,9) ont été étudiés. (who.int)
  • Des stratégies préventives doivent être mises en œuvre afin d'améliorer le pronostic à long terme des patients libyens et de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité globales dues à la coronaropathie. (who.int)
  • This has led to increase in the demand of cardiac biomarker testing for the patients suffering from COVID-19. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • All the patients met the definition for HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF according to 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines.Targeted variables including demographics, vital signs, comorbidities and lab assessment results were compared among the three groups by Pearson's χ2 test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for risk factor exploration on the three types of HF. (researchsquare.com)
  • This is the first report of reversible cardiac function impairment and left ventricular hypertrophy in a case of adult-onset MM, nocturnal hypoxia is a potential mechanism for left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with MM. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One limitation of the traditional definition is that it does not include those patients with some of the same abnormalities (eg, chromosomal defects) that are known causes of hypereosinophilic syndrome but who do not fulfill the traditional hypereosinophilic syndrome definition for degree or duration of eosinophilia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients with the FIP1L1/PDGFRA -associated fusion gene are more often males and may be responsive to low-dose imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor). (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 ] Our patients became older and sicker but cardiac surgeons were able to keep mortality rates in the low single digits. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Comorbid conditions that present in unstable angina patients include hypertension (60 percent), diabetes mellitus (26 percent), and hypercholesterolemia (43 percent). (belmarrahealth.com)
  • No dose adjustment is required, including in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute) (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). (who.int)
  • RESULTS Out of 1094 obtained records, 22 studies on a total of 4,157 patients were included. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • However, data are relatively scarce on the association between hyper-inflammatory response and cardiac injury among COVID-19 patients. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • RESULTS There were 32.4% (n = 107) of patients with cardiac injury. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS Cardiac injury was associated with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines among severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19, suggesting that hyper-inflammatory response may involve in cardiac injury. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • BACKGROUND The newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to involve different organs, including the cardiovascular system. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • Supported by the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation and Kaiser Permanente and by grants from Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Inc. No other financial relationships existed between Zeneca and the investigators, including stock ownership, consulting, or honoraria. (silverchair.com)
  • An accompanying editorial also points out that other rare adverse reactions to alemtuzumab emerging in postmarketing reports include uncommon infections, such as listeriosis and especially meningitis . (medscape.com)
  • Here we report a case of MM which presented with reversible cardiac function impairment and left ventricular hypertrophy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Weiss Lab, which features a multi-disciplinary team at Johns Hopkins as well as at Cedars S ... inai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is dedicated to identifying the most important clinical, genetic, structural, contractile and metabolic causes of sudden cardiac death as well as the means to reverse the underlying pathology and lower risk. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Objectives: Prevention of sudden cardiac death is the number one clinical priority in sports cardiology. (scirp.org)
  • While the overall cardiovascular risk of long distance running is acknowledged as low, the frequency of cardiac arrests and sudden death has increased in middle-aged males during marathons since the year 2000. (scirp.org)
  • Numerous adverse effects have been reported during tocolysis with such drugs, including cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic effects [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Method: Review of articles in Pub Med on adverse cardiac events during marathons. (scirp.org)
  • Clinical signs were variable and included generalized weakness, megaesophagus, and dysphagia. (avma.org)
  • Assessment of cardiac involvement can be considered based on clinical signs present. (wisdompanel.com)
  • BACKGROUND Inflammation can facilitate development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiac injury is associated with worse clinical outcomes. (nutrition-evidence.com)
  • They note that two cases of AAC occurred among 919 patents treated with alemtuzumab in clinical trials but because of an uncertain causal association, initial product labeling for the drug did not include AAC. (medscape.com)
  • Her lab's goals are to develop, implement, and validate novel imaging-based metrics of cardiac structure and function to improve risk prediction and stratification at the individual patient-level. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The exponential growth can be attributed to the diagnostic effectiveness, specificity, and accurate prediction detection of cardiac events when compared to other tests. (brandpublished.com)
  • So I re-iterate my plea to the key opinion leaders to put out stronger statements regarding the proper use of CAC as a risk prediction enhancer for preventive therapies and not the beginning of a downstream spiral of cardiac testing. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac biomarker tests allow the doctor to determine the risk of a patient associated with such diseases. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • This case highlights an atypical asymmetric presentation with initially preserved reflexes, rapid progression, and cardiac dysfunction that can occur independent of dysautonomia. (neurology.org)
  • Focal signs, including megaesophagus and dysphagia without signs of generalized weakness, were also evident. (avma.org)
  • Signs can include poor body condition with generalized muscle atrophy, muscular weakness, decreased reflexes, a stiff and short-strided gait, decreased appetite and regurgitation. (wisdompanel.com)